Leave Zhangjiajie and return to Changsha to continue sightseeing in the city, with the first stop being the thousand-year-old Yuelu Academy.
Yuelu Academy is a national 4A-level scenic spot, a national key scenic spot, a national civilized scenic tourism area demonstration site, a national key cultural relics protection unit, located in changsha city, Hunan Province, Yuelu District Hunan University campus, about 3 kilometers from the city center, covers an area of more than 31,000 square meters, construction area of about 11,000 square meters, is a display of China's ancient academy education and academy architecture of the ancient construction site museum. Founded in the ninth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (976 AD), Yuelu Academy is one of the four major academies in ancient China. She went through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties until 1926, when she was named Hunan University. From the ancient academy to Hunan University, the same lineage, strings and songs, today, she has become the only college in the country to train doctoral and master students, known as the "millennium school", but also the best restored, most complete preservation, the largest ancient academy in the country. In recent years, it has received about 650,000 Chinese and foreign tourists, and has gradually become a collection center, exhibition center, research center and exchange center for cultural relics of Chinese Academy. Yuelu Academy is now composed of two departments, yuelu academy cultural relics management office and Hunan University Yuelu academy, two signs, a set of people, Yuelu academy cultural relics management office under the Yuelu academy comprehensive office, cultural relics work office, security room, tourism management and development department; Hunan University Yuelu academy under the Chinese philosophy research institute, history research institute, Chinese thought and culture research institute, China academy research center and China soft power culture research center. At present, there are 48 personnel in the staff, including 25 teachers and researchers and 23 cultural relics management staff.
Yuelu Academy was already famous in the Song Dynasty, and was known as one of the "Four Great Academies under Heaven" during the Northern Song Dynasty. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1015), Emperor Zhenzong of Song summoned the mountain chief Zhou Shi because of the prosperity of Yuelu's school, issued a book, and personally wrote the plaque of "Yuelu Academy". By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, under the bishop of the famous theologian Zhang Yu, Yuelu Academy entered the peak period of running schools in the Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1194), the famous theologian Zhu Xi served as the prefect of Tanzhou, xingxue Yuelu, expanded and renovated the academy, and further promoted the development of the history of Yuelu Academy.
Over the past thousand years, Yuelu Academy has produced many talents and heard of people from generation to generation. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, the famous theorist Zhu Xi and zhang Yu, the head of the academy, went to the altar to give lectures, which promoted the academic Zhu Zhang xuetong of the academy. Subsequently, the Huxiang School, which was the most prosperous in the science of science at that time, was formed, and a group of talents of the Huxiang School represented by Zhang Yu appeared. At the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the outstanding thinker Wang Fuzhi was also born in Yuelu. After the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of talent groups emerged here, the most famous of which were the political reformist talent group with Tao Shu and Wei Yuan as the main body before and after the Opium War; the "Zhongxing General Xiang" talent group with Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Guo Songtao, and Hu Linyi as the main body that appeared during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years; the talent group of the Reform and Reform faction represented by Tan Sitong and Tang Caichang that appeared during the Penghu Reform Period; and the bourgeois democratic revolutionary talent group represented by Cai Yi, Chen Tianhua, and Cheng Qian after the failure of the reform. From 1916 to 1919, the young Mao Zedong lived several times in Yuelu Academy, engaged in revolutionary activities, and sought the truth of saving the country and the people. Since then, a large number of Yuelu teachers and students have devoted themselves to the cause of the new-democratic revolution, such as Cai Hesen, Deng Zhongxia, He Shuheng, Li Da, Xie Jueya, Zhou Xiaozhou, and so on, which have had a profound impact on Chinese history. The Qing Dynasty scholar's writing of "Only Chu has material, Yu Si is sheng" written by scholars in the Qing Dynasty is a true portrayal of the talents of Yuelu Academy over the past thousand years.
The college is also known for its elegant environment and architectural beauty. Most of the existing buildings are Ming and Qing Dynasty remains, and the main buildings include the lecture hall, the royal library building and the Temple of Literature, which reflect the three major functions of the academy's lectures, book collection and sacrifice. The ancient academy is heavy because of people and famous for the scenery. Here, you can not only appreciate the cultural pursuit of "neat and serious", but also integrate into the unity of heaven and man in the "Iris Flying Fish Leap", purify the soul, and linger.
Hexitai
In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1167), Zhu Xi and Zhang Yuguan built the "Hexi Terrace" on the top of Yuelu Mountain. In the fifty-fifth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1790), the mountain chief Luo Dian built a front pavilion in front of the courtyard and changed its name to the front desk. In the first year of Daoguang (1821), in order to survive, the mountain chief Ouyang Houjun changed the name of the front desk to "Hexitai". "Hexi" refers to the sunrise of light and fire. The famous southern Song Dynasty theorists Zhu Xi and Zhang Yu, the famous theorists of the Ming Dynasty, the founder of the study of psychology, Wang Shouren, and Mao Zedong all left poems related to Hexitai, which are now engraved on the screen of this platform.
gate
The gate was built in the Song Dynasty. The existing gate was rebuilt in the seventh year of Qing Tongzhi (1868). The door "Yuelu Academy" is the handwriting of Song Zhenzong, the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1015), Song Zhenzong specially summoned the mountain chief Zhou style, personally gave the "Yuelu Academy" royal plaque and gave the scriptures and other things, Yuelu Academy has since become famous in the world, becoming one of the four major academies of the Northern Song Dynasty. On both sides of the gate hangs a couplet "Only Chu has material, Yu Si is sheng", the upper link is from the "Zuo Chuan", the lower link is from the "Analects", the source of the classic, the joint meaning of concern, telling the historical facts of the Yuelu Academy's heroic materials.
Classroom
Located in the center of the College, the Lecture Hall is the teaching center of the College and the place where major events are held. When the Yuelu Academy of the Northern Song Dynasty was founded, there was a "lecture hall", which was called "Chengde Hall" in the Ming Dynasty, and later renamed "Jing Yi Tang" or "Zhongxiao Lianjie Hall". In the center of the hall hangs two gilded wooden plaques: one is the "Daonan Zhengmai" plaque, which was given by the Qianlong Emperor. The "Tao" here refers to the science of science. During the Warring States period, the ideological circles were a hundred schools of thought; Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty "abolished a hundred schools and exalted Confucianism alone", and Confucianism began to dominate. During the Tang and Song dynasties, some Confucian thinkers absorbed the new ideas of Buddhism and Taoism and developed a new Confucian ideological system. Among them, the philosophical thought represented by Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi is called "Science of Science". Yuelu Academy is one of the bases for Zhu Xi to spread the ideas of Science, so the meaning of this plaque is that the Huxiang School spread by Yuelu Academy is the authentic of the southern transmission of Science. It shows the position of Yuelu Academy in the history of Chinese science dissemination, and is the emperor's highest evaluation of Yuelu Academy's communication science. This amount is the original.
Imperial Library
At the beginning of the establishment of Yuelu Academy, there was a library behind the lecture hall, and after Emperor Zhenzong of Song gave the book, it was renamed "Royal Library Pavilion", and in the twenty-sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1687), Inspector Ding Sikong invited books such as the Thirteen Classics and the Twenty-first History from the imperial court to build the Imperial Library on the present site. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the library has developed into a relatively large library in China, with a collection of 14,130 volumes. Today, the Imperial Library is still used as an ancient books library for the teaching and research staff and students of the College, with a collection of more than 50,000 books.
Lushan Temple Stele
The Lushan Temple stele is a Tang stele with greater influence among the existing inscriptions in China, and it is also the earliest and most valuable inscription in Changsha. The inscription records the historical evolution of Lushan Temple, which was written by the famous writer, calligrapher and seal engraver Li Yong in the eighteenth year of the Tang Dynasty. Because of its excellent text, book and engraving, it is called "three absolute monuments". The stele on the side of the stele has an inscription by the great calligrapher Mi Fu of the Song Dynasty.
Confucian temple
Yuelu Academy's Confucian Temple is located on the left side of the academy, which is composed of Zhaobi, Gate Tower, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, Liangyu, Chongsheng Ancestral Hall, Minglun Hall and other parts, and becomes a courtyard of its own. The Temple of Literature is the main place where the academy worships Confucius, a famous thinker in ancient China. Dacheng Hall is the most important building in the Temple of Literature. The word "Dacheng" is derived from Mencius, "Confucius's saying is ji dacheng ; ji dacheng is also, jinsheng and yuzhenzhi." "Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China, and one of the greatest cultural giants in the history of world civilization. Therefore, the word "Dacheng" is used to indicate the achievements and status of Confucius.