Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted Dong Zhongshu's proposal to depose the Hundred Schools of Confucianism, making Confucianism the mainstream ideology and familiarity with Confucian classics as the criterion for evaluating talents. This gave the selection of officials an operational prerequisite, and the probation system was formally established. The inspection of the two Han Dynasties is mainly three disciplines, filial piety, talent and virtuous fangzheng.
The so-called filial piety and honesty is that the taishou of each county selects talents from within the county who are filial to their parents and honest and diligent government to become officials. Counties with a population of less than 100,000 recommend one person every three years. Counties with less than 200,000 refer one person every two years. Counties with a population of more than 200,000 can refer one person a year.
Large counties with a population of more than 400,000 can recommend two people per year. The number of filial pieties produced by the whole country every year seems to be small. But this is already the most important way for civilians to enter the official arena.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao, Yuan Shu, Gongsun Zhan, Xun Yu, Jia Xu and others all entered the career through filial piety, and Juxiucai refers to the selection of outstanding talents as officials. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the secrets of emperor Liu Xiu, Xiucai changed his name to Maocai. Compared with filial piety, Maocai's selection criteria are more stringent. Filial piety is recommended by the counties, and Maocai is mainly a state. Each year, each state assassin or state pastor may nominate a Maocai within the state. The three dukes of the dprk can elect one Maocai every year.
There were only thirteen states in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Coupled with the number of lieutenants and a small number of princes who have the right to elect, the number of Maocai produced every year is actually very small. Therefore, most of the people who can become Maocai are current officials who have been officials for many years. With Maocai's origin, he has made further progress in his career. Ordinary people want to enter the world through Maocai, it is simply difficult to ascend to the sky.
Although the country can not produce a few Maocai every year. However, during the Three Kingdoms period, there were still cattle people, such as Zhang Zhao, who was not from a top-level famous family. However, with his good handwriting and full of talent, he became a well-known coat. At only twenty years old, he was praised as filial piety by Peng Chengguo, and his future was very good.
However, Zhang Zhao was not rare at all, and gave up all these only places, and Zhang Zhao's reputation became even louder a few years later. I'm often surrounded by high-seated people. Many famous men, including Zhao Yu, a famous scholar in the East China Sea, and Chen Lin, a famous scholar in Guangling, had already been known to the thunderous ear, and even The Assassin Shi Taoqian of Xuzhou at that time had admired Zhang Zhao for a long time. He took out the only place he had every year and rushed to raise him as a Maocai. Because of the scarcity of the number, the imperial court often used the scholars of Maocai origin extremely heavily. I didn't expect such a rare opportunity. Unexpectedly, Zhang Zhao refused again without hesitation. Tao Qian was very faceless, and he thought that Zhang Zhao despised himself.
Therefore, he was ashamed and angry and arrested Zhang Zhao. Thanks to the help of a friend, he was able to escape. Ran to Gangdong. Xiao Lian and Mao Cai both belong to the Changke. In addition, there are special sections that are opened from time to time. The main feature is that it is virtuous and good. Most of them were awarded official positions after natural disasters by the emperor selecting people of good ability and good character among students and current officials. The more famous person who was born in the Three Kingdoms period was Liu Yan, who became Langzhong because of his status as a clan member. Because it was not a near branch of the clan, so there was no strong origin, the official was not big, and many years later, Liu Yan was recommended as a virtuous fangzheng.
Since then, the official Yun Hengtong has been out of control, and has successively served as a high-ranking official such as Jizhou Assassin History, Nanyang Taishou, Zong Zheng, and Tai Chang, which has accumulated the capital to serve as the pastor of Yizhou. Among the talents who were examined by the two Han Dynasties, the proportion of current officials has always remained at about three-quarters. Originally, every year, the whole country had such a quota, and it was also occupied by those who had already become officials, so the difficulty of ordinary people who wanted to directly enter the army through inspection could be imagined.
If this road does not work, then there is only conscription, which is the emperor or official recruiting subordinate officials in society, and the emperor issuing an invitation to call for conscription. The invitation issued by the officials was called "Reclamation", which is collectively known as requisition. Compared with Filial Piety, Mao Cai and Xian Liangfang, Zheng Pei is not a serious origin. But good villains are also a shortcut to becoming an official. During the Three Kingdoms period, there were many celebrities who entered the official arena through conquest. For example, Dong Zhuo was achieved by the Liangzhou Assassin History at that time because of his bravery and belligerence. Conquest was engaged in, such as Liu Biao, who was recruited by the general He Jin to become a subordinate, and then sima Yi, after the Guandu War, Cao Cao recruited Sima Yi to become an official in the name of Sikong Province. But Sima Yi pretended to be ill and could not go. Before the Chibi War, Cao Cao had already ascended to the throne.
So he again conscripted Sima Yi in the name of the Xiangfu to do the literary work, and then Chen Qun, when Liu Bei was represented by Cao Qian as the Assassin of Yuzhou, and at Xiao Pei swallowed the army, the first time he conscripted the Yingchuan famous scholar Chen Qun to do a different driving. However, this experience can only be regarded as an internship for Chen Qun, Chen Qun was born in a famous and prestigious family, "Yingchuan Chen Clan" is certainly not worried about no official work, he does not look at Liu Bei's origin, after Liu Bei's defeat and escape, he will no longer follow. He was soon prosecuted as Maocai. He served as a subordinate of Cao Cao to the Western Cao Dynasty. It is a supplement to the birth.