Rare tree species unique to southwest China - round-leaved tiannu flower and Xikang tiannu flower
Text: Mr. Hanaki
"Tsuen Lee Ji Lan"
[Tang] Kyaukran
The goddess of heaven came to try it out and dyed the flowers.
Zen heart can not afford it, and still holds the old flowers back.
Kyaukran (c. 720 – c. 803) was a famous poet and monk of the Middle And Tang Dynasties, and this poem of thanks was written to Li Ye (c. 730 – 784), one of the "Four Great Female Poets of the Tang Dynasty". The Biography of Tang Caizi, Volume II, and Li Jilan records: "Ji Lan, Mingye, YiXing, Xia Zhongren, female Daoist also." Beautiful posture, relaxed look, concentrated on Han mo, good at playing the piano, especially gong ge law." Li Ye was a poet in his childhood, and at the age of 11, he was sent by his parents to Yuzhenguan to become a female Taoist monk, and had contacts with many scribes, among which he was very compatible with the poet monk Jiaoran and the tea saint Lu Yuyi. In his later years, he was summoned to the palace, and was later ordered by Emperor Dezong of Tang to be killed by Emperor Dezong of Tang for rebelling against the general Zhu Zhu.
Li Yesheng was romantic, loved to be elegant, and probably had a lot of affection for Kyaukran, so he wrote to Kyaukran and wrote a poem "Jiesu Fish Mussel Friend": "The ruler is like residual snow, and it is married to a double carp." To know what is in your heart, read the book in your belly. However, Kyaukran was devoted to the Buddha, so he gave a pun to thank him, stating his heart and indicating that he had no heart red dust.
The poem quotes the allusion to the "Scattered Flowers of the Heavenly Daughters", which comes from the Vimala Sutra and the Seventh Reader's Life: "When there was a woman in the Vimala Room, she saw that the adults heard what they said, and appeared in their bodies, that is, on the bodhisattvas and the great disciples of Tianhua, the bodhisattvas of Hua to the great disciples were all depraved, and the eldest disciples did not fall. All disciples' divine power cannot be made to go. To the effect that the Buddha asked the Heavenly Daughter to enlighten the Buddha's disciple, the Buddha, the Heavenly Daughter said: "If the practice is not exhausted, the flower is fixed; the person who has completed the practice cannot spend the body." Knowing that his practice was still shallow, Sariputta studied harder and harder. Kyaukran uses this allusion "flowers do not stick to the body" to show that he has a dust edge.
This story is only the introduction to this article, "Tiannu Scattered Flowers" is a very beautiful Buddhist story, which was later often used as a theme for aria painting by the literati inkers, and subsequently became an allusive adjective used in daily life. In the plant world, some flowers are very beautiful and magical, so people take it as their name. Among them, there is a genus of the Magnolia family that is specially named "Tiannu Genus", and there are two rare and beautiful flowers unique to China, which are round-leaved Tiannu flower and Xikang Tiannu flower, which we will briefly introduce below.
I. Introduction of species of the genus Tiannu in China (refer to "Flora of China" and "Plant Intelligence")
The genus Oyama (Nakai) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu is a genus of ranales and magnoliaceae. Originally classified as ranunculaceae, magnolia family, and magnolia family (Trib. Magnolieae), Subtrib. Magnoliinae), Magnolia, Subgenus Magnolia. Magnolia's Sect. Oyama Nakai, Fl.Sylv. Kor.), Chinese previously called "Mulan", is now classified separately as a genus, so Chinese scientific name is called "Tiannu Flower". At the same time, the reader may notice that there is also a difference in latin genus names, which used to be "Magnolia", and now "Oyama", which is actually a synonym.
Common features of magnolia: small deciduous trees or shrubs; bark is usually gray, twigs are ring-shaped, and the leaves are scarred; the peduncle is slender, and the flowers are prostrate, drooping, drooping, or flattened when the flowers are in full bloom; the stamens are red, the medicine septum is bluntly rounded or slightly concave, and does not protrude; the polymer fruit is drooping, and the leaf back is gray-green or pale, and it is softly hairy.
There are 4 species in the genus Lycaena, native to East and Southeast Asia. It is distributed in China, namely O. globosa Hook. f. etThoms. Fl. Ind.), O. sieboldii K. Koch), O. Sieboldii (O. Koch), O. Koch sinensis (Rehd. et Wils.) Stapf) and the West Consortia (O. wilsonii (Finet etGagnep.) Rehd.）。 These four kinds of Tiannu flower were listed in the "China Biodiversity Red List and Higher Plant Volume" in 2013, of which the round-leaved Tiannuhua and Xikang Tiannuhua are rare species unique to China, and we will introduce them below.
Second, the morphological distribution of the round-leaved Tiannu and Xikang Tiannu flowers
1. Round-leaved Pyrrhus
【Plant】Deciduous shrub, up to 6 meters tall, the bark is light brown, the branches are slender, the branches of the year are young, pale gray-yellow, and the first gray-yellow hairs are flat and long hairs. Biennial branches are off-white or pale yellow. Leaves papery, inverted ovate, broadly inverted ovate or inverted ovate oval, sparsely nearly round;
【Flowers】Flowers and leaves open at the same time, blunt white, fragrant, cup-shaped, diameter 8-12 (-15) cm, peduncle length 3-5 cm, initially dense by pale yellow flat long soft hairs, bent downwards, hanging drooping flowers; flower trowel 9 (10); filament purple red; pistil group green, narrow oval oval shape.
【Fruit】Polymeric fruit red, oblong cylindrical; beak with outer curvature; bright red seed coat, black inner seed coat, nearly heart-shaped. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruit period is from September to October.
【Origin】It is produced in the forest at an altitude of 2600 meters in the central and northern parts of Sichuan (Tianquan, Lushan, Wenchuan and other regions).
2. Xikang Tiannu Flower
【Plant】Deciduous shrub or small tree, rarely up to 8 meters tall, the bark is gray-brown, with obvious skin holes, the branches of the year are purple and red at the beginning of the brown long soft hair, the old branches are gray. The leaves are papery, oval-ovate, or oblong-ovate.
【Flowers】Flowers and leaves open at the same time, white, aromatic, cup-shaped, blooming into a dish, diameter 10-12 cm, peduncle drooping, 1.5-5 cm long, covered with brown long hairs; flower disc 9 (12); stamens purple red; filaments short, red; pistil group green, ovate cylindrical.
【Fruit】 The fruit is droopy, cylindrical, red when ripe, then purple-brown, and the beak is beaked; the seed is inverted ovoid. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruit period is from September to October.
【Origin】It is produced in the mountains and forests of central and western Sichuan and northern Yunnan at an altitude of 1 900-3 300 meters.
Third, the identification and appreciation of the round-leaved Tiannu and xikang tiannu flowers
【Difference】
(Xikang Tiannu Flower)
1. Leaves: The leaves of the round-leaved Dzongnu flower are relatively wide, with a leaf width of more than 6 cm; the leaves of the Xikang Tiannu flower are mostly 3 to 5 cm wide. The round-leaved Tiannu flower is covered with pale grayish yellow long soft hairs, the midrib, lateral veins and petioles are covered with pale yellow flat and long soft hairs; the underside of the Xikang Tiannu flower is densely covered with silver gray flat and long soft hairs, and the hairs in the middle and lateral veins are often brown.
2. Leaf marks: The leaf marks of the round-leaved Tiannu flower are about 2/3 of the length of the petiole; the leaf marks of the Xikang Tiannu flower are 4/5-5/6 of the petiole length.
(Round-leaved Temporane)
3, flowers: all have aroma, round leaf Tiannu flower cup shape, Xikang Tiannu flower initial cup shape, bloom into a dish shape. Round-leaved Tiannu flower is shorter than the outer wheel of the outer wheel, and the inner two wheels are larger; the outer wheel of the Xikang Tiannu flower is nearly equal to the inner two wheels.
【Appreciation】
Tennō is one of the four species of Tennō flower, all of which are famous ornamental tree species in gardens at home and abroad, and are famous for their white flowers and extraordinarily fragrant flowers. And magnolia of the magnolia family, a famous ornamental tree species of magnolia. The difference between magnolia is that the flowering period of magnolia is mostly spring, and the flowers are mostly upwards, which is thriving.
(Magnolia)
(Magnolia)
The flowering period of the genus Tiannu is late, mostly in spring and summer, and the flowers open downwards, most of them are white and flawless, the filaments are red and purple, the flowers are large, beautiful, fragrant, and particularly fragrant. Just like the nine days of fairies, Ling Bo micro-steps, mimosa low hanging, flying hands scattered flowers, falling colorful, hanging but not falling, fragrant, fragrant, quite "heavenly girl scattered flowers" beauty, so worthy of the name.
The genus was first discovered as the hairy-leaved Quiche, which was named as early as 1855. However, the most famous is the Xikang Tiannu flower, Xikang Tiannu flower is a unique species in China, by the famous plant hunter, known in the West as "the person who opened the garden of western China" British botanist Henry Wilson, found in China's original provincial administrative region of Xikang Province, was introduced into the British Botanical Garden cultivation, and in 1913 named and published, followed by Europe, North America as a horticultural ornamental introduction cultivation.
Fourth, the conservation status of the round-leaved tiannu flower and the Xikang tiannu flower
Since the dried bark of magnolia and concave-leaved magnolia is the raw material of the famous Chinese medicinal herb Magnolia, other species of Magnolia are often used as substitutes. For example, the round-leaved Tiannu flower is harvested into Magnolia medicinal materials, and people often peel it and take materials, while the bark of the Xikang Tiannu Flower is also cut for medicinal purposes, called "Chuan Jiang Pu", which is a substitute for Magnolia. As a result, many plants have died, so that plants are becoming scarcer and endangered.
So far, however, the species of the genus Celestial Flower have lacked effective protection. In 2013, all four species of gastroflora were included in the Red List of Biodiversity of China and The Volume of Higher Plants, and in the 2019 updated edition of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN), the round-leaved pyrifolia, the Xikang pyrifolia and the hairy-leaved pyrifolia were rated as vulnerable (VU) and the colouliflower as near-threatened (NT).
Round-leaved Tiannu flower and Xikang Tiannu flower are relatively primitive tree species of the genus Magnolia family, and are also rare species unique to China, which are only distributed in a few areas of Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan, and are also unique plant resources in China, which have important scientific value for the study of the phylogeny of the Magnolia family. And the goddess flower is not only of high quality material, bud bark, etc. can be used in medicine, and the tree posture is beautiful, the flowers are large and beautiful, the smell is fragrant, and it is one of the beautiful tree species cultivated in the garden ornamental cultivation, with high ornamental value.
Therefore, it is hoped that the relevant departments can take effective measures to protect the limited natural plant resources and carry out large-scale breeding and cultivation, so that the scattered flowers of the goddess can decorate our beautiful home.
(Some of the pictures originate from the Internet, if there is infringement contact to delete)
2021/12/14 Easy to flower wood