The sound of excavations of the emperor's tombs has been quite loud lately. Earlier, some people suggested excavating the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and listing the reason N. Because some experts said that there were 500 tons of jewelry buried below, some people also moved the idea of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian jointly burying the tomb Qianling. With the sound of "digging the graves of the ancestors", today I will talk about the opening of the Ming Ding Mausoleum under the red-headed documents of the Chinese mainland in the 1950s...
Zhu Yijun , known in history as the Wanli Emperor , was the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the third son of Emperor Muzong of Ming. In 1572, at the age of 10, he began to become emperor, and by 1620 he died of illness, reigning for 48 years. Wanli is its era name, temple number Shenzong, nickname "Fan Tianhe Dao Zhe Su Dun Jian Guang Article Wu An Ren Zhi Xiao Xian Emperor". There were two empresses, Xiaoduan and Xiaojing, and Dingling was the joint tomb of him and the two empresses.
The excavation of Dingling broke ground in May 1956, and by the end of July 1958, the clean-up work was basically completed. In September, the martyrdom of the Wanli Emperor walked out of the underground palace and climbed the Shenwu Gate Tower of the Forbidden City to display it to the public. On the morning of September 30, 1959, Wang Qi, a migrant worker who had shoveled the first shovel of Dingling Tomb, received instructions from the director of the museum office:
"The museum is about to open, and now that the copied coffin has been made, the original coffin is useless." You take a few people to the dungeon to clean up, and carry out the coffins so that the leaders can come to check the cleanliness. ”
Several employees surrounded the coffin, tried to take the copper rings around them, and swung a pickaxe to split it. Wang Qiqi watched as four huge brass rings sounded and fell to the ground, and a trace of sorrow inexplicably swept through his heart. "Director, the coffin can't be split anymore, find a corner and put it in." Wang Qiqi said almost pleadingly.
The director was busy preparing for the reception, and Chong Wang qi narrowed his eyes and said a chilling sentence: "Do you want to stay for yourself?" ”
With a "bang", Wang's brain seemed to explode. He pressed his anger, exited the office, and returned to his wooden room to smoke a smouldering cigarette.
Dozens of guard fighters followed the director to the coffin. "Everybody worked hard and threw these wooden boards at me." The warriors, under the command of the director, shouted trumpets and lifted the heavy coffin to the treasure city. With the director's majestic command "Throw--", the warriors used their strength in unison, and three huge coffins were thrown off the wall and rolled into the ravine.
A week later, the news of the coffin being thrown away reached Xia Nai's ears. The master, trembling and pale, kept walking around the room and immediately called the museum to retrieve the coffin and protect it. However, the empty valley has long since disappeared from the coffin.
When the bones of the empress encounter "revolution"
In 1966, the "unprecedented proletarian" Cultural Revolution "began, and Dingling was unable to escape the palm of the Red Guards. After browsing the scenery on the ground, they were full of excitement to enter the underground palace and smash the old nest of the feudal dynasty for hundreds of years.
"Hand over the warehouse key, we're going to catch Wanli!" W, a 20-year-old female docent, gave orders to Li Yajuan, the warehouse keeper. The boxes were opened one by one, only to see the bones of the Wanli Emperor and Empress lying intact inside.
The three corpses were placed in the square in front of the Big Red Gate of the Dingling Museum, and the W organized personnel to carry out the fight. In addition to the bones, there was also a box of portraits and photographs of the empress and other archival "incriminating evidence", which were carried out along with the bones. When the three portraits of the empress were cleaned up in the underground palace, the excavation team member Cao Guojian carefully painted them, and the gold powder on the portrait alone used as much as two or two.
In order to show the extraordinary momentum of this great and unusual criticism meeting, W made a special and elaborate arrangement. She sent people to the Changling Management Office, the Changling Supply and Marketing Cooperative, the forest farm, the grain station, the school and other units to contact and ask them to send people to show their support. At the same time, some people suggested that after the end of the criticism, the bones of the empress should be smashed and burned to show the determination and courage to carry the revolution through to the end.
W immediately decided and clapped his hands in favor. At 2:15 p.m., the square inside the Dingling Cemetery was already crowded. In addition to the invited personnel of several units, there were also peasants, Red Guards, and students from the nearby countryside, and people came one after another, no matter what the motive, they all witnessed this painful history.
The three corpses were neatly arranged together. The bones of the Wanli Emperor were in the middle, and the two empresses were separated on either side. Around it are piled up physical "incriminating evidence" such as portraits and photographs of the empress. When everything was ready, W began to take the lead in shouting revolutionary slogans: "Down with the royalists!" ......
As soon as the slogan ended, W shouted at the crowd: "The revolution begins now!" As soon as the words fell, a dozen big men threw the stones in their arms for too long and threw them at the bones. With a "crackling" sound, the three corpses were struck to pieces, and they were in a mess.
The crowd began to surge, surprised, confused, numb, admired, rejoiced... All kinds of eyes shot at W in unison. W's heart was hot, and he immediately ordered the people around him: "Set them on fire!"
At the sound of an order, the flames rose up, and the square was a sea of fire. The firewood accompanied by the bones of the corpse "snapped" in the flames, as if it were moaning, and as if it was resisting. Soot was scattered and raised, and there was a pungent smell in the air. With a thunderclap, heavy rain poured down. The burning bones floated in the rushing water, merging with the overturned earth and returning to the vast expanse of nature.
Seven Lives: The Curse of the Coffin
In the autumn of 1990, when we came to Dingling to salvage fragments of history, we heard a terrible and puzzling news: the coffin that was thrown away was picked up by local farmers, and seven people died for it.
In 1959, after the coffins of Wanli and the two queens were thrown into a ravine outside Boseong, they were snatched up by nearby farmers that afternoon. Everyone saw this coffin, which was stripped on the surface but was intact, as if it were a treasure. There was an elderly couple who specially used this precious nan wood to make a coffin for later. After the first coffin was made, the old lady stomped her legs and returned to heaven; the second one had just been completed, and the old man also cried out for his life, less than half a month ago.
Five months later, an even more mysterious and terrifying story took place.
Among the commune members who picked up coffins, farmers in Yuling Village XX harvested the most. When the coffin was thrown down in Boseong, he and his wife were working on the hillside outside the mausoleum wall. Realizing that this was a rare good wood, he immediately took action, and together with his wife, he pulled the large and thick golden silk nan wooden boards into his field with a drag, and found someone to make two lying cabinets and place them in the hall house in a dignified manner. The villagers warned jealously: "The emperor's things are not something that can be used casually, if you don't have that blessing, you can't afford it, and you will take your life..." These words, XX did not pay attention to it. Soon, tragedy really happened.
It was noon on a Sunday, and when XX and his wife were returning home from work covered in muddy water, they suddenly found that their four children were missing. When the couple turned around and returned to the house, they suddenly found four pairs of small shoes lying on the side of the cabinet. The two quickly opened the lid of the cabinet, only to see 4 children squeezing each other, already dead. The children's fingers were oozing blood from the roots, and the walls of the cabinets were covered with scratch marks. After a detailed analysis of the causes of death of four children (3 boys and 1 woman, the oldest 12 years old and the youngest girl only 5 years old), the local public security personnel concluded that they were "dying of hypoxia".
After the death of 4 children, the couple gave birth to 4 more in just a few years (this time 3 women and 1 man). Sadly and confusingly, his only son, who had recently graduated from high school and failed to fulfill his ambitions, mysteriously died on a quiet late night lying on a cabinet. It is said that he died of carbon monoxide poisoning caused by burning coal.
We walked into the house, in the damp and dark hall, two vermilion lacquered cabinets lying against the wall, like two coffins, creepy. XX's sister took the initiative to come forward to tell the tragic scene 30 years ago: "There is an iron hook between the cabinet cover and the cabinet wall, the cabinet cover can be locked after the lid is tight, the children must be in the lying cabinet to make trouble, but the lid automatically falls, and the hook is just hanging." In this way, no matter how you shout and struggle inside, there is only one way to die. ”
When we asked XX why he didn't throw away the reclining cabinet, his sister said, "I see everything is predestined." Without this cabinet, 5 children may not be able to keep..."
After a turn, he returned to his life.
For half a century, the right and wrong of the excavation of this imperial tomb has been controversial. In addition to the fact that a large number of priceless treasures cannot be preserved and important cultural relics have been destroyed, it is also a great pity that many mysterious cultural signals and cultural phenomena have not been recorded.
To the surprise of the archaeological community, or to the shock, it was this wrong excavation that revealed a great secret, that is, the "burial style" after the death of the emperor, that is, the posture of the body in the coffin.
As far as the general common sense of archaeology is concerned, the excavation of the mausoleum must pay attention to the first is the body of the tomb owner, and the second is the text that can prove the identity of the tomb owner, rather than the funerary products of gold and silver treasures. Therefore, the opening of the coffin is generally the last and most important archaeological procedure, and the requirements are quite strict, and the coffin will be opened only in the presence of the main expert or the chief official. Dingling, as a first-class imperial tomb, its excavation process is also extremely careful, and the experts and leaders involved in the archaeology of Dingling are cautious about the opening of the coffin.
At that time, after the excavators carefully opened the coffin, the experts at the scene were surprised .
Zhu Yijun's bones were placed on a brocade quilt, and the brocade was separated on both sides to cover the body. The corpse was lying on its back on its head and feet, its muscles had decayed, leaving only the skeleton. Facing upwards, the top of the head is slightly tilted to the right, the right arm is bent upwards, the hand is placed on the right side of the head, the left arm is drooping, slightly bent inward, and the hand is placed on the abdomen. Hold a string of rosaries in your hand. The right leg is slightly bent, the left leg is straight out, and the feet are thrown outward.
After filial piety, the corpse was placed on a woven gold satin quilt, which was folded up on both sides to cover the body. The body was decomposing, the skeleton head west and east, lying facing the right side, with the left arm drooping and the hand on the waist. The right arm is straight down. The feet overlap, with the left foot on top and the right foot on the bottom.
After filial piety, the body was also placed on the brocade quilt, which was folded up on both sides to cover the body. The body had rotted, leaving only the skeleton, with the feet placed east. Lie slightly to the right, bend your right arm upwards, and put your hands under your head. The left arm is drooping and the hand is placed on the waist of the body.
The placement of Zhu Yijun and his empress's corpses in such a posture was truly shocking to discover. No one has seen the emperor's burial style before, and in the existing data, what kind of posture the emperor's body was placed after his death has always been a secret. According to traditional funeral customs, outsiders should avoid it when entering the coffin, even if they are around them, only a very small number of relatives can see it, so there is no written record of this aspect. Dingling revealed a great secret and a great surprise to the archaeological community, which may be one of the biggest gains from this erroneous excavation.
The reason why Zhu Yijun's corpse posture exposes a big secret, one is that the posture of the corpse in the imperial coffin is a mystery for eternity, which has now been unveiled and fills a historical gap; second, because its posture is too strange, completely inconsistent with the traditional "upright burial on his back", and the information it contains should also be profound. Why does Zhu Yijun lie on his side with bent limbs in the coffin? Has it ever been touched? Experts have been puzzled.
The excavated cultural relics are crowned on the top and phoenix crowns on the bottom
Shi Zai, twenty-three years after the Wanli Calendar, dingling has been built for five years, and Liu Shiting, the eleventh grandson of the founding hero and feng shui master Liu Bowen, still said on the song, "The Dragon's Den of Dayu Mountain Shougong is not true." It should be known that Zhu Yuanzhang's xiaoling tomb in Nanjing is the site chosen by Liu Bowen, and Liu Shiting's feng shui theory should be an ancestral art.
Sure enough, 24 years later, Li Zicheng attacked Daming's capital and later let the Guanwai Manchus take away Jiangshan. After the ming dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, it was another three hundred years, which is the last word.
What is even more coincidental and more miraculous is that three hundred years later, Liu Shiting's words were fulfilled again - the Dingling Tomb was excavated by New China. If you want to say that retribution is really a little, the bones of Zhu Yijun and the empress were dragged out of the underground palace by the same unbelieving Red Guards during the "ten years of turmoil", and burned after "breaking superstitions", the feng shui of Dayu Mountain is really a bit unlucky.
From the original site selection, to the excavation three hundred years later, retribution, coincidence or coincidence, Dingling is sure that there are too many mysteries, I can't help you not sigh!
Although many rare treasures have been unearthed, the Ming Ding Tomb is like the curse of the Chinese pharaoh, and the strange things really cannot be explained. Since then, the non-initiative to excavate the imperial tomb has become a clear rule in the archaeological community.