Hong Han's Performance, Shouzheng Innovation--Zhu Hong's Academic Spirit and Academic Thought

Zhu Hong, a native of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, was born in Tianjin in 1951, and after graduating from the Department of History of Jilin University in 1982 with a major in archaeology, he has been teaching at the university ever since. He has long been committed to the teaching and research of physical anthropology, paleogenology and paleopathology, and has published nearly 200 professional papers in domestic and foreign academic journals such as Archaeology, Cultural Relics, Journal of Anthropology, frontier archaeology research, etc., and published 3 monographs such as "Physical Anthropology research on ancient Chinese residents" and "Physical Anthropology". He has presided over more than 10 major projects of the National Social Science Foundation. In 1997, he was awarded the title of Outstanding Teacher of baosteel Education Fund of the Ministry of Education, enjoyed the special government allowance of the State Council since 2000, was awarded the title of Advanced Worker of the National Basic Science Talent Training Fund in 2002, and was awarded the title of National Model Teacher in 2009.

In the 1960s, Mr. Zhu Hong experienced "going to the mountains and going to the countryside" and worked as a substitute teacher in primary and secondary schools, which had an important impact on his future teaching work. After returning to the city, he worked as a stevedor and unloader, and exercised a strong physique. Later, he entered the Jilin Provincial Health School to study and teach, during which time he served as a teacher of human morphology and human physiology, and went to Bethune Medical University (now The Bethune Medical College of Jilin University) to study pathological anatomy. All of this laid the foundation for his later research in physical anthropology. In 1978, he entered the Archaeology Department of the History Department of Jilin University to study, and was deeply influenced by Mr. Zhang Zhongpei, then director of the teaching and research department, and Mr. Lin Hu, deputy director of the teaching and research department at the time, and has been teaching at the school since graduation.

In 1983, Mr. Zhu Hong participated in the National Physical Anthropology Training Course for Archaeology Professional sponsored by Sichuan University entrusted by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and received systematic training in physical anthropology. Later, he went to the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences for further study, and continued to study physical anthropology under Mr. Pan Qifeng. In 1985, the Physical Anthropology Laboratory of Jilin University was established, and began to collect and sort out ancient human bone data, and more than 20,000 human bone specimens have been collected so far. In 1993, he published China's first professional textbook of physical anthropology, "Physical Anthropology".

The spirit of governance

Mr. Zhu Hong has been engaged in teaching, learning, scientific research and management for nearly 40 years, accumulating a lot of work experience and forming a unique concept of governance.

Mr. Zhu pays attention to theoretical innovation, pays attention to absorbing new theories and new methods of foreign anthropological research, and firmly grasps the international academic frontiers and hot spots. At the same time, according to the characteristics of China's disciplines, he organically combines ethnographic research with archaeology, history and ethnology, especially in the ethnographic research of ancient populations such as Xiongnu, Donghu, Xianbei, Jingxiao, Khitan and Mongolian in northern and Northeast Asia of China, as well as the theoretical framework and methodology of Chinese ancient ethnological research.

Mr. Zhu pays attention to the combination of academic and social significance, especially the exploration of the ethnographic origin of ancient and modern Populations in China, aiming to comprehensively expound the historical process of the formation of the chinese nation's diversified integration pattern, its causes and driving forces, and has great theoretical and practical significance for enhancing the identity of the Chinese nation and Chinese culture, safeguarding national unity and national unity.

In terms of curriculum construction and textbook preparation, he has successively opened and taught many special courses such as "Physical Anthropology", "Human Morphology", "Anthropometry", "Paleopathology", "Paleoanthropology", "Theory of Human Origin", "Ethnography", "Ethnography", "Introduction to the History of Chinese Species" and "Ancient Chinese Ethnography" for undergraduate and graduate students of Jilin University. In terms of teaching in this field, Jilin University has a unique character. In 2004, "Physical Anthropology" edited by Mr. Zhu was considered to be the first unified textbook of physical anthropology in China since the founding of New China, and was selected as a national planning textbook for the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for general higher education.

Mr. Zhu has always paid attention to talent training. He has trained more than 50 master's and doctoral students, creating a high-quality and young academic team of physical anthropology for China, some of which have become the backbone of China's physical anthropology teaching and scientific research.

He and his research team pay special attention to academic exchanges and cooperation with domestic and foreign peer scholars, universities and research institutes, and have completed nearly 100 tasks on the on-site identification of ancient bones, indoor human bone finishing and field archaeology team leader training, and have established long-term academic exchanges and cooperative relations with many universities and scientific research institutions at home and abroad, further expanding the international influence of Physical Anthropology in China. Jilin University has become recognized by scholars as an important center for the study of physical anthropology in China.

In 1998, with his efforts, Jilin University established the first professional laboratory of ancient DNA in the field of Archaeology in China, filling the gap in ancient DNA research in the domestic academic community at that time. For more than 20 years, the laboratory has done a lot of fruitful work in scientific research, theoretical innovation and talent training, and molecular archaeology research is in a leading position in China. At the same time, the laboratory has maintained good cooperation and exchanges with ancient DNA laboratories at home and abroad, and has considerable popularity in the world. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, Mr. Zhu proposed the construction of a bioarchaeological discipline in Jilin University. In 2013, the Joint Laboratory of Bioarchaeology of Jilin University-Simon Fraser University was officially established.

With the efforts of him and all parties, the Frontier Archaeology Research Center of Jilin University was established in 1999, and the following year it was successfully selected as one of the "100 Key Research Bases of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education". In 2005, the "Jilin University China Frontier History Innovation Base" organized and planned by him and served as the director was identified as the national "985 Project" philosophy and social science innovation base. In 2008, he and his team jointly declared the "Key Laboratory of Biological Evolution and Environment of Northeast Asia of the Ministry of Education" jointly declared by him and the Research Center for Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Faculty of Geology, which was approved by the Ministry of Education. In 2013, Jilin University, Peking University, Northwest University, Sichuan University, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly established the "Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Archaeology and Chinese Cultural Identity". In 2014, the Frontier Archaeology Research Center of Jilin University became the "Key Scientific Research Base of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage for Physical Anthropology and Molecular Archaeology". In addition, with the joint efforts of Mr. Zhu and seniors in the archaeological community, in 2011, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council adjusted archaeology under the first-level discipline of history to a first-level discipline alongside Chinese history and world history, which marked the steady development of archaeology and was affirmed by the academic community.

Under his organization and planning, in 2014, the Professional Committee of Human Skeleton Archaeology of the Chinese Archaeological Society was established at Jilin University. The members of the special committee cover young scholars at the forefront of many fields and disciplines such as Chinese paleoanthropology, physical anthropology, skeletal pathology, isotope analysis and paleomain analysis. The special committee has held four academic conferences, which has greatly promoted the development of Chinese skeletal archaeology.

Academic thought

Mr. Zhu has established a research system of ancient Chinese ethnography with its own characteristics. Before the 1990s, when Chinese scholars conducted research on ancient human races, the methodology was mainly influenced by soviet academia, and even the specific comparison criteria for determining racial types have always adopted the range of modern human variation formulated by Soviet scholars. The conclusion reached by this research method is actually the use of the classification method of modern people to set up ancient people, and the result is often caused by many misunderstandings, and then it is thought that a certain ancient ethnic group contains a variety of factors of modern regional human races, and it seems that there was already a clear mix of modern ethnic components at that time.

Later, according to the excavated human bone data, some scholars divided the ancient Chinese population into northern and southern types, and some were also divided into "Yanhuang Group", "Dongyi Group" and "Baiyue Group". Inspired by the archaeologist Professor Su Bingqi's theory of "faunal types" in archaeology, Mr. Zhu creatively proposed the classification system of ancient Chinese populations in the 1990s, dividing ancient Chinese populations into "ancient northeast type", "ancient north China type", "ancient northwest type", "ancient Central Plains type", "ancient South China type" and "ancient Mongolian plateau type". This is the most scientific and systematic classification system at present, and to this day, this classification system still guides Chinese paleoanthropological research and will continue to play an important role.

In long-term practice, he has summarized a set of effective research ideas, that is, in addition to traditional morphological research, anthropological research also needs to be combined with archaeological practice, linked with archaeological background, excavations, tomb shapes, etc., to seek anthropological information behind archaeological phenomena, and at the same time use anthropological research results to assist archaeological research. For example, in his "Study of Human Bones in Tombs in the Eastern Zhou Period of Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia", Mr. Zhu broke the convention of such research in the past, and first classified the ancient residents buried in the same period and in the same cemetery according to their economic lifestyles, and then analyzed their respective ethnic types, and successfully studied the similarities and differences in the ethnic composition of the pastoral and agricultural peoples who used the same cemetery in the Eastern Zhou Period of the tomb area.

Mr. Zhu pays attention to the collection and research of human bone materials in historical periods, and combines them with historical research. He believes that the relationship between archaeological remains in prehistoric periods is intricate, and there is no documentary information to refer to, so this method of starting from scattered early materials for research has great drawbacks. When discussing the etymological flow of ancient inhabitants, later materials are more important. Therefore, he put forward his own basic research ideas: when using ethnographic materials to discuss the ethnicity of ancient residents, the most secure way should be to deduce the unknown from the known, that is, from the data of an archaeological culture that has been determined or has basically determined the genus, through the ethnographic study of the inhabitants of the culture, the ethnographic coordinates of one or more ancient peoples are established. Then, combined with the cultural features of archaeological remains and the clues to the development of the origin of ethnic origins in ancient documents, the ethnic composition analysis of those archeological cultural inhabitants whose ethnic groups have not been determined is carried out. Finally, from the perspective of ethnography, reference opinions on the ethnic groups of the inhabitants of this culture are proposed. Based on this academic thinking, Mr. Zhu has paid special attention to the establishment of ethnographic coordinates of ancient ethnic groups over the years, starting from the data of those later years and relatively clear ethnic groups, and has achieved a series of important research results, such as the ethnographic research of the khitan people, the Xianbei people, the Jingxia people and the Donghu people.

Mr. Zhu attaches great importance to multidisciplinary integrated research, and under his appeal and support, the scientific and technological archaeology research of Jilin University has achieved gratifying results in the fields of animal archaeology, plant archaeology, environmental archaeology, geographic information system, isotope research and other fields. In the major entrusted project of the National Social Science Foundation of China", "Comprehensive Research on Mongolian Origins and Imperial Tombs of the Yuan Dynasty", Mr. Zhu fully integrated the research results in various fields and made outstanding contributions to the study of Mongolian ethnic origins.

Mr. Zhu's anthropological research field is very broad, in addition to traditional morphological research, he is also one of the first scholars to engage in the anthropology of teeth. At the same time, because of his medical experience, he started early in the research of skeletal pathology, and has become one of the characteristics of the anthropology research team of Jilin University. He has made remarkable achievements in anthropological research on bone variation, skull mutation research, and limb bone research.

Mr. Zhu has a broad academic vision and closely follows the international academic frontiers. He was aware of the comprehensive and thematic nature of skeletal research early on, and put forward his own unique insights on the effects of survival pressure on bones, bioarchaeology, statistical anthropology, forensic anthropology, etc., and encouraged students to engage in related research. Since 2002, his team has taken the lead in carrying out research on computer simulation of three-dimensional appearance restoration technology, and has successfully restored the ancient human skulls excavated from the Tomb of Laoshan Han in Beijing, the Tomb of king of Surabaya in Jiangsu Province, the Tomb of Liao in Turki Mountain in Inner Mongolia, the Neolithic Ruins of Koshi rock in Guilin, Guangxi, and dried corpses unearthed in Xinjiang.

Over the years, he has paid attention to the intersection and mutual penetration of arts and sciences, sought new disciplinary growth points through discipline reorganization, and successively presided over the National Social Science Foundation Project, the National Basic Science Talent Training Fund Project, the Major Project of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education and more than 20 special projects of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and achieved a series of landmark results.

Mr. Hong's learning, Honghan's performance; Mr. Talent, magnificent and magnificent; Mr. Wind, mountains and rivers.

(Author Affilications:Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Editor: Liu Xing