Jimu news reporter Cheng Yuxun
Correspondent Rao Qingcai Wang Jia
As soon as the violin sounds, the throat itches. This is a proverb that spread in Chongyang, Hubei Province. The throat is not itchy, others can't see it, and the stages all over the city and countryside are obvious to all.
Chongyang violin opera is developed from Hunan Linxiang pippi opera, pippi opera artists in Chongyang group class sales, with class apprentices, in the performance process, constantly absorb Chongyang local mountain songs, field songs, filial piety songs and other folk songs sentence processing, cavity termination and song structure and other techniques, the formation of a strong local characteristics of the basic singing cavity tune.
For more than a hundred years, violin opera has had a deep mass foundation in Chongyang. Whoever has a marriage to celebrate his birthday, a scientific expedition to the army, the completion of the ancestral hall, the white funeral, and so on, must invite a drama team, the birth of a child with a violin play to greet, the funeral with a violin play to mourn.
The government came to set up the stage, and the century-old inheritance sang more and more "loud"
"Up to now, we have held the 11th Chongyang Violin Theater Festival." Xiong Yi, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Chongyang County CPC Committee and secretary of the party group of the County Federation of Literary and Art Circles, told Jimu News that since 1992, the Chongyang County Cpc Committee and County Government have decided to hold a violin drama festival in the county town every two to three years for a period of one week. In order to occupy a good position, many elderly people moved to the bench in the morning to sit in front, and dinner was sent to the square by the family to eat, and the people who delivered the meal also sat on the stool to watch the play.
Most of the people watching the play are middle-aged and elderly people, with their own stools, holding their grandchildren in their arms, carrying tickets ranging from 20 yuan, 50 yuan, and 100 yuan in their pockets. The so-called "lottery" is that the actors on the stage have encountered great difficulties in life, are penniless, kneeling on a piece of cloth and crying bitterly and bitterly, asking for the support of the audience, and the audience under the stage has stepped forward and put the tickets in their pockets on that cloth. After a play, the income of "playing lottery" can range from 3,000 to 5,000 yuan.
In addition, almost every year, the Chongyang Violin Drama Association organizes rural theater troupes to hold violin opera charity performances in Zhongjinzhou Square at the junction of urban and rural areas, which last for a week, and about 20 troupes participate in the charity performances. Whether it is a cold winter moon or a hot summer, as long as there is a drama to watch, the stage will be crowded and the water will not leak.
"As soon as Chongyang played a violin play, the art garden was passed down for two hundred years." Cheng Rixin, president of the Chongyang Violin Drama Association, introduced that it is precisely because of such enduring violin plays that Chongyang has become the hometown of folk culture and art in the country, and violin plays have been listed as national intangible cultural heritage.
Set up a special school to let the violin play be followed by others
"I've been studying violin play for almost a year, and the more I learn it, the more I like it!" In the practice room, Shen Dechao, a student of Chongyang Vocational and Technical School who is studying in the second year of high school, practiced very seriously under the guidance of teacher Wang Zhongping, a professional actor in violin play. On the afternoon of December 9, Jimu News reporters came to visit the school, only to see nearly 40 students sitting around the teacher, from the body method to the lyrics, the students learned a lot.
On November 2, the Ministry of Education announced the results of the third batch of national primary and secondary schools for the inheritance of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and Chongyang Vocational and Technical School was on the list, and the inheritance project of the school was the violin play. It is understood that since 2016, the school has begun to explore the art teaching road of opera into the campus and opera into the classroom, and carried out the characteristic teaching of Chongyang violin play.
In Chongyang, the cultivation of violin drama is started from dolls, in addition to Chongyang Vocational School, some primary schools have also opened special interest classes to cultivate children's love for violin play from an early age. In 2019, in order to allow some particularly outstanding violin opera actors to create with peace of mind, the Chongyang County Party Committee and County Government specially set up a compilation and solve the "identity" for them, and Pang Yong, an actor of the Chongyang County Violin Opera Inheritance and Development Center, is one of them. On the "China Geographical Names Conference" program launched by the CCTV Chinese International Channel last year, Pang Yong also performed a classic Chongyang violin play on the spot, making the Chongyang violin culture shine throughout the country.
"We set up a special class to pass on the original Chongyang violin opera and carry it forward." Wu Yujin, principal of Chongyang Vocational and Technical School, told Jimu News that the school has specially hired 12 part-time teachers to compile local teaching materials for "Chongyang Violin Drama" and specially cultivate reserve talents for violin play. The school's outstanding traditional plays such as "Double Lotus" have been awarded in provincial and municipal performances for many times. In November last year, the school was also awarded the "Chongyang Violin Opera Characteristic School" by the Propaganda Department of the Chongyang County Party Committee, the County Federation of Literature and Literature, and the County Violin Association.
Expert Comments:
Why does Chongyang violin play have strong vitality?
Dr. Li Jianwei is an associate professor at the School of Music, Hubei University of Science and Technology
In the modern society of urbanization, entertainment and informatization, why can Chongyang violin opera last for a long time? This is related to the artistic charm of violin opera itself, as well as to the social structure of the rural areas of southern Hunan, including Chongyang.
Chongyang violin opera has obvious regionality, uniqueness and simplicity in terms of language, singing voice, accompaniment, singing method, performance form, etc., which not only meets the appreciation and interpretation ability of local people, meets the entertainment needs of local society, but also enhances the cultural pride of Chongyang people. This series of reasons has enabled violin opera to maintain its vigorous vitality and huge mass base in the process of folk natural inheritance.
Chongyang violin opera music design has a fixed, unified and simple and clear program specification, which is easy for people to understand and reuse. For example, the cavity word relationship and the singing cavity accompaniment relationship in the musical sentence structure have a fixed format specification, and the singing cavity is mostly the upper and lower sentence structure, and the two sentences are mostly separated by the door.
Chongyang violin opera belongs to the Liangshan tone system in the Chinese opera vocal cavity, the singing cavity includes the positive cavity and the minor key, the positive cavity is its signature singing cavity, there are [positive tone], [mourning tone], [one word tone], [dream tone], [yin tone] five kinds of tones. Each tone corresponds to a fixed mood, with obvious procedurality, which is easy to create, deduce and appreciate.
Chongyang violin play has obvious regional uniqueness, its biggest feature is the singing method, most of the sound of each sentence in the cavity ends with a small voice that suddenly turns up an octave, which is commonly known as "killing chicken tone". This singing method is the iconic sound symbol of the violin play, and it is also the main basis for the local people to relish and judge the purity of the troupe's performance.
Violin drama uses the violin as the main accompaniment instrument and is one of the dramas named after the main instrument in the country. With violin opera as the link, there is a common musical form between Chongyang in southern Hubei, Tongcheng and Yueyang in northern Hunan Province, which makes violin opera have the characteristics of local uniqueness and regional unity.
The development of Violin Opera in Chongyang is inseparable from the rich folk music resources, active folk music activities and the rural social structure of the ethnic groups living together in southern Hunan. The musical activities in the marriage and funeral of various families in Chongyang also provide a huge social demand and performance market for violin opera.
In short, Chongyang Violin Opera's own artistic charm and Chongyang local market demand, under the joint action of contemporary intangible cultural heritage protection, cultural tourism development, local cultural brand building, etc., still maintain a relatively strong vitality.
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