A question of the Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum
Questions about whether the Ariake generation had the Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum or even the Xuande Furnace mainly had the following views:
1. The Frenchman Paul Pelliot examined this in detail in 1936, believing that the 1928 Xuande Yi Instrument Atlas was a forgery of later generations, and he rejected the Xuande Ding Yi and Ding Yi Spectrum in an article published in the Bulletin of the French Far East Academy.
2. The British scholar Rose Keer argued in 1990 in the book "Late Chinese Bronze Ware" that the Xuande furnace may be the work of the Kangxi period from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, and she found that many of the Ming Dynasty documents were written by the authors of the Pseudo-Trust, and works such as the Xuande Yi Instrument Atlas were no exception.
3. Lu Pengliang, a researcher at the Shanghai Museum, said in the article "Xuanlu Debate" in the 7th issue of "Cultural Relics" in 2008: "In the Xuande Dynasty, the official casting of copper furnaces was not on a large scale, and the Xuande furnace was actually a kind of pseudo-cultural relics invented by the late Ming Dynasty, and the copper furnaces with various Xuande year numbers that were passed down from generation to generation were generally no earlier than the Wanli Dynasty. ”
4. On July 15, 2012, Guangzhou Daily published an article entitled "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum Unreliable Antiques Distinguishing Counterfeit Copper Incense Burners", saying that the historical facts of xuande Ding Yi spectrum are obvious: first, the editor Libu Shangshu Lü Zhen died in the first year of Xuande, and the genealogy was created in the third year of Xuande; secondly, the Jiajing chronology said that the book came from the Zhongsu gong family, but Yu Qian was 'Su' in the second year of Hongzhi, and it was not until the eighteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1590) that the name was changed to 'Zhongsu'; The Kingdom of Helan (The Netherlands) flowers and the Tin, and the Netherlands knew about China no earlier than the early 17th century-------
Qing Daoguang Xuande Yi Instrument Genealogy Zhejiang Provincial Library Shuguang Road Library Ancient Books Department Collection
Xuande Dingyi in the archives
Because there is no Xuande Dingyi standard instrument as a sacrificial vessel in the Tomb of the Ming Dynasty, only the evidence and physical objects of the Xuande Dynasty Dingyi can be found from the historical documents, which can solve the mystery of the Xuande furnace.
"Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming" volume 40 Hu ShuYun: "Xuande three years in March, walking in the Ministry of Rites Shangshu Hu Yan Tianxia Yue Zhen Hai Du Sheji Shan Chuan, Wind and Rain City God Flag Poison and other gods, and the tombs of the emperors of the past, the ancestors of the saints, the loyal martyrs have merit and the people, contained in the ceremony, every year in the spring and autumn to make sacrifices, so chongde to repay merit, pray for the people' blessings, now the temple altar sites are not repaired, the sacrifice vessels are not prepared, there is a way of the gods, it is advisable to order the priest to repair the gap in the farm, and hold the ceremony according to the schedule." ”
Book XXXIX has "Siamese King Samrapo Maharajarai sent his envoy Nai Tokusatsu to pay tribute to the tribute". Volume 59 Xuande Four Years Inner Official Meng An Playing Loose Words: "Acting in the Ministry of Works, yesterday the Inner Official Meng An Yan Rao Prefecture and other prefectures, Dexing and other counties, soaking copper and iron shortage of smiths to serve, please take shifts in the service, and flee back to the cooked copper and other craftsmen." Sixty-three people were retained, and they lived on their shifts, and because of this kind of escape, the imperial court sent officials to supervise them, and after a year or two of not arriving, they were now released from their crimes, and they were ordered to work in their townships, fearing that they would become adulterers, and after they could not be stopped, they begged to be taken to Beijing to decide, and the people were not enough to follow the school, but later they could not help the case. "After the above documents have been verified, it is proved that the Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming records that during the three to four years of Xuande, after paying tribute to the Siamese state, Emperor Xuanzong ordered the Ministry of Works to cast Ding Yi. It can be seen that the Xuande Dynasty has this casting project, and the Xuande casting furnace is based on history.
Cha "Records of Emperor Taizong of Ming" volume 161: "Yongle thirteen years of penzi, the practice of the great peace and the remnants of the toes, the roar of the mountains and forests, the harm of the good, the loyalty of the soldiers, the removal of the ugly, and now, it is advisable to set the merit reward early, the earthquake and so on to be played... Gengshen Xiutai Temple Sheji and the imperial sacrifice vessels of the past. Volume 1 of the Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy records: "On the third day of the third month of March in Xuande, Lü Zhen, a shangshu minister of the Prince Taibao LiBu, received a sacred edict from wu Cheng, a eunuch of the Si Li Supervisor, together with Zhou Ying, the secretary of the Taichang Temple, and Wu Chenglu, the eunuch of the Si Li Temple, to check the book of sacrifices of the Ancestral Hall, as well as the Li Temple Office of the Taichang Temple, the Book of the Fengji Library inside the Si Li Supervisor, and the inner court offerings of the Taimiao Temple. Volume V of the Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy records: "The above should be re-cast one should be re-cast one should be large and small Ding Yi pot Zun Dou Gui Gui Huang Ji, a total of fifteen thousand six hundred and eighty-four pieces, in addition to Ding Yi cast, the rest of the ware should be recast, according to the Yongle thirteen-year ceremonial department please, casting the items of the style of the book on the list." "Jiajing Jiawu (1534) Wen Peng's Manuscript Preface" The sixteen volumes of the Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy are from the Zhongsu Gong family, which is the official Cao Lang of the Libu Ancestral Hall in the orthodoxy, and is obtained from the eunuch Wu Cheng, the eunuch of the Si Li Supervisor." Based on the above evidence, Lü Zhen, the Rebbe Shangshu, revised the book of sacrifices in the thirteenth year of Yongle, and the eight characters of "Recording and Checking the Book of Sacrifices of the Honbu Ancestral Hall" prove that it was copied by Yu Qian when he was the Libu Ancestral Hall Cao Lang. The Ritual Book (three fragments of the Book) was found by Xi Yao from the Ministry of Works by Xi Yao of the Qing Yongzheng Dynasty, see "Bibliography of Chinese Good Books, Zi 41018573 Xuande Yi Instrument Genealogy", which is now stored in the library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Qing Daoguang Dynasty Hubei according to the cha envoy Zhang Qing selected the inscription, Fu Yu copied the score in zhejiang library (Shuguang Road Museum Ancient Books Department). The above records show that in the process of designing the genealogy book (i.e., the Xuande Yi Instrument Score), the Xuande Dynasty Ding Yi referred to the sacrifice book repaired by Lü Zhen of the Thirteenth Year of Yongle. Lü Zhen himself died in the first year of Xuande's reign, and the casting of Ding Yi was completed by Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, Wu Zhong of the Ministry of Works, Wu Cheng, the eunuch of the Si Li Supervisor, and Zhou Ying, the prince of the LiBu Taichang.
According to volume 15 of the "Great Ming Huidian", "The tributes of the three kingdoms of the eastern and large sulfur balls at the beginning of the country included raw red copper, tin, snail shell, gold and silver, agate, etc.; the tributes of many clans in Nanyang included gemstones, corals, tortoiseshells, fancinne, blood exhaustion, yellow wax, tin, Western iron, udon mud, stone green, Hui huiqing, gemstones, and so on. "The source of the raw materials is the stuff that entered the Jingna tribute of the early Ming Dynasty, and the above record negates many of the erroneous arguments of previous researchers who questioned the source of the materials.
The Zhu Si column of the Ming Dynasty is a copy of Ming Xuanzong's "Imperial Collection", and its volume 41 "Sleeping Up" poem reads: "There is no police on the three sides and all the people are safe, and the retreat is to honor the Virgin." Ri Yan Xiaozhai chatted about a few hidden, and picked up the scrolls to look at them quietly. The garden woke up at the beginning of the day, and smoked a wisp of clear smoke in the stove. Sitting on the hill, the flowers and birds are always in love. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wanli Jinshi Tao Jue edited more than 500 kinds of Miscellaneous Works by Ming Ren, including the Wanwei Shan Tang Publications of the Third Year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), which recorded the "Seven Essentials of Burning Incense" written by Zhu Quan (1318 ~ 1448), the king of Mingning Xian: "Incense burner official Ge Ding kiln, can it be used?" On weekdays, the furnace is made of Xuan copper, Pan copper, Yi furnace, milk stove, such as teacup type large, for the purpose of grace. "The Records of Emperor Xuanzong" (宣宗帝實錄), the imperial poem "Sleeping Up", and the "Seven Essentials of Burning Incense" by Zhu Quan, the King of Ning, are ironclad evidences for the parties to record the events, confirming the existence of the Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum and xuande Ding Yi.
Qing Guangxu Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy Zhejiang Provincial Library West Lake Gushan Hall Rare Book Room Collection
Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum Inscription Qing Guangxu Ninth Year Xu Zuo Lead Print
Tomorrow Qiben Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy National Museum Collection
It was verified that the "Bibliography of Chinese Good Books, Zi 41018571 Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy (Eight Volumes)", the Bao Shigong Family Collection (the original copy of the Four Libraries of the Whole Book) during the Qi Dynasty of Tomorrow is stored in the National Museum, and at the end of the book, there is also a volume of Xiang Yuanbian's "Xuanluo Bo Theory" "Emperor Tomorrow Qi Ying Yin Chun March on Li Xiangzi Jing Book", which was copied by the Emperor in March during the Qi Dynasty of Tomorrow in Xiang Zijing's "Xuanlu Bo Theory", and the content of the book "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum" was copied from the "Xuande Ding Yi Ming" (Xiang Yuan Bian Jiajing Codex). Because the transcription of the "Xuande Ding Yi Genealogy" and the "Xuanlu Bo Theory" were combined in one book, and the nickname given to Yu Qian by Emperor Shenzong was used as "Yu Zhongsu Gong", the "Siku Quanshu" Bending Yi Spectrum copied the Tianqi Ben, because the doubters did not do the source examination work, mistakenly took the date of copying the "Xuanlu Bo Theory" attached to the Tianqi Ben as the transcription time of the Jiajing Ben "Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum", thus misjudging the time of the copying. The above evidence rejects the doubters' erroneous view that Xuande Dingyi only had a documented record after the Wanli Calendar.
(Excerpted Editing)
Collector's Magazine 202008 issue cover
Article Source: The Collector
202008 issue of "Xuande Furnace in Historical Documents------- Xuande Ding Yi Spectrum Non-Pseudo Book Examination"
Author: Nan Bingwen Cao Dongfang
Editor-in-Charge: Qin Jia