In 1716, the tokugawa family, the seventh shogun of the Edo shogunate, died at the age of eight, and Tokugawa Yoshimune, the lord of the Kishu domain, was admitted to the throne with the support of the sixth shogun Godaisho Tenei-in and others.
But he inherited the mess of financial embarrassment, so in his office, he carried out a series of reforms, strict economy, and strengthened trade with foreign countries in a certain procedure. And stabilized the price of rice, by the people affectionately known as general rice.
After the eighth shogun Ieji of the ninth shogun Ieji, Tanuma took the reins of power, and he saw that Yoshimune's policy of throttling did not improve the shogunate's income much, so he began another type of reform.
He not only vigorously explored undeveloped areas, but also vigorously developed the commodity economy and developed many tax sources. Whether he is a businessman or a farmer, as long as he has talent and can make more money, he can be in a high position.
Under his mercantilism, Japan developed for twenty years and achieved great success. But it has also accumulated deep contradictions.
On one side are the hereditary warriors who can eat even if their heads are less than two tendons;
On the one hand are businessmen who have made a fortune by their own talents and hard work;
It is said that business talents represent the direction of social progress, right?
(Stills of shogunate merchants)
However, the Tokugawa shogunate was the shogunate of the samurai, and the samurai were the cornerstone of the overall system. If the cornerstone is loosened, the shogunate will not survive.
At the same time, after having money, the lights are red and green, and the society is flashy. In the past, he talked about doing things and talking about face, but now he also talks about silver, and the samurai who have learned benevolence and morality since childhood have given Numata Yoshiji the name of a villain. The shoguns and the daimyōs were in contact with each other and were in a hurry.
Later, Tokugawa Ieji's son died violently, and Tokugawa Ieji also died in 1786. Rumor has it that both were victims of Tanuma Yoshiji.
The question is, Ieji is Tanuma's patron, what is the motive for killing him?
Therefore, future historians pay more attention to who benefits from the death of the family.
The biggest beneficiaries were the Tokugawa Osamu and Iechi father and son of the Gosan-Ichibashi family.
At the age of 14, Jia Qi became the eleventh generation general, and his father took control of him. He swept Tanuma out of the house, activated Matsudaira Nobunaga, and carried out the so-called leniency reform.
In "O'O Japan", it is said that the main practices are: rectifying the program and discipline, tightening finances, negating mercantilism, and returning to heavy peasantism.
Look at the specific measures to see how unreliable his reforms are:
Issuing a renunciation order, the debts of high-ranking samurai families such as the Qiben and the Imperial Family are written off if they have not been paid off for more than six years; if they are not paid off within five years, the interest is reduced;
The wife of a merchant is not allowed to invite a hairbrower to the house to weave braids;
When the paper of the sliding doors and windows is replaced, only the low-grade ones are allowed;
Daughter's Day toys, not allowed to use high-grade...
In other words, from samurai to small people, the standard of living needs to be lowered by several levels.
He thought that in this way, with diligence and thrift, the socio-economic situation would improve.
He also didn't want to think that once there was no heart for comparison, everyone was just as uninteresting, who would be willing to work hard and create wealth?
The result is naturally a lack of production, a difficult flow of goods, a reduction in taxes, and a tighter finance.
The point is, he put his hand, to The Great Ao.
(Stills of Da'ao)
Ōo, the harem daughter of General Tokugawa.
They lived in luxury, received high salaries, were generous, and could use up a quarter of the shogunate's revenue. Supposedly, there is indeed a need for rectification. Moreover, from the general's family, the name is justified, and the upward and downward effects can be fully effective.
The problem is that if you want to do things well, you have to take it step by step.
If you even have to manage the length of the letter box rope of the female officials of the University, it is too trivial, and it does not talk about the art of leadership at all- you can set a cost reduction goal for them every year, let them think for themselves, where to reduce it better.
In addition, the general's wet nurse was in charge of Da'ao at this time, and he actually wanted to depose her...
His change, which lasted for six years, did not greatly improve the lives of the samurai and peasants, and offended the women of The Great Ori.
So, the Tokugawa Iemitsu father and son thought of a way.
Ieki was a shogun who succeeded to the Tokugawa clan, and his father was theoretically a former shogun. Biological father can only be called uncle. But he wanted his father to become a great imperial palace that only an abdicated general could do. This caused dissatisfaction among Matsudaira's dingshin.
Because he obeyed Zhu Zixue, in the process of his transformation, other doctrines, including Orchidology, western science and medicine transmitted by the Dutch, became heretics. As a staunch Confucian scholar, he naturally could not have agreed to such a thing happening.
Conflicts are also difficult to avoid.
Since you can't be consistent with the general, you have to leave.
(Jiajing Emperor stills)
When the column saw this, did he remember the great ceremonial discussion incident during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty? It was precisely through this incident that the young Zhu Houxi not only raised his father's status, but also struck at some old courtiers and stabilized his throne.
Come to think of it, for this matter more than two hundred years ago, the general's father and son, have all learned it, right?
After 1793, Matsudaira returned to his Shirakawa Domain and managed the domain in an orderly manner.
36 years later, Matsudaira died at the age of 71.
It can only be said that he is more than enough to be a county order, but as an "inspector", he will not be able to catch it.