During the Spring and Autumn Period, after the collapse of the Li Dynasty, the decline of the Zhou royal family, and the great weakening of the strength of the King of Zhou Ping after moving east, the powerful feudal state began to stir. More than 170 small countries were annexed and compatible, and eventually formed the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons. So who are the Spring and Autumn Five? How did they grow to be overlords? The poetry girl takes you into the world of the Spring and Autumn Five.
In the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were more than 170 recorded princely states. After king Zhou Ping moved east, he was unable to control the princes, so a 290-year-long annexation war between the various princely states was set off, "big fish eat small fish, small fish eat shrimp and rice". During this period, those who can hold the bull's ear in the strength and appeal of the various princely states will be revered as overlords.
Start and end time: 770 BC - 476 BC
Era: Spring and Autumn Period
Era Figures: Spring and Autumn Five
So, who are the Spring and Autumn Five? There are 8 statements in this history book, which are:
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin, King Zhuang of Chu, Duke Xiang of Song — History of Suoyin
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin, King Zhuang of Chu, Duke Zhuang of Zheng — Ci Tong
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin, King Zhuang of Chu, King of Yue, Gou Jian— "The Four Sons Speak of Virtue"
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin, King Zhuang of Chu, King of Wu— White Tiger Tong
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin, Duke Xiang of Song, And Fuchai of Wu—Notes on the Book of Han and The List of Princes and Princes
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, King Zhuang of Chu, King Lu of Wu, King of Yue, Gou Jian of Yue—Xunzi Wangba
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Xiang of Jin, Duke Jing of Jin, Duke of Mourning of Jin—Compilation of the Collected Works of Gongqi Pavilion
Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, King Zhuang of Chu, King Lu of Wu, King of Yue Gou Jian — "Mozi So-Dyed"
The poetry girl made a mistake this time, who did she listen to? We follow the public's opinion that the 5 overlords elected by the highest vote are:
Duke Huan of Qi (8 votes), Duke Wen of Jin (8 votes), King Zhuang of Chu (6 votes), Duke Mu of Qin (5 votes), King Lu of Wu (3 votes)
Although the Yue King's Gou Jian (3 votes) is tied, but considering the historical order, this place takes the Wu King.
Well, the Spring and Autumn Five Lords have been determined, now invite them to the stage of history and officially start their performance.
1, Xiao Bai dominates by Guan Zhong, and the king of Zun yi has an alliance
The first to appear was our Qi Huan Gong Jiang Xiaobai, as a high-vote elected Spring and Autumn overlord, his main merits were mainly to use the right people: guan zhong, who legalized brothels, vigorously developed the economy, and held an alliance with the foreign emperor. Therefore, the main contribution of Qi Huangong to become a hegemon is:
1) Honoring the King: that is, honoring Zhou Tianzi, or helping Zhou Tianzi to solve his urgent needs;
2) Zhiyi: Help the Central Plains princely states resist the invasion from Siyi.
3) Holding an alliance: being canonized by Zhou Tianzi or supported by the princes as the overlord.
Qi Huan Gong xiaobai is also one of the most praised overlords, in the 40 years of his hegemony, he has convened 26 international peace conferences and dispatched troops 28 times, and has always maintained the simple atmosphere and aristocratic chivalry of the early Spring and Autumn Period. It's not easy.
Of course, his habit of fornicating with his sister, as well as the glorious deeds of Guan Zhong's favored adulterous courtiers after his death, and finally being starved to death, we cannot talk about here. The comments you want to hear, I will post another post to talk about.
2. The five sages and three wives came to help, and Wen Gong dominated the world
Gongzi heavy ears, this life can be said to be a great instrument late. He began to go into exile at the age of 43, lived in exile for 19 years, and only became the Duke of Jin at the age of 62. He died in 628 BC and reigned for only 9 years, only one-fifth of the 43-year reign of Xiao Bai, Duke of Qi Huan.
However, during this 9 years, he has turned the beggar who ate the soil and ate the meat of the thighs when he fell into a state of decline into a Jin Wengong who did not dare to be bullied. His main merit was to emulate the Duke of Qi Huan and honor the king with the alliance.
1) King Zun: He united with the State of Qin and the State of Qi to attack and save The Song dynasty and Serve Zheng, quell the rebellion of the Zhou Dynasty, and was rewarded by Zhou Tianzi
2) Zhiyi: Defeated the Southern Powerhouse Chu State known as the Southern Barbarians
3) Huimeng: Invited king Xiang of Zhou, and summoned Qi, Song and other states to hold the Jietuhui Alliance, and was crowned as the head of the princes by Zhou Tianzi.
What should be said here is that after the death of Duke Huan of Qi, the State of Qi was no longer able to do so, but after the death of Heavy Ear, hegemony continued. Because the Duke of Qi Huan was only defended by guan Zhong, and Zhong'er relied on the "Six Qings" who had originally followed him into exile, the ruling group formed by these six major families was very stable. Unfortunately, later, the three families were divided into Jin, and the Spring and Autumn Period perished. We'll tell you that later.
3. Appoint the sage Chu Guoxing, and Zhuang Wangzhong originally won the crown
The State of Chu has the largest territory, the largest population, the most abundant products, and the most cultural. But before King Zhuang of Chu, the State of Chu had been excluded from the Culture of the Central Plains. When Qi Huan was hegemonic, the State of Chu stopped its northward advance due to the suppression of the State of Qi, and instead annexed a number of small states to the east, and its national strength became increasingly strong.
King Zhuang of Chu was also addicted to wine at first, and was absurd in political affairs. Later, he woke up, and since the 8th century BC, he has successively appointed talented civilian and military generals such as Wu Shan, Su Cong, Sun Shu'ao, and Zi Zhong to rectify internal affairs and strictly enforce the legal system. Then, with a thunderous momentum, it entered the Central Plains, and eroded to the east and north without staying for a day!
In 598 BC, King Zhuang of Chu led an army to fight the Jin army at Zhao (邲, in present-day Zhengzhou, Henan) and defeated the Jin army. The countries of the Central Plains turned their backs on Chu, and King Zhuang of Chu became the overlord of the Central Plains. The tail of the Jin state had long since defected to the Chu state, and the wei and Lu states soon secretly flew to the chu state.
Of course, when King Zhuang of Chu was fighting Chen Guo, he made a famous peach-colored incident, which is recorded in the poem "Zhu Lin", and we have time to talk about Ha again.
4. From the beginning of the barbaric land of Qin, Mu Gong was buried with controversy
The poet said to the girl, how to establish the Qin kingdom? Because of the duke's merits in escorting the king of Zhou Ping when he moved east, Zhou Tianzi gave him a barbaric land near present-day Ningxia, where strong ethnic minority dogs harassed the interior from time to time. Zhou Tianzi means to take it yourself, and if you can take down this territory, it will be yours.
Therefore, the State of Qin was not taken very seriously for decades, until the time of Qin Mugong. The main reason why Qin Mugong was able to finally establish hegemony was that he appointed two foreigners with administrative talents: the prime minister Baili Xi and Uncle Jian, who plotted to defeat the Jin state, capture the Jin Huigong, and realize the Qin and Jin alliances.
However, good flowers do not often bloom and good scenes are not often there, after the death of Duke Wen of Jin, the alliance collapsed, and Qin and Jin fought for a long time. Bai Lixi once recommended three high-level intellectuals born in his home country: Che Xianxi, Che Zhongxing, and Che Xianhu, who were brothers, so people called them "Che Jia Sanliang".
However, after the death of Qin Mugong, his heirs buried all of Baili Mengming and Chejia Sanliang. The poem "Yellow Bird" writes about this incident, in which "the heavens of the heavens, annihilate my good people!" The cries were really deafening.
5. Ren Xian Wu Zixu, the Battle of Wu Chu was famous
King Wu was a man with ideals and ambitions, and his domination of the world began with the Battle of Wu-Chu.
In 515 BC, Wu Guang (Wu Guang) staged a coup d'état and stabbed King Wu to death. Wu Zixu was appointed as prime minister. Wu Zixu, as a man himself, had fled from the Chu State and hated the Chu State to the bone, and king Wu reused him regardless of his previous suspicions.
As emperor, Lu Lu began his road to a rich country and a strong army, and also recruited the military master Sun Wu to become his general. What is even more valuable is that he built the famous Chinese and foreign Lu City, which is now called Gusu City.
It was also in this year that King Wu became the commander-in-chief and Wu Zixu served as the chief of staff, and began to attack the Chu state, the course of the war was not to be said, and finally the three major armies were victorious one after another, and soon arrived in the capital of Chu, and the king of Chu, Chu Zhao, fled. After Wu Zixu entered the capital, he exhumed the corpse of King Chuping from the grave and personally whipped 300 leather whips until the body shattered.
The Kingdom of Wu, the last of the five, determined its hegemony by this battle. However, shen Baoxu, the minister of the Chu state, cried for 7 days and 7 nights to go to the qin country to move the rescue troops, and The king of Wu had to retreat with gold and silver jewelry. In the eleventh year of the reign (504 BC), the Wu army again attacked Chu, forcing the State of Chu to move its capital to Yu (鄀, southeast of present-day Yicheng, Hubei Province). Since then, Wu Guowei has shaken China!
Later, during the Great War between the State of Wu and the State of Vietnam, he was hit by a poisonous arrow from the Vietnamese army on his toe and festered to death. Son Wu Wang Fu Cha succeeded to the throne, Wu Wang Fu Cha, Yue Wang's enmity and hatred also began, and there were many performances in the historical drama, what Hongmen Feast, Overlord Beiji, here the poem will be told later by the girl!
Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons, the countries of the scuffle, you sing and I appeared, these hundreds of years, fighting, killing, dividing and combining. They have contributed to us the most idioms in Chinese history: retreating from the three houses, making a splash, bearing the sin of Jing, tasting the gall of the salary, knowing the way of the old horse, encircling Wei to save Zhao, talking on paper, etc.; they also contributed to the famous battles in Chinese history: the Battle of the Long Spoon, the Battle of the Three Families, the Battle of Guiling, and so on.
It can be said that the hegemonic politics of the Spring and Autumn Period effectively prevented the collapse of the world order and politics, resisted the aggression of foreign nationalities, and made important contributions to the maintenance and protection of Chinese civilization. How do you think about the Spring and Autumn Five? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area Ha.