Question/Why did Qin have six consecutive dynasties and generations of Ming Jun? Is it really good luck?
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In the Western Han Dynasty politician Jia Yi's "Treatise on Passing the Qin Dynasty", it is written that Qin Shi Huang "fought for the sixth generation of Yu Lie, Zhen Changce and Yu Yu Nei, swallowed the princes of the Second Zhou Dynasty, performed the supreme and made the Liuhe, and lashed out at the world, and vied the four seas.". The gist of this is that Qin Shi Huang inherited the will and inheritance of the previous monarchs of the Qin State to strive for strength, unified the world, and swept through Liuhe.
Among them, "Six Dynasties" refers to the "six generations of monarchs of the Qin Kingdom, The Prince of Qin, the King of Huiwen, the King of Wu, the King of Zhaoxiang, the King of Xiaowen, and the King of Zhuangxiang". Throughout history, we can find that since the beginning of qin, there has been no emperor in the Qin Kingdom. If you add Qin Shi Huang, the unification of the Qin state is completely the result of the efforts of the eighth monarch.
Throughout the Warring States period, it was already remarkable that one or two Ming Emperors could appear in a country, and with the history of the Qin Kingdom for hundreds of years, why could so many Ming Emperors and Divine Lords appear in a row?
First, born of sorrow, poor thinks of change
The State of Qin was located in the western frontier, and the ancestors of the Qin people were divided into Qin lands for their meritorious service in raising horses for Zhou Tianzi, and later they were enfeoffed as princely states because King Xiang of Qin escorted King Zhou Ping to move the capital to Luoyang. The State of Qin, both in terms of political inferiority and military strength, was much weaker than the Six Eastern Kingdoms. In the eyes of the six eastern countries, the qin state is not enough to worry about the western barbarians.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, although Qin Mugong became the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, his strength was still very weak. Sandwiched between the Jin state of the Central Plains and the southern Chu state, they were always at risk of being destroyed. During the Warring States period, it was beaten by the newly rising State of Wei and almost destroyed the country. Nearly a hundred years after the loss of the land of Hexi, even Hanguguan, the gateway to the Qin state, was taken away. This kind of national situation and dangerous situation forced the monarch of the Qin state not to work hard.
After Qin Xiangong took the throne, he began a certain degree of reform, and his national strength increased slightly, but he also failed to retake Hangu Pass and open up the road east of the Qin state. After the death of Duke Xiangong of Qin, his son Duke Xiao of Qin was the one who officially put the Qin state on the road of changing the law and strengthening the country.
After hundreds of years of oppression and humiliation, the Qin state went east and destroyed the Six Kingdoms. It has become the spiritual goal of all the subjects of the Qin State, and has also become the spiritual belief of successive monarchs.
Second, the monarchy selection system and royal education in the Qin Kingdom
In the monarchical absolutism of ancient China, the succession to the throne was related to the stability of the country and the inheritance of the dynasty. The inheritance system of the monarch of the Qin state is the monarchy system. In the Biography of the Ram, it is written that "why is it not named, the name of the Qin, the Yi, and the hidden concubine ... Concubines are born, not by name, but in the four realms, choose the brave and fierce to stand."
Unlike the Six Kingdoms of Shandong, the State of Qin was less influenced by patriarchal etiquette and was known as barbarians. At that time, all the countries of the Central Plains strictly followed the patriarchal law in the succession of the monarch and implemented the system of primogeniture. The State of Qin, on the other hand, "chose to be brave and fierce."
The succession of the position of the monarch of the Qin state is to choose and compete within a certain range, and the person who establishes it must have a certain age, experience and ability. In the history of the Qin Dynasty, many monarchs passed on the throne, and in the case of their old age and their sons did not grow up, most of them passed on their thrones to their younger brothers (brothers) instead of sons.
In this way, the emergence of young mothers, the emergence of powerful ministers, and foreign relatives interfering in politics is avoided. At the same time, it also ensures that the elected monarch will not have too many problems in his ability.
For example, after the death of Duke Wu of Qin, his brother Duke De took the throne, Duke Xuan of Qin had nine sons, none of whom were established, and passed on to his brother; Duke Cheng of Qin, who had seven sons, also passed the throne to his younger brother Duke Mu of Qin.
Mu Gong's previous choice of the throne made the Qin state strive to be strong, and the will and dream of the six kingdoms in the east were stabilized. After The Duke of Qin Mugong, he began to appoint a prince, and although most of the heirs to the throne were inherited from father to son, they still maintained the system of selecting the best for the king. For example, after the death of King Wu of Qin, he passed the position to a more excellent younger brother, King Zhaoxiang of Qin.
At the same time, the monarchs of the Qin dynasty attached great importance to royal education. The cultivated princes are also very good. These have greatly increased the probability of the appearance of the Ming Jun.
Third, the concept of governing the country according to law
For the Martingale Transformation Method, most of everyone's understanding of it lies in the strong army and strong country. But his greatest achievement was to infiltrate the idea of governing the country according to law into the ideology of the rulers of the Qin state and make the rulers constrained by them. Achieve the rule of law, not the rule of man. "The prince broke the law and committed the same crime as the common people", this sentence is from the "History. The Biography of Shang Jun lie", it is said that the prince Yingsi broke the law, and Shang Martin wanted to execute, on the grounds that the decree was greater than the heavens, but because Yingsi was a crown prince, he finally executed his teacher.
Shang Martin strongly demanded and successfully executed the prince's teacher. Its purpose is to establish the authority of the law. Its influence is also quite far-reaching, after filial piety changed the law, Great Qin respected the ideas of the legalists and insisted on ruling the country according to law. The words and deeds of successive monarchs have also been constrained by the law. Under the management of the law, the monarch of the State of Qin basically could not make a big mistake in governing the country, and consolidated the rule of the state.
4. Summary
The reason why the successive monarchs of the Qin Kingdom have been wise and wise is by no means the favor of heaven and good luck. Years of humiliation have made the Qin people have the idea of striving for progress in their bones, and in the choice of monarch, Ren Xian is not a concubine. At the same time, the concept and system of governing the country according to law in the Shang Martingale Transformation Law made the monarch of the Qin State no longer chaotic.
The history of the Qin State is a history of war between blood and fire, which can survive the Spring and Autumn Period without falling, stand out among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and annex the world. This is indeed inseparable from the vigorous efforts of the kings of the Qin Dynasty. In the era when China's monarch is strong, the Qin state has produced eight consecutive generations of Ming jun, which can be said to be the only one in the entire long river of history.