"Attacking the Heart", according to Sun Tzu's Art of War, is the method of "surrendering soldiers without fighting". According to the current formal name, it is "ideological and political work." The importance of ideological and political work is self-evident, especially in the war years when he was able to break the will of the enemy and improve the cohesion and combat effectiveness of his own ranks.
Tan Zheng, the founding general, is a master of "attacking the heart".
As early as the beginning of 1928, the Red Army in the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area decided to occupy Ninggang New City in order to expand and consolidate the base area and break the enemy's military blockade. The new city is located in the east of Ninggang, the east and west of the two backers, the west and south of the water, through the new city can be directly to Yongxin, is the north gate of Jinggang Mountain. If the new city is occupied, it is equivalent to opening the northern gate of Jinggang mountain.
At that time, xincheng only had 1 battalion of the 79th Regiment of the 27th Division of the 9th Army of the Jiangxi warlord Zhu Peide, about 300 people, and there were more than 100 people in the Ninggang County Guard Regiment in the city. The Red Army had an absolute advantage over 1 battalion of the enemy with 4 battalions. However, the walls of the new city are strong and the fortifications are complete, and a strong attack is certainly not the best policy, and the method of "surrendering without fighting" can only be broken.
In the early morning of February 18, with the order of the Commander of the Red Army, the soldiers who were ambushed nearby were killed in the sky, and the sound of guns and cannons was everywhere (in fact, firecrackers were set in foreign iron barrels), and there was a great tendency for a large army to crush the city. The enemy in the city saw this, hurriedly opened fire and fired, frantically shooting at the target they found. During the battle, Tan Zheng, then secretary of the Party Committee of the 31st Regiment, led the members of the propaganda team from this hill to another. While shouting and cheering, encouraging the soldiers to fight bravely, they shook the red flag to make the enemy have an illusion and release the empty cannon indiscriminately.
By noon, the enemy's bullets and shells were almost exhausted, morale was gradually depressed and tired, and the sound of gunfire slowly faded.
At this time, Tan Zheng saw the opportunity, and with a few propaganda team members, under the cover of the Red Army soldiers, chose a favorable terrain and began to shout to the enemy: "Brothers, surrender quickly!" You are firmly surrounded by the Red Army, and you cannot escape! The first few shouts, the enemy did not react, probably confused by this sudden attack on the heart.
Tan Zheng will not give up until he reaches his goal! He switched positions and shouted again, "... The Red Army is about to attack the city, so let's surrender anyway! Surrender is the way to live! The Red Army gave preferential treatment to prisoners! ”
In the afternoon, Tan Zheng's offensive tactics finally worked, and one or two enemy soldiers stooped down and ran from the enemy position. Tan Zheng personally received the defectors, and his attitude was gentle and they were treated as equals, which surprised the enemy soldiers who surrendered. Usually, the reactionary propaganda they heard was that "communist bandits kill people when they see them", so many enemy soldiers wanted to surrender, but they did not dare to surrender for fear of being killed. And now, Tan Zheng's words and actions, the Red Army's policy of captivity, have made the enemy's deceptive propaganda self-defeating.
In order to maximize the "attack on the heart" and win more enemy soldiers to stand on the side of the Red Army, Tan Zheng persuaded the surrendered soldiers to run back to do the work of other enemy soldiers defending the city after "seeing is believing". As a result, more and more enemy soldiers ran over, and finally ran in rows to the Red Army position.
The enemy's psychological defense line in the city finally collapsed, and as soon as the enemy officer saw that the momentum was not right, he went up thirty-six counts and hurriedly organized a breakthrough. Who knew that he had entered the ambush circle set up by the Red Army long ago, and all of them were wrapped in dumplings by the Red Army. In this battle, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army completely annihilated 1 battalion of the enemy's 79th Regiment and the Jingwei Regiment of Ninggang County, capturing more than 300 enemy prisoners.
Because Tan Zheng was good at "attacking the heart", he had been engaged in ideological and political work during the period of the agrarian revolution and the War of Resistance Against Japan.
In January 1946, Tan Zheng was transferred to the Northeast Democratic United Army as the director of the Political Department.
Because of the extremely difficult conditions of the 3rd Column, which persisted in the struggle in southern Manchuria, and due to the continuous fighting with the enemy and the lack of logistical support, a small number of people developed a sense of fear of difficulties. At that time, most of the soldiers in the army were peasants who had turned over, and there were some soldiers who had been liberated from the enemy camp; in the face of difficulties, some soldiers were undisciplined, and even the phenomenon of fleeing and leaving the army appeared, and some soldiers were afraid of living a hard life and were unwilling to continue the struggle in the northeast.
In response to this negative phenomenon that appeared in the ranks, Tan Zheng decided to first create the "grievance" education method in the 3rd column to educate the troops. After the education on grievances was launched, it was of great practical significance to the soldiers. Everyone came forward to say that from their own experiences, when it came to emotional places, everyone was crying and weeping, and this kind of education method played a great role in the soldiers' clarification of "who to carry the gun for and for whom to fight".
Tan Zheng asked everyone to inspire each other and tell the class hatred, and at the same time asked the troops to organize and watch plays such as "The White-Haired Girl" and "Blood and Tears Vengeance", and then go back to organize discussions after watching them. Some soldiers scolded the actors on the stage and Huang Shiren when watching "The White-Haired Girl"; some soldiers even rushed to the stage to beat these actors.
Tan Zheng's achievements in ideological and political work were unanimously affirmed by everyone, and in 1955 he was awarded the rank of general.
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