"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 410th
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Li Ruiqing (1867-1920), the character Zhonglin, the number Mei'an, Mei Yi, Amei, the late Number Qing Daoren, the lord of the Jade Plum Blossom Temple, the drama number Li Bai Crab. A native of Fuzhou, Jiangxi.
Li Ruiqing was born in the "Linchuan Li Clan" and was a famous and prestigious family. Li Ruiqing's grandfather, Li Geng, was an official to the official Yan Tai envoy, who wrote a volume of "Zhaojiang Essays" with military merit plus five titles. Li Ruiqing's father, Li Bichang, was given the title of Salt Transport Envoy by military merit, and Hunan specially used the Dao to supplement the prefect, and the Tongzhi Yunian supplemented the Changsha Province Tongzhi, and the official to the grain storage road. Li Ruiqing's father, Li Bichang, was an official in Hunan for thirty years and wrote the Complete Poetry of Jiu Zifang.
Li Ruiqing was the second son of Li Bichang, who had twelve sons, the youngest of whom was thirty-four years younger than Li Ruiqing. When the twelfth son was born, Li Bichang had just passed away two days ago. Li Ruiqing's ancestor Li Zonghan was a famous calligrapher, connoisseur and collector of the Qianlong and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, and Li Bichang was also good at calligraphy and painting, and gave Li Ruiqing the enlightenment of calligraphy and painting. When Li Ruiqing was seven or eight years old, he often looked at the pictures and asked his father about the contents of the book, and his father used this to teach Confucian traditions such as loyalty and filial piety and righteousness, so that Li Ruiqing developed a love of antiquity from an early age. His father was his strict teacher, and under the supervision of his father, Li Ruiqing accumulated profound education. Mr. Yu Zuoxin is Li Ruiqing's uncle, his teacher, or his father-in-law, Li Ruiqing has admired Mr. Yu Zuoxin since he was a child. Li Ruiqing's "Feelings":
The Divine Dragon Waiqi Wing is hidden in the Lingyuan.
Often afraid of the late years, the wind and frost of the Hundred Hui Commission.
Choking and dark, the day is dark.
The martyrs were generous and generous, and they looked at the eight directions with their swords.
The seas are flooded, and the heavens and the earth are low.
Worry comes like a cocoon, and the square is not yet there.
Wailing into the clouds, this song broke the human intestines.
Years of cold know pine cypress, the world chaos must be virtuous.
Not without miles, the sky is obstructed and long.
I want to return to the Sun and make it return to the East.
The slight body is full of arms, and the grace of the king cannot be forgotten.
Yu Zuoxin successively betrothed his three daughters Xu to him, and he attached great importance to Li Ruiqing, and Xu was a talented son. Yu Zuoxin's daughter died just after being hired; Yu Zuoxin took the sixth daughter to Li Ruiqing as his wife, who expected to leave the year and drove to the west; Yu Zuoxin followed the seventh daughter to Li Ruiqing as his wife, and soon passed away. Li Ruiqing did not remarry, feeling that he had been hit by his wife, and his two sons were heirs and nephews. Li Ruiqing and Yu Zuoxin's sixth daughter Mei Xian have the deepest affection, called deep affection, after the death of the three wives, he took the name of "Mei Crazy" and vowed not to marry his wife again, and he was determined to remain unswerving throughout his life. He was only twenty-six years old. In the second half of his life, although he had no wife and children, he was confined to his homeland. Home, the Li family of more than forty people, all rely on Li Ruiqing alone to feed. Guo, he embarked on the path of his career and fulfilled his life for the country. Years later, his friend poet Chen Sanli teased him in the poem "Playing Mei'an with Former Rhymes Again, When Mei Yi is the Supervisor of Liangjiang Normal School":
Calligraphy and painting do not marry the number of three absolutes,
Buy Lou Ting to make up for the shortness.
Wu Sat Schoolhouse smiled and turned around,
The Daily Samson Method is hijab.
The owner's makeup deceives the lips,
Nishiki fell into a high bun new.
Speaking of the Eyes of righteousness,
Hugh looked at the Ganges Wrinkled Man.
In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (1891), Li Ruiqing took the township examination in Hunan, but was dismissed because he was accused of not meeting the township citizenship. Li Ruiqing did not think so, and two years later, he returned to his hometown to participate in the Jiangxi Township Examination. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), he was elected as a Chinese-style jinshi and was elected as a Shujishi of Hanlin Yuan. Guangxu thirty-one years distributed Jiangsu alternate Dao, Jiang Ning Ti xue envoy. Shi Zhangzhidong was the governor of Liangjiang, and in the 32nd year of the Qing Dynasty Guangxu initiated the establishment of the Liangjiang Normal School (the predecessor of Nanjing University), and Li Ruiqing was replaced by the superintendent of the Liangjiang Normal School. After Li Ruiqing took office, he went from the establishment and planning, to the extension of teachers, and even the construction of school buildings, and the reform of the academic system, the purchase of equipment, the addition of subjects, and the opening of "public subjects" and "classification departments". Li Ruiqing did everything himself and presided over it carefully, thus making Liangjiang Normal School a veritable first institution in Jiangnan. For a time, the reputation was outstanding, and famous teachers gathered, such as Liu Yizheng, Liu Shipei, Xia Jingguan, Yao Minghui, Lei Heng, Xiao Junxian, Matsumoto Takajiro and so on. Li Ruiqing even played the school motto: "Chew the root of the vegetable, do a big thing." His school philosophy is also a momentary shock to China: "regard education as life, school as family, students as children."
Three years after the declaration of reunification, Wuchang sounded the gunshots of the Xinhai Revolution. At the end of September and the beginning of October, the New Army of Jiangning also responded, and merged with the New Army of Zhejiang to attack the city. There was chaos in the city, and the officials below the governor Zhang Renjun fled, and Li Ruiqing insisted on staying at his post alone and refusing to go. Fan Zengxiang, the envoy of the cloth government, also abandoned his post, and Zhang Renjun handed over the post of cloth political department to Li Ruiqing. Li Ruiqing was ordered to buy 300,000 yuan of rice to pay the army in order to appease the officials and troops to defend the city. A Pingyu Bureau was also set up to help refugees and raise funds for students of the Liangjiang Normal School to help them return to their hometowns. At that time, Zhang Xun was serving as a viceroy in Jiangning, and he ordered his men to kill the braid cutters in the city, and there was no forgiveness for the braid cutters. Although Li Ruiqing opposed Zhang Xun's approach, he could do nothing but try his best to help the braided students escape from the city. Li Ruiqing's "Dengyue Yang Lou":
The old Wen Dong Ting sheng is in yueyang lou.
The water falls on the lake and the sky is wide, and the smoke is empty and the trees are autumn.
Xi Wen He sunset, Zi Mei a lifetime of sorrow.
It's too fishy, and the rivers and lakes want to be white-headed.
On October 12, the city of Nanjing fell. When the city fell, the new army entered the city, and Li Ruiqing not only did not sneak away, but also sat neatly dressed in the lobby, determined to die and refuse to yield. The new army honored Li Ruiqing as a person, could not bear to harm him, and urged him to leave the city and leave Jiangning. The new governor, Cheng Dequan, was conferred by the advisors of the Governor's Office, but Li Ruiqing did not resign. When Li Ruiqing was leaving, he sealed the treasury of the domain, invited the gentry of Jiangning, and handed them the key. At that time, there were still hundreds of thousands of taels of gold left in the clan treasury, and he handed over hundreds of thousands of gold in the clan treasury and the list of liangjiang teachers. Then, he resigned from his post as the superintendent of the Liangjiang Normal School, sold the carriage he used, and was able to fill his bags before leaving Jiangning. When Zhang Xun was restored, he was appointed as a waiter in the Academic Department, and Li Ruiqing did not apply for the post.
After Li Ruiqing lived in Shanghai, he once fell into a poor situation where there was no way to eat, and the old and weak family of forty-eight people looked up to him for food and often cut off cooking. Li Ruiqing only sells calligraphy and paintings to provide for himself, so as not to be tired. He refused indirect funding from the Republic of China government due to the plight of being sick and unable to move. Hearing about his difficult situation at home and abroad, for a while, there was an endless stream of people who asked him for calligraphy and painting and learned from his teachers. At that time, in Shanghai, there were many people who regarded themselves as "left behind", and in order to survive, they flaunted "keeping the knots and not staining", and "lincai often changed their faces". Therefore, these people were very jealous of Li Ruiqing's actions and tried their best to retaliate against him. At that time, an incident occurred in Li Ruiqing's family, his widow wanted to plunder his funds for selling calligraphy and paintings, and the economy was under her control, but Li Ruiqing opposed it, so that the widow sister-in-law failed to achieve her wishes, and the widow sister-in-law said filthy words to Li Ruiqing outside and insulted him to the extreme. The widows who wanted to take revenge on Li Ruiqing had the material to spread rumors, and they trumpeted that Li Ruiqing had a non-division plan for the widow, and the widow scolded him, and they said happily to each other: "Now you can call this 'Qingdao man' landless and self-contained!" However, this group of people was reprimanded by insiders, and Li Rui cleaned himself up and was obvious to all. Li Ruiqing's "Autumn Remembrance of the Old Garden":
The smoke and xia disease attracted the guests to worry, and they remembered to take a grand tour together.
Today, I think only of tears, and my heart is full of autumn in the old garden.
In 1920, Li Ruiqing died of illness, and he left his last words: "Return to Jinling". Close friends Zeng Xi, student Hu Xiaoshi and others buried him in Jinling Niushou Mountain, and built a plum blossom nunnery next to the Luohan Spring in Xuemeiling to ji "plum idiot".
Li Ruiqing taught many disciples in his lifetime, and peach and plum were all over the world. He was also proficient in poetry, books, paintings, and poetry. His poems Zong Han and Wei, under the Tao, Xie, the absolute sentence is written poignantly and movingly. The word is straight and desolate, with the legacy of Meng De. He is a literary Zhuangzi and Taishi company Ma Qian, using the Spring and Autumn brushwork to express his chest, with the fun of sending strange and mysterious some satirical insults, memorable things, concise and vivid, with everyone's demeanor. Li Ruiqing is also a master of philology, gold and stone examination, calligraphy and painting identification, etc. He used scientific principles to put forward his own opinions. "Divide in stone, seek seal in gold."
Li Ruiqing was also a famous painter in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, good at Danqing, landscapes, figures, flowers, and paintings were widely involved. Li Ruiqing landscape master Fayuan Ji, Bada Shanren, Flower Sect Yun Nantian. The turquoise and flowers he painted have a unique artistic conception, and he is especially good at painting Buddha. Li Ruiqing is also the founder, pioneer and first hero of modern formal art education. Set a precedent for modern higher art education, teach by example. The world only knows that Li Ruiqing is a great calligrapher, but few people know that Li Ruiqing is also a great painter. Li Ruiqing Sect disciple: The cantilever can break through the air, the next pen is only to kill the paper, writing is like a person, to put up the spine. Li Ruiqing's paintings have high artistic attainments, have unique artistic characteristics, and open up a generation of elegant and clumsy painting styles! His paintings have a unique style, they are super energetic and easy, the taste of molten gold is in the paintings, and the overall artistic characteristics are reflected in the use of books into paintings, and the seal book is not only used as a kind of calligraphy, but also as a kind of brushwork into the painting! Li Ruiqing's "Yu Meiren • Yuan Night":
Farewell to hate when. Always haunted. The old garden looks back on the road. The situation is that the stirrup moon is pitiful.
Yu Yan leaned all over the clothes and was cold. Listen to the silver pot leak. Who knows the mood of the individual. I am most afraid of the Bisha people in the dead of night.
Li Ruiqing was particularly proficient in calligraphy, and he studied the Six Books from an early age, learning calligraphy, and studying the characters of Yin Ruins, Zhou, Qin, the Two Han Dynasties to the Six Dynasties. He was very conceited about the creation of the Great Seal, and got its name in the North Monument. He heeded Shen Zengzhi's advice to "accept the stele into the post", his attitude toward the Fa Ti, the hypocrisy and the snake, he was the most paranoid of the late Qing Dynasty epigraphers, the most obsessive of the steles. Li Ruiqing advocated chasing stones with paper, chasing carvings with pens, and using trembling pens to express monumental methods, and his trembling pen became his habit. Li Ruiqing's calligraphy, Shangchao Zhou Qin, Bozong Han Wei, all bodies with preparation, You Gong seal subordinate. His calligraphy is elegant and handsome, each with his own demeanor, painting with a seal and painting a seal as one. In his pen, the stele is rigorous in studying the law and has a magnificent golden stone style. He was a pioneer of higher calligraphy education in China and a generation of calligraphy masters.
Lu Xiuhui has a song "For Li Ruiqing Mei Anthem", shiyun:
Linchuan Li Shixuan, heirloom calligraphy and painting Yan.
The three daughter wives of the Yu family have resigned from their husbands one after another.
Since then, there has been no one to comfort, determined to keep his wife and concubine.
Mei is a lifelong companion, widowed.
Chew the root of the vegetable, in order to run a big thing.
Strive to create a university hall, a little bit of cool and warm.
Xinhai changed the world, vowing to survive with the academy.
Before leaving the clan treasury, selling the carriage shop.
Shanghai on the car to go, young and old to get started.
Fifty mouths were raised, and the surplus grain could not be hoarded.
Na Stele into the post, with the book as the edge of the painting.
Chase the stone heart with paper, and draw the source with the pen.
The killing paper is strongly clenched, and the intention is hanging.
Divide the seal and seek the golden stone, and go deep into the soul of calligraphy.