Thank you Mr. Yang Bajin for giving me a masterpiece
Yang Wanli's "Genealogical Order of the Nitian Zhou Clan" is verified
Wen 丨 Yang Bajin
About the author: Yang Bajin, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of jishui county party committee, chairman of the literary association, vice president of the Yang Wanli Research Association of Jiangxi Province, vice president of the Xie Jin Research Association, member of the Provincial Writers Association, member of the Provincial Poetry Society, director of the Luling Cultural Research Association of Ji'an City, director of the Zhou Bida Thought Research Association, and inheritor of the story of Yang Wanli at the provincial level. He has published 12 academic treatises and more than 100 articles on the history of Luling literature, and has published "Luling Historical Examination", "Yang Wanli Family Chronicle", "Jiangxi Local Rare Literature Series Jishui Scroll", the chief editor of "Article Verses and Words Explained", and the upcoming "Family Engraving < Chengzhai Poetry Collection> Proofreading Notes".
Before the Qingming Festival in 2016, the author accompanied a friend to Pangu Town, Jishui County, for social investigation, and I could smell that the "Genealogy of the Nitian Zhou Clan" collected by Xiafengpi Village recorded a genealogical order signed by the author "Yang Wanli". At that time, my collection of local literature was still in its infancy, and due to factors such as not bringing a camera and the itinerary was determined, I did not go to the village to see the score and take pictures. After the Lantern Festival in 2020, I deliberately collected the poems and poems of my ancestor Mr. Chengzhai and deliberately checked the Siku Ben, the Siku Hui Essentials, the Siku Hui Bible, the Four Series Editions and the Qianlong Family Engraving "Chengzhai Collection", as well as the "Quan Song Wen" published by the Institute of Ancient Books of Sichuan University, and found that none of them included the "Genealogical Order of the Nitian Zhou Clan", so I had the idea of going to Xiafengpi Village to see the genealogy and take photos. Unfortunately, in recent years, for reasons such as protecting the family tree, the Nitian Zhou clan has attached seals to the wooden boxes where the family trees are stored, and they must not be opened at ordinary times, and only opened once a year when they are basking the scores. This has always been a big regret for me.
Fortunately, in the summer of 2021, I obtained two different versions of this score from Zhou Shaochang, a native of Nitian Village and teaching at a high school in Le'an County, Fuzhou. The first is a fragment of the genealogy compiled by the Nitian Zhou clan in the eleventh year of Qing Jiaqing (1806). The score is seriously missing pages and incomplete in content, but the "Original Sequence" of Yang Wanli included in the first score is basically well preserved, and only four or five words cannot be seen clearly. The second is the "Zhouyuan Zhou Clan Reconstruction Genealogy" compiled and revised by Zhou Yuan Village in Huangqiao Town in the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928). The village was migrated from the Zhou clan changfang in Nitian Village, and its script is basically the same as the Yang clan genealogy in the "Zhou Clan Wuxiu Genealogy" in Xiangtan, Hunan. Based on the genealogical order of the Xiangtan Guangxu Edition, Professor Zhou Yuancheng of Hengyang Normal University wrote "< Zhou Wuxiu Genealogy > Old Order of Nitian - A Song Yang Wanli Anthology", published in the Journal of Hengyang Normal University in the 4th issue of 2016, because the author collected few original data, the analysis was relatively simple, and the conclusions reached were still difficult to convince. Therefore, by excavating local literature, the author examines the authenticity of Yang Wanli's "Genealogical Order of the Nitian Zhou Clan" (hereinafter referred to as "Nitian Yang Sequence"). The Jiaqing version of "Nitian YangXu" is reproduced and punctuated as follows:
Original
"Poetry" cloud "gentle melon", words and weeks of self-help. Zhou Zihou was enfeoffed in Tai for more than a thousand years. In the middle, the sages were born on top of each other, accumulating merits to Wen Wangchang, and the saints were especially the ones who gave birth to the Mandate of Heaven and opened the Peji for eight hundred years. There is a way of lingze flowing far away, not beheading the fifth, Mo Jing in the eighth, not the loyalty of the Zhou family, Hou Yu Zhen Zhen! The future generations are flowing and sending benefits and points, and mo ke is in the era. The son's surname is Fanchang, there is Juji Cement Field, according to its plot is the young son of Zhou Yu during the Three Kingdoms period, the Marquis of Duxiang, who died in Luling, and the descendants of SuiJiayan.
Gan Shuo Zhi Rong, through the Jin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty to my Dynasty Yuanfu, Chongning, there are Zhi Dao, Sheng Chen, Zi Yu Chen, You Tai Xue, and Shanxi Mr. Liu Shangshu Cai as the same house, the world is known as Haozhai . And his pawn, Shang Shugong wrote a lament and wrote an epitaph for it. HaoZhai sheng Shang Zhong, learned from Yu, in order to give thanks for the time, the genealogical order as a request. Yu Whispered: "The loyal De Mo Ruo Zhou, the grandson of the distant Mo Ruo Zhou, who is said to be the great virtue of the heavens must not be necessary?" Or: "The sages sometimes cut off, and the sages sometimes do not vibrate after that, so why should the heavens be selfish and selfish?" "The seeds of the Gai ancestors are also far away, so the flow of the future generations is also long. If the prosperity and decline are uneven, then they are not as good as their children and grandchildren. Gou can obey the poetry book, cultivate the benevolence, prevent the inspection of the family model, the key of Dun Yilun, the rank of ming and humble, the harmony of the inner and the outer and respectful, inherit the inheritance, the virtuous and the dear, the ancestors, the dare to fall, the teachings of the poetry book are in the same stream as Deze, although the descendants are thousands of generations and the buddhas are also replaced.
Shang Zhongzong surnamed Yu Tongshi in the dynasty, there are if the chancellor will be great, calmly lang temple, Huang Huang you, its article virtue at that time, only one person. And Yu's residence is not far from the mud field, Yi Yu Zhou, has a good family, and is married to the mother party. And Shang Zhongfu conforms to Yu You, Qi Qixue, and Chongde Xiangxian. The descendants of Zhou will rest in Li Qijun and Wang Jingong, and they will be happy to eat and rejoice. Although Yu is old, he will see the Sect of The Sect again.
- JiaTai (the original text is "ding" character, erroneous) Four years of Jia Zi Chun on the first month of the Huan Day, Bao Mo Ge Zhi Xue, Tong Yi Dafu Zhi Shi, Ji Shui Kai Guo (Bo), Food Yi Seven Hundred Households Yang Wanli wrote.
Comparing the Huangqiao Town Zhouyuan Villagers' National Edition of "Nitian YangXu" with the above, it was found that some of the characters were different. Mainly: "Mo Jing yu VIII" sentence, Zhou Yuan village genealogy sequence has another "not alone" 2 characters; "according to its diagram system for the Three Kingdoms period", Zhou Yuan village genealogy sequence is changed to "passed on as Wu"; "Gan Shuo Zhi Rong" sentence, Zhou Yuan village genealogy sequence changed to "Yao Yao Hua Xuan"; in front of the signature "Jiatai Four Years Jiazi" sentence, Zhou Yuan Village genealogy sequence has another "Shi Wei Song" 3 characters; in addition, some of the text expressions are different, such as the substitution of the words "give" and "Yu", the general leave of the words "grant" and "receive", and more than 30 other words. It can be seen from this that the difference in the order of the Guangxu version of Zhouyuan Village is obviously a partial modification made by later genealogists. Although the text of these two versions is slightly different, the overall content is consistent, which does not affect the examination of the authenticity of the spectral order.
1. Relevant background
1. Overview of the Zhou clan of Nitian Village
Here it is necessary to first give a brief introduction to the "Wudong Zhou Clan". The Zhou clan of Ji'an County Oilfield, Jishui County Nitian, and Anfu County Fengtian all respected Zhou Yin, the second son of Zhou Yu, the governor of Eastern Wu of the Three Kingdoms, as their ancestor. Zhou Yin was demoted to Luling Commandery (庐陵郡) because of his words in favor of Sun Quan, the lord of Wu. Later, because Zhuge Jin, Bu Qi, and others jointly interceded, Sun Quan allowed him to reinstate him. Zhou Yin was very happy after receiving the holy will, and immediately set out with his family from Junzhi (郡治, in present-day Taihe County), but soon fell ill and died in Wudong, Luling County (in present-day Oilfield Town), so his descendants set up a foundation in Luling. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Ji Shuiren and the first assistant of the cabinet Xie Jin were invited to write the "Genealogical Order of the Zhou Clan of Ji Cement Tian", saying: "The Luling Wudong Zhou Clan began with Hou Yin of Wudu Township. Yin, the youngest son of Yu, who died as an official, because of the burial, the descendants stayed in a prosperous place, and they were here for more than a thousand years. [1] In the first year of Tang Changqing (821), zhou qi (yibin, the same name as Tang Xiangzhou) of Wudong was taught for a long time in pangu town in Jishui County, so Buju Nitian Village opened a foundation, which has a history of 1200 years.
Since the Song Dynasty, Nitian Village has produced many celebrities. During the Southern Song Dynasty, such as Zhou Yinglong, Zi Zezhi, And The Number of Lingzhou, during the Shaoding Period, he was erudite in the Hongzi Branch, just dared to advise, and after entering the Shi, he used to be a man of words. In the Yuan Dynasty, such as Zhou Wensun (1307-1360), who participated in the compilation of the Three Histories of Song and Liaojin, abandoned his official position because he advocated that song be orthodox and not in line with the public opinion, he was later recommended to be the head of the Bailu Prefecture Academy, and was promoted to professor of Yuan Prefecture, but did not go. In the early Ming Dynasty, such as Zhou Ming (1363-1432), ziqi feng, grandson of Zhou Yili, the former official Tongcheng County Xuexun, Mo County's master Bo, Guozijian Doctor, Nanjing Military Department officer Wailang and so on. His son Zhou Shu (1392-1452), a zigongshu, was able to compose poetry at the age of 11, a jinshi in the sixteenth year of Yongle (1418), a former official Shu Jishi, a Hanlin editor, and a waiter of the Hanlin Academy in Nanjing, who reworked the "History of Song" and died before completion. Zhou Yan (1499-1566), also known as Nan Qiao (南乔), was included in the Huguang Tongzhi (湖廣通志), a famous eunuch, an official to guangdong and a military envoy in Nanjing. In addition, there were a large number of literati officials, such as Zhou Jingsun, Zhou Conglong, Zhou Kuan, Zhou Yu, Zhou Qi, Zhou Dao, Zhou Di, Zhou Meng, Zhou Yuan, Zhou Tongbo, Zhou Xun, Zhou Zigong, Zhou Ruyuan, and Zhou Ruibao. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Rong, the first assistant of the cabinet and a native of Fujian, was invited to write a preface to the poem: "A few seconds away from Jishuiyi, when the end of the same river, there is a land known as a mud field, and the Zhou clan lives in it, and 'Oak Yang' is also its alias. The Zhou clan moved from The Tang Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, and the Luling family moved here for more than 600 years. In the meantime, the first prominent person in the liberal arts discipline has his own people, and he is a noble family. ”[2]
2. Nitian Village has been revised several times
According to the "Genealogy of the Nitian Zhou Clan", the Pangu Zhou Clan has revised the score nine times, paid eight times, and has gone through a large number of literati and celebrities. The main ones are: the first time was in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty Jiatai (1202). According to the genealogy, two years later, the great poet Yang Wanli was invited to make a preface, and the genealogy was marked as "original order". It was a manuscript at the time, and it was first written in the eighth year of Chunyou (1248), so that some people in later generations commented that the genealogy was wrongly written. The second time was in the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty Dade (1303). In the third year of Yanyou (1316), he invited Cheng Jufu, a confucian and a native of Nancheng, Fuzhou, to write a preface. Cheng Jufu (1249-1318), whose original name was Cheng Wenhai, because he avoided the emperor's name, used the character to replace his name, Xuelou, a famous minister and literary scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, who participated in the compilation and revision of the "Records of Chengzong" and "Records of Emperor Wuzong", and the title of Wenxian. In addition, Li Zhongyuan, a native of Bozhou and a scholar of Hanlin, also wrote a preface. The third time was the continuation of the seventh year of Ming Hongwu (1374), with Zhou Guanguo of Zhouyuan Village as the preface. The fourth time was in the fifteenth year of Ming Yongle (1417). Initiated in the seventh year of Yongle, he invited his hometown to unravel the preface. Since then, he has invited Taihe ren Liang Qian, Yongfeng ren Zeng Di, Jishui ren Zou Ji, Nanchang ren Hu Yu, Xingan ren Jin Youzi, Fujian yang rong, and other forewords (跋). The fifth time was the continuation of the seventh year of Xuande (1432), with the preface by Wang Zhi of Taiheren, Zhou Ming of Nitianren, and Xiong of Wenfeng. The scores cultivated during the years of Yongle and Xuande were called "Dacheng Scores" because of the high level of the first person and the large number of celebrities who wrote the preface. The sixth time was the continuation of jiajing in the forty-second year (1563), with the preface by Panguren and Yuanluohong. The seventh time was the continuation of the thirteenth year of Qing Yongzheng (1735), with Zhu Shi of Gao'an as the preface. The eighth time was the continuation of the eleventh year of Jiaqing (1806), with no new order. The ninth time was the fourth year of Guangxu (1878), this time on a large scale, and once fuzi, there are still many paper spectra, but there is no new order. In addition, the four houses of the Nitian Zhou clan have continued to repair the branch house spectrum more than 10 times.
It is worth noting that there is no art and literature part in the Guangxu version of the "Nitian Zhou Clan Genealogy". Therefore, the author believes that the family documents of the Nita Zhou clan should refer to the practice of compiling the "Yang Chengji" by the Tanimura Li clan, and there are special books, but the book has been abandoned.
3. Yang Wanli Spectral Preface
So far, the academic community has found a total of 5 genealogical orders signed by the author "Yang Wanli". Because he resigned from the government and returned to his hometown in the third year of Shaoxi (1192), he died after 15 years of idleness in his hometown, and 4 of the annotations were written during that time. The specifics are:
First, the Yang clan wrote "Re-repairing the Yang Clan Genealogical Order" written for his hometown of Bantang Village. The text is recorded from the Qianlong edition of the "Genealogy of the Yang Clan of Wenshui Nanhua", and the preface is the first day of June in the fifth year of the Qingyuan Dynasty (1199), and the official office is "Sun, Tongfeng Dafu, baomu ge to be made to Shi Wanli Order". Because Yang Wanli was a native of Bantang Village, later generations have always believed that this preface is a real work, so it is often quoted by scholars.
Second, the "Taolin Luo Clan Genealogy" written by the Yang clan for Baizhukeng Village in Jishui Pangu Town. The score was first compiled by his protégé and proofreader of the Chengzhai Collection, Luo Maoliang, and the main compilation work was completed by Luo Dazhang, the elder brother of Luo Dajing, the author of "Helin Yulu", and a professor in Ningbo Province. The preface was written in the autumn of the third year of Jiatai (1203), and the official office was written by "Bao mo Ge Zhi Bachelor, Tong Yi Dafu Zhi Shi, Ji Shui Kai Guo Bo, and Seven Hundred Households of Yang Wanli Tingxiu of Shiyi". In 2010, Associate Professor Yang Rui of Zhejiang Changzheng Vocational and Technical College wrote "Yang Wanli Anthony wen < Taolin Luo clan genealogical > examination", and in 2019, Researcher Wang Ruilai of the Institute of Oriental Culture of the University of Japan Studied for it wrote "Local Scholars and Song and Yuan Reform Management Peek- Yang Wanli Jiwai Anthology< Taolin Luo Clan Genealogy > Kao Shi", both of whom believe that this genealogical order is Yang Wanli's real work and has high documentary value.
Third, the Yang clan wrote the "Genealogical Order of the Xu Clan of Luotang" for Luotang Village, Akatian Town, Fengxin County. The score was edited by Xu Shuda, who was then the Commander of Yichun County, and was invited to write the preface by Yang Wanli, who was then the commander of the new county, in the autumn of the sixth year of Qiandao (1170), and the official office was "Shi Jindi, Xuan Delang, Zhongdafu, Huan Zhangge to be made, Bao mo Ge Bachelor, Prince Shaobao, Jishui Yang Wanli Chengzhai Fu Dun shou wrote". In April 2006, Mr. Hu Jiansheng, who was then a doctoral student at Beijing Normal University, wrote "Yang Wanli's Wenkao", which he considered to be a long-term work by Yang Wanli. In 2007, Professor Ji Yonggui of Chizhou College in Anhui Province wrote "Yang Wanli Youwen < Luotang Xu Clan Genealogical Order > Identification of Forgery", which was considered to be a forgery, which was dug up and revised by genealogists.
Fourth, the Yang clan wrote the "Genealogical Order of the Yifu Xiao Clan" for Yifu Village in Jishui Shuinan Town. The preface is not written at the invitation of whom, but was written on September 12, 1201, and was officially signed as the "Book of Yang Wanli of The Sincere Jai Nok". The author found on Baidu on the Internet that a blogger with the screen name "Xiao Shi Langyu" wrote that it was a forgery and should have been added without authorization during The Sixteenth Year of Ming Chenghua (1480) Xiao Kuan's Meditation Spectrum. The author also believes that the language of the spectral order is shallow and the style of writing is not good; in addition, the Yifu spectrum contains both Zhou Bida's "Source Stream" and Yang Wanli's spectral sequence, and neither of these two texts even mentions each other, so it should be a forgery of the composer.
2. Authenticity and falsity
It is true that the prefaces of famous scholars in the ancient folk genealogy should be carefully screened and must not be gullible. Academics often come to the opposite conclusion when they examine it. So, is the "Mud Field Yang Order" really made? The author will make a brief examination here.
(1) The origin of Zhou Yang
The origin of Yang Wanli and the Jishui Zhou clan is first of all multiple in-laws. Volume 7 of the family engraving of the "Chengzhai Poetry Collection and Jianghu Collection" records that "Cousin Zhou Ming Daogong is in the transmission of the gods, and the landscape is also good." Long farewell to visit, gifted with 2 poems, only read the poem title, it can be seen that he has a cousin named Zhou Mingdao, and one of the poems also has the sentence "It is not difficult for the brother Zhou Lang to be two". And there is a sentence in the "Nitian Yang Order" that "marries for the mother party", and the mother party refers to the person of the mother clan, from the "Erya Shi Kin": "The first clan, the second mother party, the second wife party." From this, it can be inferred that Zhou Mingdao should be the cousin of Yang Wanli's biological mother Mao Shi or his stepmother Luo Shi's mother. In addition, Yang Wanli's wife Luo Shi's second brother was named Luo Shangxing, Guan Dong'an and An Renzhi County, etc., and his wife was Zhou.
The second is that he and the Nitian Zhou clan are paid to sing poetry. For example, volume 2 of the "Jianghu Collection" has "Three Songs of He Zhou Zhongjue", "The Jianghu Collection" Volume 5 has "Send Zhou Zhongjue to Visit and Say Goodbye" and "Visit Zhou Zhongjue, Stay overnight in Nanling, the moon is bright, the road is wet, and there is night rain" and so on. Judging from the title of the poem, Zhou Zhongjue should be a native of Jishui Nanling. It should be noted here that today's "Nanling" refers to the area around Fengjiang Town Garden and Zhoujia Village, and the area around Mudfield in Pangu Town belongs to the category of "North Ridge". However, the ancestor of The Kaiji of Zhoujia Village was named Zhou Yuan, the son of Zhou Dao, the grandson of Zhou Qi, the prefect of The Official Changzhou, and the grandson of the long house of Nitian Village. On the other hand, the word "Nanling" appears many times in the "Chengzhai Collection", but the opposite "North Ridge" has never appeared, so it can be speculated that the "South Ridge" during the Southern Song Dynasty should include Nitian Village. In addition, Yang and Zhou Zhongrong also had exchanges, such as the "Jianghu Collection" volume 3 recorded "and Zhou Zhongrong < Spring > Two Absolute Sentences" and "he Zhou Zhongrong < Spring > Two Laws" poems.
Again, he often encouraged Zhou Shi to study later. Volume 4 of the Chaotian Sequel has "Gift to Zhou Jingbo", and the preface to the poem says: "Zhou Jingbo, a pro-party party in the village, supplemented the Taixue, dismissed servants, did not return in the old age, and did not return at night, JiaQi had aspirations, and gave long sentences." In addition, volume 60 of the "Chengzhai Collection" has "He Zhou Jingbo with the Lucky Study of Grace and Exemption from Provincial Qi", which reads: "Gong Wei Xin'en Province Yuan Bachelor, to All Jiang Xingmao's Guan ... That is, the fu wu zhou pentachen canon, and the branch of the Re-Kui Shengshi Yi ugly (1205). From this, it can be seen that the Qiwen was written in the fourth year of Jiatai (1204), "Xiangli Pro-Dang" is a person with fellow townsmen and distant relatives, and "Pengchen No. Dì" refers to the eighteenth year (1148) of Shaoxing Yongfeng County Liukeng Village (later assigned to Le'an County), when the 53-year-old Dong Deyuandian tested the first, because of the official demotion to the second, and specially given the title of allusion. It can be seen that the surnames of Zhou and Yang have always been good to the family, Yang Wanli and the Jishui Zhou clan do have a relationship, and the distance between Bantang and Nitian Village is about 10 kilometers, so it is reasonable for the Nitian Zhou clan to ask him to make a preface.
(2) Those who seek order are others
The order seeker of the "Nitian Yang Order" is called Zhou Shangzhong, the character Suiliang, the old man, who is the 11th generation of the Nitian Zhou clan. His father's name was Zhou Chen (周谔), courtesy name 鲠臣, who had entered The Taixue School and became friends with Liu Caijiao ( 卲卲 ) , a native of Luling County and a later official to Shangshu. As we all know, Yang Wanli participated in the jinshi examination in shaoxing twenty-one years (1151), and then worshiped Liu Caiwei as a teacher, immersed himself in the study of science, and three years later entered the high school. Regarding liu caikui's friendship with Zhou Chen, Liu Shi wrote "Zhou Kunchen's Lamentations (And Preface)", which states:
My friend Zhou Kunchen, talented, elegant and interesting, refuses to give up on himself. Shao Shengchu, Qiantang Xue Gong divided the teaching of county studies, and used the scriptures to open the police and many soldiers, because he questioned righteousness, he never tired of it, and Gong Yi praised his ambitions. Over the years, the public admission to taixue... 鲠臣, 讳谔, was born as a jishui person in Jizhou. Great Father Shi Sheng, Great Father Mao □, Father Xingzu, all obscure Qiu Yuan, married Li Shi, and had four children: Shang You, Shang Bin, Shang Zhi, shang Zhong, Ju You Ku Order, literature is called by scholars. Shang Bin Flea, Shang Zhi is a famous sage who is preferably selected for his practice, and the book has not been tested in the ceremonial department, while the second relative is more than eighty years old and has no other son, which is particularly sad. [3]
In addition, volume 3 of the Four Libraries and the Four Series of Periodicals, "Chengzhai Collection, Jianghu Collection", contains the title of "Title Zhou Chenchen Haozhai "Title Zhou Yuchen Haozhai", but the poem title in the family engraving is "Title Liu Yuchen Haozhai". When the author proofread it, he also tended to be "Zhou Junchen", which should be the mistake of the editors in the early Qing Dynasty. [4] From this, it can be seen that Yang Wanli and Zhou Chen also had a relationship. Regarding the friendship between Zhou Shangzhong and Yang Wanli, Xie Jin was invited to write the "Genealogical Order of the Zhou Clan of Ji Cement Tian", saying:
To Dao Shengchen (道生谔), the character 鲠臣, Yuan Fu Chongning Zhong, in Guoxue and Ancheng Liu Yunlong as a roommate, the late name Haozhai, its pawn also, Liu Gong for the mourning epitaph. In the Imami Cai collection, Yang Wenjie has a poem "Haozai". To the president of the "Yongle Canon", recited it repeatedly, and knew that his heir Fuze was not yet finished. Hao Zhai sheng Shangwen, held up in the township, Shangbin and Shangzhi were promoted to the rank of three sheds, and its Ji Shangzhong, the old man, from the gate of the Youwen Festival.
Regarding Zhou Shangzhong's introduction, the preface written by Xie Jin and the writings written by Liu Caijie are consistent with the content of the "Nitian Yang Order", which also confirms that the statement in the genealogical sequence that "Yu Yu's residence is not far from the nitian, Yi Yuzhou, has a good family, and is married to the mother party" is true, and it is reasonable for the Yang family to be invited to make a preface.
(3) The style of the spectral order
Yang's "Chengzhai Collection" has a total of 74 prefaces, included in volumes 77-82, the first 6 volumes have 10 articles in each volume, and 14 articles in volume 83. Comparing the "Nitian Yang Preface" with these 74 prefaces, I found many similarities in writing techniques. For example, the "Nitian Yang Order" begins by quoting the sentence "Mian Mian Gua Wan" in the Book of Poetry to start the game, while the Chengzhai Collection, volume 77, "Xi Zhai < Analects Lecture Notes> Preface" also quotes the verse "Who is bitter, his sweetness is like a thorn" in the "National Style". The first paragraph of the "Nitian Yang Order" has a lot of space to introduce the distant history of the Nitian Zhou clan, and the first paragraph of the "Chengzhai Collection" volume 82 "Dingzhai Jushi Sun Zhengzhi Anthology Sequence" is also a long introduction to the history of the 3 giant surnames of Luling and the prosperity of The Kedi. The second paragraph of the "Nitian Yang Order" is to describe the origin of the order seeker and the author and the reason for the preface, and this writing method can be seen everywhere in volumes 77-83 of the "Chengzhai Collection", that is, it is generally taken to first describe the moral articles and character hobbies of the person who seeks the order, and then to explain the friendship or friendship with him, so he is invited to write the preface. In the "Nitian Yang Sequence", the "Qi Qi Qi" and "Although Yu is old, he will see the Ancestors of the Sect again" sentences, such as the "Chengzhai Collection" Volume 83 "< The Later Sequence of the > of the Qixi Collection" has "The two gentlemen are far away, and they are old and return to rest", "Yu Shang He Yan Ya!" So the two gentlemen of the solo book are at the end of the chapter, and the sentence "After learning to hear and hear", etc., the author often uses this writing method to educate and guide the younger generation in his later years. Many similarities are not enumerated.
It is true that "Nitian Yang Order" also has the problem of mediocre writing, which seems to lack a spirituality when reading, and there is a slight gap with Yang Wanli's free and free prose style. In my opinion, this should be due to the author's limitations due to the inherent format of the spectral order.
(4) The counter-evidence of the text
Zhu Xi was a famous Confucian of the Southern Song Dynasty, and was also a good friend of Yang Wanli, and his "Obscure Collection" recorded an article "Baoji Shui Zhou Junjia Collection v. Mu", which said:
Jishui Township Gong Zhou Jun, v. Mu Qitong his home, treasure reading eight years, two hundred years. The viewer does not have time to look for its origins. Once the Emperor yiguo gong manifested itself, he examined the years and years, pushed the facts, and the name of shang and Zheng Shuo was kept to the point of knowing. So the matter of Zhou Jun was able to see its end... belch! If the rest of the words are useless, but the cause of life is the cause of the problem, then it is enough to be useful! Gyeongwon Jiwei (1199) March Koshi, Xin'an Zhuxi. [5]
Coincidentally, Zhou Bida's "WenzhongJi" also recorded the "Southern Tang Dynasty Lawsuit Hidden by Zhou Qia", which was written more than a year earlier than Zhu Xi.
Right South Tang Jishui County Township Gong Jinshi Zhou Hongyi Su Seven Paintings, Kao Zhi Shi, Five Generations of False Kingdoms, Du Jiangnan Cultural Relics are Prosperous, but every year of the imperial examination to take very few people, more use of letters to worship officials, but Guangshun second year began to order Jiang Wenwei to know the tribute, put the Jinshi ... Qia, the word JiHong, not the inheritance of the world, but the relics are hidden, the solid will start to the big door, although the old man is fashionable, he may still see it. Gyeongwon Dingmi (1197) Winter Solstice Day. [6]
Because the Republic of China edition of the "Records of the Zhou Clan of Nitian" has the name of "Zhou Qia" recorded in it, it can be seen that Zhou Qia is a native of Nitian Village in Pangu Town, or a grandson of Nitian descendants who moved to his village in the county. "Litigation" refers to a certain litigation request submitted by a party to the authorities in order to express or realize their rights and interests, and to state the relevant facts and reasons. His grandfather's name was Zhou Hongyi, and his grandfather was named Zhou Hongyi, who was also a township tribute jinshi. The Southern Song Dynasty did not yet have the title of "lifting people", and after passing the provincial level examination, it was still called "Xiucai", and later generations were often called "township tribute jinshi". Because these two texts are real works, it shows that the Nita Zhou clan has always attached great importance to the collection of family documents. Therefore, the author believes that if the "Nitian YangXu" is a forgery, then it is more reasonable that this article should be signed "Zhu Xi" or "Zhou Bida", after all, they both have real works, which can reduce the world's doubts about the authenticity of the "Nitian YangXu".
So, when was the "Nitian Yang Order" included in the village's genealogy? The Guangxu edition of the "Genealogy of the Nitian Zhou Clan" records a genealogical order written by the cabinet Zaifu Hu Yu in the early Ming Dynasty: "Hanlin Shu Jishi and Jishui Zhou Gongshu hold their genealogical questions, Yuguan old genealogy, Song has the order of Yang Wenjie Gong, Yuan has Cheng Wenxian Gong's narrative, and the literature is enough." The "Genealogical Order of the Reconstruction of the Houtian Zhou Clan", which moved outside the village of Nitian to Yongxin County, records the genealogical order written by Zhou Yan in the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing (1560): "The genealogy of my Zhou, superimposed on the Song Chun Yu Shu Shen (Note: This year is the first fu zi, previously a manuscript), then there is the order of Yang Wenjie Gong. Following the revision of the Yuan Dynasty (1303), there is the order of Cheng Wenxian Gong. [7] Therefore, the "Nitian Yang Order" was included in the family tree as early as the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, about 200 years after Yang Wanli's death, which confirms the possibility that this preface is a real work.
(5) The signature at the end of the text
The first thing to say is that in the Jiaqing version of the "Nitian Yang Sequence", the time signature, the Nitian Zhou clan cultivators have a clerical error, and the family tree is engraved with "Jiading Four Years Jiazi". In the fourth year of Jiading, its age is not "Jiazi", but "Xin Wei" (1211), when Yang Wanli has been dead for 5 years; the age of "Jiazi" should be The fourth year of Jiatai (1204), and the Guangxu version of "Nitian Yang Order" is written as "Jiatai Four Years Jiazi".
Secondly, it should be said that at the end of the article, there is no error in the expression of the author's official office, but the word "Bo" is omitted after the sentence "Jishui Kaiguo". Specifically, Yang Wanli was awarded the post of Doctor of The General Council and BaowenGe in March of the fifth year of Qingyuan (1199). In December of the following year, Jinfeng was the founding uncle of Jishui County, with 700 households. In June of the third year of Jiatai (1203), the imperial court awarded him the Baomo Ge Zhi Bachelor's Provincial Zha, and in August he awarded the Bao Mo Ge Zhi Bachelor Zhi Shi. On the 26th day of the first month of the following year, the imperial court enfeoffed him as the founding marquis of Luling County, with 1,000 households. [8] However, due to underdeveloped transportation and information in ancient times, it was half a month after the Yang clan received the news and received the edict, and presented to the imperial court the "Table of The Great Gift of XieJiao's Great Gift into the Marquis of Luling County". He was awarded the title of "Bachelor of Po Mo Ge" on the first month of the second year of the Jubilee (1206). Therefore, the signatures of time and official positions in the "Nitian Yang Order" are in line with historical truth.
Third, the author believes that the signatures for the end of the article and the official position should have been added by the descendants of the Nitian Zhou clan themselves. The reasons are: Regarding the signature habit of Yang Wanli's inscription preface, many scholars in the academic circles have written articles for it and have made a detailed analysis. For example, Professor Ji Yonggui said, Yang Wanli's preface is generally "or write the emperor's era number + number of years + Chengzhai Yeke + Yang Wanli (or Yang Mou)", or directly signed as "Chengzhai Yeke", or only signed "Yang Wanli". It is true that the signatures written by Yang Wanli in his later years sometimes added a long list of official titles, such as the "Preface to the Collected Writings of Mr. Lu Xi" for his teacher Wang Tingjue, the signature was "Chun Xi Peng Wu Shen September Obscure Day, Doorman, Chao Feng Dafu, xinzhi Junzhou Military Affairs Yang Wanli Order"; for Nanfeng County Zeng Hong, "< Jiangxi Continuation Sect Er Zengju Shi Poetry Collection > Sequence", the signature was "Jia Tai Yan Hai April Bing Chen, TongHui Dafu, Bao Wen Ge To Be Made Zhi Shi, Luling Yang Wanli Order", there are only a few articles. However, there are so many signed offices in the "Nitian Yang Order" and they are expressed so specifically, which is not in line with yang Wanli's signature habits in his later years. It should be added by the Nitian Zhou clan when revising the genealogy, just like the title "Original Sequence", after all, this practice was a common practice in ancient times when revising genealogies and compiling humanistic chronicles.
Here, I may as well venture to speculate: at that time, Yang Wanli may have written a short article in the form of ordinary texts and plain language, and later nita Zhoushi changed it to the form of "spectral order" for the purpose of praising the ancestors, and added a small number of praise words. The difference between the Jiaqing version of the "Nitian Yang Order" and the Guangxu version of the Zhou Yuan and Xiangtan Yang Order is an example of the notorist's unauthorized alteration.
(6) Zhou Bida's place of origin
Zhou Bida was born in Yonghe Town, Luling County, and took part in the examination and provincial examination as a native of Luling County, and his ancestral home is Guancheng, Henan, and there should be no objection to this view in the academic circles. However, both the Daoguang edition and the Guangxu edition of the Chronicle of Jishui County record the "Biography of Zhou Bi", the reason for which should be adopted from the "Genealogical Order of the Zhou Clan of Ji Cement Tian" by the famous scholar Xie Jin in his hometown: "According to the ancestor of the Zhou Wenzhong Duke of Yiguo, zheng zhengqian, his grandson Shi Shi was the judge of Jizhou, and fu tongtong was given to Nitian, and Shou Qi, the son of Fu Xian, was taken as a grandson. The public anthology can be examined, all from the Wudong people also. This passage means that the fifth ancestor of Zhou Bi was named Zhou Zheng, who migrated from Luling to Chenzhou, and Zhou Zheng's grandson Zhou Yiyin served as the tongju of Jizhou, and then moved back to Luling and restored to the Zhou clan of Nitian. Later, the Yonghe Zhou clan had zhou shouqi, the son of Zhou Fuxian of the Mudian people, as their heirs, and thus concluded that Zhou Bi was a descendant of the Zhou clan of Wudong. As for xie jin's basis for saying this passage? The preface does not state, but only generally says, "The collection of works of Gong (Zhou Bida) can be considered."
It is true that when the Zhou clan was alive, he did discuss the matter of the general genealogy and the united sects with the Nitian Zhou clan, and in his "Jingzhai Ji", he wrote:
In the afternoon and autumn of Shaoxing Geng, Yu and Yongxin Zhou Zheng Kuanping pre-paid tribute, knowing that his Su Mu Wang Wen Zheng Gong Xian, planted three acacias in the court, built a hall linzhi, and finally twice Gonglang and Jian Heng Yue Temple, accumulated to accumulate good deeds to the heirs. His son You, the character Caiqing, that is, the Yin Frame House of the Tang Dynasty, the Twenty Feet wide, the list is called "Jing Zhai"... Jiatai Xin You, Zhongzi Guifu held up in the township with Miao Ling. Father and son over-give, Xu Zongmeng, Chen Shiqi, and ask for a word. "Although the six scriptures are many, they are very important. Therefore, "Zhongyong" "three hundred etiquette, three thousand prestige". And han Confucian record: with the "Qu Li" as the first part, with "no disrespect" as the first sentence, this so-called "book of etiquette" is also. Ben Li, then the etiquette is not good, also three hundred poems, and the master is covered with the three words of 'thinking innocence', and he still hides the difference between the superior and the inferior! Please return, carved stone, Layue Gengyin. [9]
The account was written in the twelfth month of the lunar calendar in the fourth year of Jiatai (1201), the Suoji people named Zhou Zhengkuan, the character Pingyi, his ancestors migrated to Shengye Township, Yongxin County to avoid the Jingkang Rebellion, and were descendants of the descendants of the outside of Nitian Village, and their descendants participated in the first stereotype of the Nitian family tree in the eighth year of Chunyou (1248). As early as the twentieth year of Shaoxing (1150), Zhou Zhengkuan participated in the examination with Zhou Bida and Yang Wanli and was both lifted, and presumably the three of them knew each other at that time. On the issue of Zhou Bida's place of origin, the author once wrote "Zhou Bida's Ancestral Hometown Exploration", and concluded that his place of origin is Yonghe Town, Ji'an County, and his ancestral home is Zhengzhou, Henan. In the early Ming Dynasty, Hanlin Shu and Taihe Ren Liang Qian's "Genealogical Order of the Zhou Clan of Nitian" also said: "This genealogical work, which is detailed below Yibin, is also the beginning of its residence in Nitian... Yiguo Wen Zhonggong will live in the great residence, taste with the general score also. [10] Precisely because Zhou Bida and Yang Wanli had been friends for more than 50 years, and the two were extremely acquainted, Yang Must have known that Zhou Bida was not from Nitian Village. Although the "according to the language" in the xiejin genealogical sequence has vaguely stated that Zhou Bida and the Nitian Zhou clan are "both out of Wudong", resulting in a small number of people misjudging that "Zhou Bida is a nitian person", it is not mentioned in the "Nitian Yang Order", which also confirms the possibility that Yang's writing is a real work.
3. Conclusion
In the early Ming Dynasty, the first assistant of the cabinet, Taihe Ren Wang Zhi, said: "The method of composing the book of the husband is known to him, but the que is unknowable, and he wants to pass on the letter." [11] However, in ancient times, folk genealogy was carried out within the family, lacking effective supervision by official or social forces, and often secretive after cultivation, which provided the possibility for some families to "pretend to be famous to respect themselves". Therefore, the identification of the genealogical order of celebrities in the family tree by the people of today should not be gullible, and must be strictly examined.
Although it is not included in the "Chengzhai Collection", there are problems such as mediocre writing and not meeting the expectations of the world for Yang Wanli's prose works, but the author analyzes from 5 aspects such as "the origin of Zhou Yang, the person who seeks the order, the style of the genealogical order, the signature at the end of the text, and the place of origin of Zhou Bi", and believes that many of the contents in the text can be corroborated with the actual situation of the Nitian Zhou clan, Zhu Xibawen, and Zhou Bida's place of origin. Therefore, it should be a precious essay written by Yang Wanli. The discovery of this essay can add to the gaps in Yang Wanli's collection and Ji'an's local history, which is extremely precious.
Notes
[1] Xie Jin's Collected Writings of Xie Xueshi, vol. 5, is stored in the Cabinet of Cabinet Bunko Changheizaka Institute of Learning. The same applies below
[2] Yang Rong's Wen Min Ji ,vol. 14 of The Eight Poems of The Quercus of Zhou Dynasty
[3] Liu Caijiao's Collected Works of The Residents of Qixi, Vol. 12, "Lamentations of Zhou Kunchen (And Preface)"
[4] Yang Bajin's "Family Engravings< Chengzhai Poetry Collection > Annotations", vol. 3, p. 36, Jiangxi People's Publishing House, August 20201
[5] Zhu Xi's Obscure Collection, vol. 84
[6] Zhou Bida's WenzhongJi, vol. 47, "Inscription"
[7] Zhou Yan's "Zhou Jian Su Gong Manuscript", an anthology stored in the library of Jinggangshan University.
[8] For details, see Volume 133 of the Chengzhai Collection, as noted after the title of the "Confession of the Marquis of Luling County": "On the twenty-sixth day of the first month of the fourth year of Jiatai, Li Da, a member of the Zhongshu Sheren, went on a different trip. ”
[9] Zhou Bida's WenzhongJi, vol. 59, Ji (II)
[10] Jinggangshan Daily, December 1, 2017, 8th edition: "Luling Yue Reading"
[11] Wang Zhi's Collected Works of the Later Works, Vol. 22, Genealogical Order of the Le'an Xie Clan
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