1. Vaginitis
Vaginitis, essentially vaginal inflammation, is a group of conditions that cause vulvovaginal symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation, and abnormal fluid.
Normal healthy women's vaginas can form a strong natural defense function against pathogen invasion due to the characteristics of anatomical tissues. For example, the closure of the vaginal opening, the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina, the estrogen induces the proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and the keratosis of surface cells, the vaginal pH maintains balance, so that the growth and reproduction process of pathogens adapting to alkaline conditions is inhibited to a certain extent, which in turn promotes the mucus of the cervical canal to appear alkaline, and when the natural defense function of the vagina is damaged to a certain extent, the difficulty of pathogen invasion is correspondingly reduced, inducing the development process of inflammatory response.
Under normal conditions, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria live in the vagina and together constitute a normal vaginal flora. Any adverse factor will disrupt the ecological balance between the vagina and the microflora, and may also induce conditional pathogenic bacteria. At present, the common types of clinical conditions are: bacterial vaginosis (22% to 50% of the symptomatic female population), candidal vaginitis (17% to 39%), trichomoniasis vaginitis (4% to 35%), senile vaginitis, and juvenile vaginitis.
2. Types and symptoms of common vaginitis
2.1 Bacterial vaginitis
It is a type of vaginitis with a high incidence in the female population, which is an infection induced by the proliferation of some anaerobic bacteria in the vagina, resulting in a microecological imbalance in the vagina. Bacterial vaginitis can be transmitted through sexual contact, so women with chaotic sexual life and more sexual partners have a higher incidence.
The clinical symptoms of the patient are: increased vaginal discharge, grayish white, thin texture, fishy odor;
The vulva has an itching and burning sensation;
Vaginal pain during sexual intercourse;
Symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and dysuria.
2.2 Fungal vaginitis
Also known as candida vaginitis, usually caused by candida infection, mostly spread by unclean sex life, clothes contaminated with candida and female hygiene products that do not meet the standards of disinfection, young girls, pregnant women, diabetes This is a predisposing group.
The main symptoms are: increased vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal discharge, viscous curd or tofu slag-like;
The vulva has itching, burning sensation, pain and other manifestations, and the above symptoms will be aggravated to varying degrees at night.
2.3 Trichomoniasis vaginitis
Induced by the invasion of trichomoniasis into the vagina, it is a parasitic disease that is the main route of transmission during sexual intercourse.
Symptoms include: most patients have no obvious symptoms, some patients will have mild discomfort, and there is some improvement in symptoms with the onset of menstruation or pregnancy;
Some symptomatic patients have thin purulent vaginal discharge, and in severe cases, vaginal discharge may be yellow-green, foamy, and accompanied by a fishy odor;
Vulvar infections are more similar to other vaginitisoids;
Trichomonas tend to infect the urinary system, and some patients develop hematuria due to difficulty urinating, pain in the urethral orifice when urinating.
2.4 Mixed vaginitis
In essence, it is the vaginal inflammation caused by the simultaneous existence of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, and it is also a more common type of vaginitis in the clinic.
Symptoms include: abnormal vaginal discharge, itching of the vulva, urinary tract symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and dysuria.
3. Prevention methods of vaginitis in young women
3.1 Eliminate the misuse of antibiotics
Previous studies have shown that antibiotics can form a significant inhibitory effect on some beneficial bacteria, causing mold to take advantage of the opportunity to grow and proliferate in large quantities. Therefore, young women should choose antibiotics in a rigorous manner.
3.2 Wash your underwear separately
Mold can multiply in large quantities on the surface of the skin, in the gastrointestinal tract, in the location of the nails, etc. If you find that your family or yourself have tinea pedis, nail fungus, etc., it will increase the risk of mold cross-infection. Because of this, underwear must be washed separately. Underwear should be changed and washed frequently, soap should be used exclusively, wash separately from other clothes, especially socks, and use boiling water to blanch for a while after cleaning, so as to achieve the purpose of sterilization.
3.3 Strengthen the management of personal hygiene
To often use water to clean the private parts, and do not blindly believe in some of the lotions advertised, such as the frequent use of acidic gynecological cleaning disinfectants, disinfection pads, etc., is likely to create a humid acidic environment for mold breeding, the private location itself has its own pH value, the use of other chemicals will destroy the ecological environment of the private parts, previous studies have found that weak alkali formula gynecological cleaning products in the daily cleaning and maintenance of private parts show better applicability.
For washing private parts of pots, towels and other items, it is also necessary to dedicate special personnel and disinfect and clean regularly. Mold is hidden in almost every laundry bucket, and it is recommended to wash the laundry bucket with hot water around 60°C. As far as possible, penetrate the pants with good air performance and looseness, which has a certain role in promoting the breathing process of the private parts. Take the bus in the summer to minimize the time you spend in your seat to reduce or avoid bacterial infections. In public baths, do not put clothes in public places, it is recommended to use your own bag. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen the management of personal hygiene of spouses.
3.4 Strengthen the maintenance of pregnancy
During pregnancy, sex hormone levels, intravaginal glycogen and acidity all increase to varying degrees, increasing the risk of mold invasion. For pregnant women, oral medications are not recommended, and topical prophylaxis and adjuvant therapy regimens are recommended.
3.5 Strengthen the management of daily life
The prevention of vaginitis can start from the aspects of diet and hygiene management, the diet should try to choose light foods, often eat spicy stimuli and hot and humid foods can easily lead to damp heat in the body and induce vaginitis. Hygiene should be strengthened during menstruation and intercourse, if not strengthened cleaning, it is likely to cause bacterial transvaginal infection, increasing the risk of various gynecological inflammation.
It is recommended that young women develop good exercise habits to strengthen their resistance. It is also necessary to conduct regular physical examinations, detect various occult diseases early, and receive symptomatic treatment in a timely manner. In terms of life, we also need to pay attention to ensuring adequate sleep time, develop the habit of going to bed early and getting up early and eating regularly, and reasonably control sexual life, previous studies have found that women who have sex > 3 times a week have a higher probability of urinary tract infection.
In addition, teach young women to master the correct order of cleaning the vulva and anus, should first clean the vulva, and then clean the anus, pay attention to ensure that cleaning supplies are clean and hygienic, people's hands often touch various objects, it is likely to carry a variety of pathogens, so it is necessary to develop a good habit of washing hands before meals.
3.6 Medication
Trichomoniasis vaginitis: metronidazole, 2 g/day, orally for 1 week. Alternatively, tinidazole is used at 0.5 g/dose twice daily for 1 week. Patients who fail treatment are recommended to continue using metronidazole 400 mg / time, 2 times / day, continuously for 7 days and to observe the effect of the drug;
Bacterial vaginitis: metronidazole orally at 0.5 g/dose twice daily, or 0.3 g/dose three times/day for 1 week. Ampicillin 0.5 g/time, 4 to 5 times/day for 7 days;
Candida vaginitis: miconazole suppositories 0.2 g/day continuously for 7 days, clotrimazole suppositories 0.1 g/day, nystatin suppositories 1× 105 U/ time, continuous treatment for 2 days.
4. Conclusion
Normally, vaginitis does not heal spontaneously, and patients may only meet the criteria for clinical cure after systematic clinical treatment. If it cannot be cured, it is likely to recur. Therefore, for young women, the prevention of vaginitis should be strengthened, attention should be paid to personal hygiene and the cleaning and management of spouse hygiene, the body's immunity should be improved, good living habits should be developed, and regular hospitals should be inspected, prodromal symptoms should be detected early, and targeted measures should be implemented to lift them, so as to truly say "no" to vaginitis.
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