Pottery and stone tools excavated from Taiyuan East Taibao
Cultural Relics Quarterly, 1994.01 Guo Shuying (Shanxi Provincial Museum)
In 1953, the Taiyuan Dongtaibao Brick Factory found a batch of pottery, stone tools and bone tools during the soil extraction, which was collected by the Taiyuan Municipal Cultural Management Committee at that time, and then handed over to the Shanxi Provincial Museum for collection. In 1962, Comrade Gao Lishuang briefly introduced some of the pottery and bone tools found in Dongtaibao in the 9th issue of Archaeology. In 1980, the pottery group was discovered for the second time in Dongtaibao, and in addition to some of the artifacts published by the Provincial Archaeological Institute, some pottery was not published. In view of the typical artifacts excavated from Dongtaibao and the attention of the academic community, the unpublished people in the pottery and stone tools excavated twice will be described in detail for the reference of relevant scholars.
1 high neck bristle (59. B.276）。 Fine sand and grey pottery. Round lips, extravagant mouth, high neck, pocket feet are fatter, solid feet are thinner and longer, the neck is plain, and the abdomen and feet are decorated with light fine rope patterns. Caliber 13.8, height 22.3 cm (Fig. 1, 1).
3 single bristles. The shape is basically the same, all of which are sandwiched with fine sand and gray pottery. Round lips, extravagant mouth, low neckline, pocket foot, solid toe. Some of them have bundled grooves, a plain neckline, a shallow rope pattern on the abdomen and feet, and a cha-ear above the same foot on the lips, (S.3197) caliber 6.1, height 10 cm (Figure 1, 2) ;(S.3194) caliber 8.2, height 12.8 cm (Figure 1, 3) ;(5 9.B.27 9) caliber 8, height 12 cm (Figure I, 4).
1 piece (59. B.277）。 Fine sand gray brown pottery. Pointed round lip, open, collar slightly bundled, deep abdominal pelvic shape on the upper part, two cockscomb ears on the ventral side, additional patterns attached to the waist for a week, and internal and external convex septations. The lower pocket foot is fatter, the heel is slender and has a binding groove, and the whole body is decorated with a thin rope pattern, with a diameter of 16 and a height of 22.8 cm (Fig. 1, 5).
2 pots (59. B.1032）。 Clay pottery. Rounded lip, outer luxury along the mouth, curved abdomen, flat bottom, all-over vegan surface. Caliber 16, height 8 cm (Fig. 1, 6) ;( 59. B.777) sandwich fine sand lime pottery. Small flat bottom, extravagant mouth, corset of the neck, external drum of the shoulders, adduction of the lower abdomen, plain neck surface, abdominal ornamentation with fine rope pattern. Caliber 14, height 8.5 cm (Fig. 1, 7).
1 single ear jar (S.3195). Fine sand and grey pottery. Pointed round lip, mouth, bulging abdomen, flat bottom, ventral placed ears, plain neck surface, abdomen decorated with light rope pattern. Caliber 8, height 9.8 cm (Fig. 1, 8).
1 piece of one-ear cup (59. B.278）。 Clay pottery. Round lips, along the outer luxury, corset of the neck, bulging abdomen, flat bottom, ventral gilts, unclear checkered pattern. Caliber 15.6, height 11.1 cm (Fig. 1, 10).
Luxury jar 2 pieces (59. B.280）。 Clay pottery. Round lips, along the outer luxury, neck micro-bundle, bulging abdomen, flat bottom, neck plain face, shoulder decoration around the wedge-shaped dotted pattern, abdomen ornament vertical shallow rope pattern, caliber 9, height 11.1 cm (Fig. 1, 9) ;(S.3196) clay pottery. Round lips, along the micro-extravagance, corset of the neck, rounded abdomen, flat bottom, plain neck surface, abdominal ornamental string, caliber 9.8, height 9.6 cm (Fig. 1, 11).
5 stone axes. The shape system is basically similar, the whole is trapezoidal, narrow on the top and wide on the bottom. The whole body is crafted, and the blade is polished. where (59. B.775) Top width 4, blade width 5, length 16, maximum thickness 4 cm (Fig. 2, 1); （59. B.607) Top width 4.6, blade width 6, length 16, maximum thickness 3.5 cm (Fig. II, 2) ;(59.B.567) top width 3.8, blade width 4, length 9.6, maximum thickness 3 cm (Fig. II, 3) ;(59. B.569) Top width 4, blade width 6, length 14, maximum thickness 3.6 cm (Fig. II.4); （59. B.568) Top width 4, blade width 4, length 14.2, maximum thickness 2 cm (Fig. II, 5).
This batch of pottery and stone tools from the East Taibao Tongtu has not been scientifically excavated twice. Judging from the entire relics, some may come from the tomb, and some may be the relics of the site, but the age of the relics will not be much different, and can be regarded as a group of relics of the same era. From the perspective of pottery form, the high-necked mane of Dongtaibao basically matches the H129 high-necked mane of the guest invitation, but the former has no chin, the latter has a vessel, the former has a high tapered foot, and the latter has a high cylindrical foot. The high-necked mane is also basically close to the high-necked mane (7127 [30]:2) of the fourth period of the White Swallow, which indicates that they are also basically equivalent in terms of era. The short-necked mane is similar to the Dongxia Feng (H41:40) and (H501:13) mane, both of which are made of one ear, with a high and short collar, and the crotch is tank-shaped. The difference. The former has no mouth edge, and the latter has a small zero. In addition, the tall single-eared bristle and the bristle with a long solid heel are common artifacts of the Xia period in the Jinzhong area, which have been found in the Baiyan site and the Xinzhou Youyao site, and according to their stratigraphic relationship and artifact shape, it is initially determined that this batch of cultural relics is the early early xia period of the late Xia period. The deep-bellied basin and the single-ear jar and the extravagant jar are quite different from the similar instruments found in other regions and do not belong to the same cultural system. Therefore, they should reflect the local characteristics of the Jinzhong area.
Regarding the cultural nature of the remains of Dongtaibao, some comrades believe that it should be an independent cultural atmosphere, and some comrades believe that it should be a different type of K in Erlitou, whether it is culture or type, it is not difficult to find that the remains of Dongtaibao have their own characteristics.
However, due to the lack of formal excavation stratigraphic relations at the Site of Dongtaibao and the small number of excavated cultural relics, the overall cultural outlook of such relics has not yet been reflected, and as far as is known, this site no longer exists, and it is finally determined that this archaeological culture still needs to do more work in the Jinzhong area.
(Participating in this transfer were Wang Wanhui, Hai Jinle, Wang Yong, and Song Jianzhong.) ）
Written by Song Jianzhong
Drawing Chang Hongxia