On one occasion, the tea man Senritsu entertained Kiyomasa Kato. Before the tea party, Rishi asked to leave the saber outside the tea room, but Kiyomasa flatly refused: "The sword is the soul of the samurai, and you must not leave your body for a moment." Qianlixiu was silent and began to quietly operate the tea.
When ordering tea, the tea kettle suddenly overturned, the hot water poured on the stove, the charcoal ash splashed, the sound was thunderous, and Kiyomasa Kato flew out in panic and fled. Filled with fireworks, Senritsu said in a loud voice, "Kato-den, you have fallen into the soul of a samurai." ”
Tea Zen taste.
The Japanese tea ceremony, in the final analysis, is actually Zen, and has nothing to do with the debate between matcha and bud tea, and the difference between kung fu tea is like the end of the world. Tea is only the skin phase, the essence of the bones is the four words of "harmony and respect", and the purpose of the tea ceremony is the aesthetic pursuit of "侘".
"Summer should be cool, winter should be warm, charcoal should be boiled with water, and tea should be delicious." To be able to do this is to attain enlightenment. Qianlixiu said.
If there is trouble in your heart, take tea and go.
Sen no Rikyu Statue By Tohaku Kayagawa
The origin of tea drinking in Japan is very early, and in the first year of The balance (729), it is recorded that Emperor Shengmu ordered hundreds of monks to recite the Prajnaparamita Sutra and give tea to comfort them. The real introduction of tea was the ancestor of the Linji Sect in the Kamakura period, Rongxi, who returned to Japan with tea seeds and wrote the "Record of Eating Tea Health" and introduced tea-making techniques to Japan.
In the early kamakura to Muromachi period, the popular tea party in Japan was a tea fighting party that imitated the Tang and Song dynasties, called "tea consortia". At that time, Japan called the tea produced in Yamashiro Kunibame "Honcha", and the tea produced in other places was called "non-tea". When fighting tea, drinkers should drink more than ten cups to distinguish between their respective "original non- and water products".
A tea party in the Southern and Northern Dynasties rewarded tens of millions of gambling funds, and the Taiping Chronicle was evaluated as "abandoning gold in the mud and sinking jade in the abyss". The Hosokawa Kiyoshi clan and the general Ashikaga Yoshinori had a rift because of the tea fighting, and even defected to the Southern Dynasty, leading to immeasurable killing and immeasurable life and death.
Tea drinking during this period, such as the cocktail party of later generations, after drinking, whispered: "Lafite, 82 years old." "It is just one of the means by which the idle class throws away gold and jade to show that it has money." Like the author, who has no money and no leisure, at most, he can distinguish sprite in 82 years.
Tea is bound to Zen, and on the path of seeking the path is Murata Zhuguang, a disciple of Linji Zen master Ichigo Jongjun.
Yi Xiu was a Zen master, and there was a famous public case that said that someone had learned Zen from Yi Xiu, and he asked a lot of questions and expressed many opinions. Without a word, he poured tea for the visitors, and the tea overflowed without stopping. The guest reminded him, and Ichigo replied: Your head is like this tea cup, full of your own ideas, how can you put something new.
A break is used to drinking tea, and the tea people all the way to the trip. One day, a break suddenly asked a road: "There is a way through all the laws, how is it a road?" All the way, he immediately replied: "Everything is rested, how can it be a rest?" "The zen ethos is that it likes to play the machine and open an epiphany, and later many of the rituals in the tea ceremony are actually inherited from the Zen way, paying attention to an enlightenment word. Nichiren resents this clever trick and bluntly says that Zen Buddhism is the devil.
Ichigo Munjo pure statue Mokkei as collection of the Nara National Museum
How is the Tao, black beads across the night. Or as such a solution, drink every tea and eat when you eat. The matter is so simple, always enlightened, it is easy to fall into the fire, Nichiren's criticism actually has its own reason.
Murata Washiko, the founder of Tsuba Tea, became a monk at an early age and studied tea ceremony in Sanjo, Kyoto. At that time, Ichigo was hanging orders at Daitoku-ji Temple, and Pearls was famous for visiting the master and visiting Zen. Ichigo Tsuyoshizu was quite instrumental in Murata Zhuguang and passed on the autograph ink treasure of the Zen ancestor Yuanwu Keqin to Zhuguang. Yuan Wu Keqin was a famous Zen monk in the Northern Song Dynasty of China, and his biyan lu is a classic of Zen Buddhism. Yi Xiu transferred his ink to pearles, which has the meaning of secret teaching, which is the origin of the saying that "ink marks opened the mountain" in the history of the tea ceremony.
Zhu Guang hangs the ancestor's ink in the tea room, and drinks tea such as Wu Zen, and the tea ceremony is zen at home. The pearl-designed tea room is only four and a half stacks, with a simple shape, like a grass temple, and the tea it opens pursues a dry and quiet style, borrowing tea soup to participate in Zen. He elaborated that the purpose of the tea ceremony is to keep the heart, to be a Buddha with the heart, and the Buddha and I are the same.
Murata's tea ceremony was passed on to Takeno Shou through his disciple Munakata. Takeno was a famous Wagyu master at that time, who was a master of singing and tea ceremony, a gongqing samurai, and a rich merchant and a giant merchant, who threw himself into the door and became his disciple. Among them are the three famous tea people, Imai Munehisa, Tsuda Munakata, and Senritsu, and especially Senritsu is the first in the world.
Takeno Shogull
Senritsu was a tea ceremony master of the Azuchi Momoyama period, a Japanese tea sage, born in the second year of Ōnaga (1522), and the next year will be exactly 500 years old. Compared to Lu Yu, Senritsu's transformation of the Japanese Spirit Spirit was all-round. The so-called "harmony and respect for silence", the so-called "annihilation", is about picking flowers and smiling, and the gods and Buddhas have nothing to do with me.
Senritsu's grandfather, Chiami, was a close friend of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa who fled the Onin Rebellion and moved to Sakai City. From the title of grandfather Ami, it can be seen that the Qianjia family was born into the monastic class of the Shizong. Shizong is a new Buddhism in Kamakura, which was founded once and again, advocating dancing while chanting the Buddha, just like the filter goddess of vibrato, very popular with otaku, with traffic and rewards, and the income far exceeds the poor acid big V that knows. When Senritsu was born, his family had washed his hands and landed, transforming into one of Sakai's congregations, just like the transformation of Internet celebrities into micro-businesses, the flow of cash into real money and silver, Fubi Shi Chong, and Kuo Chao Wang Kai.
Senritsu's maiden name is Yushiro, the dharma name Ishime, and Ritsugu's title is that he later offered tea to Emperor Masanomicho, and the emperor gave him the title of a layman, before which he had been calling himself Chimune. Qianlixiu has money and leisure, and he is eager to learn, he has studied tea art since he was a child, and later worshiped under the door of Takeno Shoou to experience the essence of tea Zen.
Statue of Emperor Shokocho
It is said that Takeno Shoo asked Rishi to clean the courtyard one day. When Li Xiu came to the courtyard, he found that the ground was spotless, not even leaves, so he went to the tree, gently shook off a yellow flower, and calmly returned to his life. The spirit of Zen is like this, seeing the true chapter in the subtleties, realizing that you have become a Buddha, and not realizing that you can beat Vajra with a stick.
In the first year of Koji (1555), Takeno Shou died, and Senritsu became the world's premier tea man. In the twelfth year of Nagatoshi (1569), Oda Nobunaga included Sakai City, and Senritsu, Imai Sohisa, and Tsuda Munakata were hired by Nobunaga as representatives of the townspeople. Since then, the silence of The Tea has been entangled with the Samurai Gangfeng, and the samurai Zen that has fallen like a cherry blossom has been born.
The biggest difference between Azuchi Momoyama and other eras is that the social leaders of the Momoyama period were the newly established samurai class and the rich merchants engaged in overseas trade, that is, the rise of the machi people's power. The tea people, led by Senritsu, exist around samurai who share common interests as representatives of the townspeople. In other words, the Momoyama era was a golden age of continuous openness and courage and progress, combined with powerful military generals and rich merchant capital, and culturally manifested in the coexistence of extravagant and spicy golden splendor and idyllic and clean grass-an burrows. This contradictory social situation ceased to exist after the Edo lockup, and the class of scholars, farmers, and merchants solidified, and if the townspeople sought a way up from lying flat, they first had to eat a samurai master's cuts.
To some extent, The collaboration between Senritsu and Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi symbolizes the mutual promotion of the confluence of samurai and machiya. The death of Ritsuki was the inevitable end of the machi people's forces forced to bow their heads under the katana blade. In the Edo period, the tea ceremony of the Ohori Yuanshu flowed in vain, and it became in vain a kind of literary art approved by the rulers, losing its muscles and bones and leaving only its skin.
The top of the tea and sword hand in hand between the machi and the samurai is naturally Kitano DaichaYu.
On October 1, 1587, in the fifteenth year of Tenshō (1587), Toyotomi Hideyoshi held a grand tea party at Kitano Tenmangu Shrine to celebrate the pacification of Kyushu and the completion of Juraku. The tea party lasts for ten days, but anyone who is enthusiastic about the tea ceremony, whether it is a courtier or a machiya, only needs to prepare a tea kettle, a fishing bucket, and a drink to come to participate in the tea party. Seats of your choice in the pine forest are laid with tatami mats or straw mats. No matter how noble or low, as long as you visit Hideyoshi's tea party, you can get The tea from Guan Bai in front of Hideyoshi.
During the tea party, the audience is like a cloud, flocking to the elk, innumerable. The tea party was one after another, reaching as many as 800 seats, the most dazzling of which was Guan Bai's own golden tea room. Such a lavish scene is incompatible with the tea that Senritsu admires, and Hideyoshi's bad taste and Rishio's teaman style and bones are thus contradicted.
Kitano Big Tea Soup
As far as the tea ceremony is concerned, one tea kettle is enough. However, the samurai who pursues magnificence do not think so, and the shoulder punch of The Wood, the shoulder punch of Nitta, the teapot Mikazuki, and Matsushima are all valuable, rich and noble enemies. The most famous is probably Matsunaga's flat spider tea kettle, Matsunaga can't give up this strange and rare tea set, and will not hesitate to destroy it with it. This practice of spending huge sums of money to inflate one's own value is in conflict with the tea ceremony of Qianli Xiu's retirement.
The tea set is the prop of the tea ceremony, and the tea ceremony is the prop that helps people to practice. Forgetting the original purpose of cultivation and blindly hoping for a rare tea set is not a manifestation of giving up the original and ending up. In Ritsu's view, the rare tea set collected by Nobunaga and Hideyoshi at great expense can be used to set off the pure beauty of idleness and simplicity, and the so-called autumn leaves bloom to appreciate the autumn of Depression. This attitude of Senritsu, which was like an upstart Toyotomi Hideyoshi, could not be understood in any way.
There are two well-known stories between Rishi and Hideyoshi. Hideyoshi heard that the morning glory flowers in Senritsu's house were in full bloom, and he was very eager and offered to go and enjoy the flowers. The next day he went to the courtyard of Li xiu's house, but found that the courtyard was clean and there were not a single flower. Hideyoshi angrily walked through the courtyard into the tea room, only to see the only morning glory flower obliquely inserted in the water bottle, delicate and dripping, making people pity. Morning glory flower is also known as ChaoYan, and the story once had the sentence "It is difficult to hate without picking Chaoyan", which is very interesting. Hideyoshi's heart seemed to be grasped by asagiri's beauty, and she couldn't speak.
In another story, Hideyoshi prepares a golden bowl filled with water with a red plum on the side, and instructs Senritsu to decorate the tea room with these two objects. Flower arrangements can only use water bottles or flower mud, there is no way to stand in the bowl, Hideyoshi originally wanted to see Li Xiu out of the ugly, so as to make a big joke. As a result, Li Xiu calmly walked in front of him, held the red plum upside down, and with one hand went down the branches, and the petals and buds fell one after another, gently floating on the golden water bowl, brilliant and magnificent. The onlookers were amazed, and they were all impressed by Li Xiu's ingenious thoughts.
Whether these two stories are true or not, it is very illustrative of the difference in aesthetics between Rishio and Hideyoshi. When everyone is happy and happy, this kind of story is called idle anecdotes, and when the enemy turns into a vendetta, it can become a snake out of the hole.
In the nineteenth year of Tenshō (1591), Senritsu donated a mountain gate to Daitoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, and the person in charge of painting the mountain gate was the famous Hasegawa and other uncles. On the mountain gate is a wooden statue of Li xiu himself, dressed in robes and with grass feet. As a result, this angered Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who thought that he was rude to pass under the mountain gate and was trampled by a wooden statue that was equivalent to being trampled by Ritsu, so he ordered Chiritsu to return to Sakai City. Soon after, Rishu was recalled to Kyoto to commit suicide by cutting off his abdomen, and the wooden statue was cut to pieces.
Daitoku-ji Temple Mountain Gate Golden Retriever Pavilion
The poem of Qianlixiu's death before his death is: Seventy years of life, Li Hexi, my sword, the buddha killed together, may I be too sword, and today at this time the heavens and the earth will throw it.
On that day, Munakata's mother, along with her daughter, was tortured by Ishida Minoru and punished with a pot to feed the snake. His mother fainted on the spot, and so did his daughter. I don't know if it's true. Kanomi Yoshida wrote this in his diary. Chiritsu's son, Dao'an, fled to Hida, and his son-in-law Shōan defected to Aizu, his family was destroyed, his wife was separated, and the situation was tragic, and the government and the opposition were shocked.
Waiting for idle changes but the old people's hearts, but the old people's hearts are changeable. In the first year of Bunroku (1592), the second year of Senritsu's abdomen, Toyotomi Hideyoshi raised 100,000 troops to trample on Korea, pointing to Daming. The machi forces in Sakai City relied on overseas trade for profit and vigorously opposed Hideyoshi's arrogance. There were many Christian names under Lishumen, and they were also dismissive of the conquest of the dynasty. It's just that When Hugh is dead, everything is rested.
If one person dies and a million are buried, who can understand the causes of this world?
After The death of Senritsu, the son-in-law and adopted son, Chisho-an, inherited the family business, and later separated the three schools of the Thousand Families, the Richi Family, and the Samurai Koji Thousand Family, which continue to this day and are collectively known as the Three Thousand Families.
The disciples under Li Xiu are like carp across the river, and the outstanding ones are called "Li Xiu Seven Philosophies". As for who the seven people are, there are many opinions, and the list of people recognized by the tea ceremony community is: Pusheng Clan Township, Hosokawa Tadashi, Seta Sabu, Shibayama Supervisor, Takayama Right Near, Makimura Bingbu, Anda Oribu.
The Kabuo clan was originally a general under Orihiro, and was enfeoffed with aizu, with a territory close to one million stones. In his early years, Hebu studied under Chiritsu, sheltered the exiled Aizu Chisho-an after Ritsu's death, and cleverly persuaded Toyotomi Hideyoshi to allow Shōan to return to Kyoto to re-establish his family business, so he was ranked first in the list of seven philosophers recognized by the Chichiya.
The last Kota Obe, whose original name was Furuta Shigeran, was evaluated by the Chichiya as the most incompetent in the tea ceremony, but was the true heir of the samurai tea after Ritsuki. Senritsu's tea ceremony departed from the program and was indifferent to peace, while Furuta Oribe's tea ceremony was grand and ritualistic, which was most in line with the shogunate's rules of respect and inferiority.
Furuta Obe later served the second-generation shogun Tokugawa Hidetada and became the leader of the tea people. At the end of the Battle of Osaka and the fall of Toyotomi, Furuta was accused by the shogunate of sympathizing with the Toyo family and plotting rebellion, and was as desperate as his master Chiritsu.
After Furuta, the shogun's successor as the tea ceremony guide was his disciple Otori Motoshu. Kohori Yuanshu, formerly known as Kohori Shoichi, had more than 400 tea parties in his lifetime, and entertained more than 2,000 tea guests, from the daimyo of the gongqing to the machi people and merchants, reading all the sentient beings, and finally became the great name of the tea people in the early days of Edo, and was named 12,000 stones of the Omi Komuro Domain. In the thirteenth year of Keisaku (1608), Otori was responsible for rebuilding Suruga Castle, which was called Yuanzhou because of his meritorious official Yuanjiang Shou.
Otori Away prefecture is like Ryūku-ji Temple
The tea ceremony in Otori Yuanzhou is diligent and gentle, advocating long-term practice and experiencing the elegance and posture of high society.
"The way of the husband's tea soup is nothing but loyalty and filial piety to the king." The tea training in Yuanzhou said so.
Compared with the tea ceremony where Senritsu seeks truth and enlightenment, the tea ceremony in Yuanzhou is judged by cloud mud.
The only thing that can last long in the world is the mediocre Tao of Yuanzhou.
The Word of Li Xiu is only silently recited in the remembrance of posterity.
Thinking about it this way, the human world is really suitable for lying flat.
(End of Section 98)