At the beginning of this century, there was a text prison case that shocked the whole country - the "Su Report Case". The struggle waged by revolutionary volunteers headed by Zhang Taiyan and Zou Rong around the "Su Report" has written a glorious page in China's modern history.
On June 29, 1903, several police detectives from the Ministry of Works bureau broke into the Shanghai Su Bao Pavilion and arrested Zhang Binglin, Zou Rong, Chen Fan, and others by name with a ticket. Zhang Binglin was not there. The next day, Zhang Binglin was at the "Patriotic Society", and the police detective again named and inquired, and Zhang Binglin replied frankly: "The remaining people are not there, and if you want to take Zhang Binglin, it is me." "So I was generous and arrested." Zou Rong believed that he could not escape his righteousness, and he automatically arrived at the case the next day. Soon, the Su Newspaper was shut down. The "Su Report Case", with Zhang Binglin and Zou Rong as the "main criminals," shook the whole country, and it was the most important literary prison case at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Binglin was listed at the top of the case.
Zhang Binglin (章炳麟), courtesy name Mei Shu (字枚叔), was a native of Yuhang, Zhejiang. In his early years, he read from the famous scholar Yu Fan, who was defeated in the Battle of Jiawu and felt that the nation was in danger.
He went out to join the Strong Society, ran the "Current Affairs Newspaper", and advocated the change of law.
After seeing the "shape of the melon, like Taishan", zeng yu
In February 1898, he wrote to Li Hongzhang, and later yi Zhang Zhidong
The assistant "Main Journal" fantasizes about relying on them to change the status quo.
But after the Eight-Power Alliance invaded China in 1900, Zhang
Taiyan, like many progressives at the time, was finished with the Qing government
Completely desperate, began the major transformation of his life, and went
On the revolutionary road aimed at overthrowing the Manchu Qing government, not only
He attacked the reformists at home and traveled east to Japan to discuss the revolutionary plan with Sun Yat-sen.
At the time of 1902, the domestic student tide developed rapidly. In the spring of that year, Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, and others initiated the organization of the China Education Association in Shanghai, used education to carry out revolutionary propaganda activities, and successively launched patriotic struggles to support students studying in Japan and supported the progressive academic trend of Nanyang Public School. At the same time, the people of the society also openly launched Zhang Yuan's speech, and published fierce texts in the "Su Bao" one after another, openly carrying out revolutionary propaganda.
Originally a Japanese newspaper, Su Bao was run by Chen Fan, a native of Hunan, in 1900. Chen Fan was originally from Zhi County, Leadshan County, Jiangxi, but was deposed because of a teaching case, and his brother was imprisoned for the Wushu Change, so he was promoted to revolution by the emperor. In 1902, the student tide was on the rise, and the "Su Bao" actively reported the student tide incident, which attracted attention with its fierce writing. After the establishment of the "Patriotic Society," the "Su Bao" actually became the speech organ of the "Patriotic Society." In particular, after Zhang Xingyan became the chief writer, Su Bao published many sharply worded revolutionary papers in a short period of time, such as "On the Relationship between Those in Charge of China Are Revolutionary Parties", "The Relationship between Kang Youwei and Jue Luojun", "Reading the Revolutionary Army", "The Order of the Revolutionary Army", "The Guests' Article", "Reading the 'Yan Na Secret Instructions on Overseas Students' With Anger", "He Manchu", "Homicidism", and so on.
Zhang Taiyan's article "The Relationship between Kang Youwei and Jue Luojun" was originally part of the "Refutation of Kang Youwei's Book on Revolution", which was selected and published in su Bao, which included "Zai Xiang Clown, Unrecognized Wheat", "Zai Xiang, Gu Changsu's private friend and the public vendetta of the Han people." Is Manchuria all as stupid as a deer, but can it not be reformed? "Wait, Zhang Taiyan's rebuke of Guangxu is a clown, and he is more expensive than a thief."
After the discussion was published in the "Su Bao", "the whole country was shaken", and the Qing government hated it to the bone. From the imperial court and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the local governors and Daotai, the crowd insisted that Zhang Binglin and Zou had committed the great crime of "writing to the temple and persuading the world to rebel, and they must be "punished according to their will" and "punished in name and canonically." The day after this article was published, Zhang Taiyan was arrested and imprisoned.
After The arrest of Zhang Taiyan, Zou Rong, and others, the Qing government has been active in many ways, demanding extradition, and will want to put him to death and then quickly. However, in order to maintain their extraterritorial jurisdiction in China, the imperialist powers insisted on trying in the concessions. Of course, the Qing government was not willing to give up, in addition to persistently negotiating with the great powers in Beijing and Shanghai, Yuan Shuxun of the Shanghai Customs Road also sent five hundred troops, Yi Fu lurked behind the New Gate in a vain attempt to rob Zhang and Zou, but because the British arrest was very strict, they failed to succeed.
On July 15, 1903, the Shanghai Concession Tried the Extra Public Court against Zhang, Zou, and others, and the Qing government willingly and degraded, and actually acted as the plaintiff, which itself was a denial and satire of the Qing government. As Zhang Taiyan wrote in prison: "Oh hey! He claims to be the Chinese government, accuses sinners by the Chinese government, and is not in the courts of other countries, but in the new yamen, the smallest under his jurisdiction. ”
Zhang Taiyan reported the case to Su, who could have escaped without fleeing, and deliberately arrested them to show his wind and festival, in order to inspire the people's hearts and minds, "so as to reap the storm and promote the effect of the revolution", of course, he would not be highly contemptuous of their so-called trial. At the beginning of the preliminary trial, the undertaker Sun Jianchen and others thought that Zhang Taiyan was a well-known person and must have a meritorious name, so they asked him "from what branch"? Zhang Taiyan smiled slightly at Zou Rong and replied, "I was flying all over the sky, what is the point?" Deliberately describing the name of the section as a bird's nest to show ridicule, Sun Jianchen and others were speechless. The Qing government entrusted lawyer Gu Bai to act on behalf of the cause of the complaint, in which Zhang Taiyan was accused of "slandering the holy secret of the present, calling him a 'clown', and committing a crime with determination, and the crime is beyond reproach." In addition, he and Zou Rongtong were accused of "great rebellion and conspiracy" and so on. In response, Zhang Taiyan replied, "I only know that the Qing Emperor is a Manchu, and I don't know the so-called holy secrets", and interprets the word "clown" as "class" or "child". The extra court can do nothing about it. They had to be escorted back to the capture house. Zhang Taiyan saw "the spectator filling the throat" on the road, that is, reciting the verse "The wind blows the shackles full of incense in the city, and the street market competes for the spectators and the foreigners", expressing his feelings of taking the long street line with shackles, from which we can imagine his proud and unyielding style at that time.
Zhang Taiyan did not lay down his fighting weapons after his arrest. When he read in prison that the "News" published an article slandering the revolution, he wrote a book to refute it, openly claiming that when he was sixteen or seventeen years old, "the idea of hating Man was firmly in his chest", and he determined that the Manchu Qing government could only carry out revolution, "against the hood, not my race", "can not change the law as a revolution, can change the law as a revolution, can not save the people as a revolution, can save the people as a revolution, can save the people as a revolution." He also unabashedly pointed out that the "Su report" was "rebellious and provocative" and "tyrannical master", and that his imprisonment was not a personal misfortune, but that "the Manchurian government and the Han people constituted this great lawsuit", and indignantly claimed that "the number of people in my generation is the representative of the 40 million Han race", so "Xiang Yan was imprisoned, determined to shed blood", "the emperor can be questioned in the queen of heaven, and the next can be against forty million people". He contemptuously called the "News" reporter "rebuke the well frog" and wrote with confidence: "The destiny of heaven is new, it is not far away, please look at fifty years later, the bronze statue stands majestically on the cloud table, for me, sit and wait, there is no more grace." ”
Zhang Taiyan's vigorous and radiant battle article is full of the infinite confidence and courage of a revolutionary, just as the people of the time praised, "Guan Zhang Binglin replied to the newspaper in prison, and when he was in trouble, he had absolutely no resentment, but he was strong and straight, and he would never change his initial exercises." Of course, it would arouse greater hatred and panic among the Qing government authorities. The day after the article was published, the newspaper was shut down.
After Zhang Taiyan and Zou Rong were arrested, they were both imprisoned in the capture room, and the delay was long pending. In order to encourage Zou Rong to persist in the struggle, Zhang Taiyan gave him a poem that is still popular today:
"Zou Rongwu's younger brother was sent down to Yingzhou." Quick scissors to remove braids, dried beef as a rice. As soon as the hero goes to prison, the heavens and the earth are also miserable. When you are about to die, you must mix your hands, and there are only two ends. ”
Zou Rongben was good at carving seals and seemed to be not good at composing poetry, but at the instigation of Zhang Taiyan, he also wrote a sentence entitled "Tu Shan":
"The cliff fell into the rocks and walked away, and the medicine fork took Li Xiuluo roaring." Xin Nong's nails are now there, and lead yellow dogs to the east gate. ”
Zhang Taiyan was amazed when he saw the poem, saying that he was "strange like Lu Tong and Li He, thinking that he was a genius", but thought that he thought of Cai cai compared to Li Sizhi, and "his words were also Too Tai", so he played and was absolutely perfect:
"The head is like a fluffy, and there are enough wheels that are not good. Heaven left the old man with stamina, and my little brother was able to poetry. ”
Zhang Taiyan was trapped in the circle and his heart was concerned, and he still closely watched the revolutionary struggle at that time. Shen Xing was arrested in Beijing on July 19, 1903, and died in Wanping on the 31st. Zhang Taiyan was shocked to hear the news, and on August 4, there was a poem "Wen Shen Yu Xi saw the killing in prison":
"I don't see Shen Shengjiu, and the rivers and lakes know that they are hidden." Xiao Xiao is a tragic warrior, now in Yijingmen. The stingrays are shy, and the articles are always broken. Bardo treat me, north and south of several new graves! Then he wrote "Sacrifice Shen Yu Xiwen" and "Shen Xing Order". The poems are all pure, mourning the martyrs and inspiring those who come, and the indomitable will to die is overflowing with words, and it is still inspiring to read to this day.
The long-term unresolved verdict of the "Su Report" caused almost unanimous criticism from the public opinion circles, and the Qing government was increasingly clumsy and could neither achieve the purpose of extradition nor sentence Zhang and Zou to death. However, they were still unwilling and instructed the Shanghai authorities to "imprison Zhang and Zou forever", so on December 24, 1903, the additional public court sentenced Zhang Binglin and Zou Rong to "the crime of eternal imprisonment", but Zhang, Zou and others and their lawyers refuted on the basis of reason, proposing that the crimes in this case were unclear, the plaintiff was unknown, and should be written off; in addition, the shanghai consuls had different opinions, and the ministers in Beijing also had different opinions, and the public opinion circles continued to exert pressure, and the Qing government finally had to make concessions, and on May 21, 1904, the additional public court also " The court sentence was changed to Zhang Binglin's imprisonment for three years and Zou Rong's imprisonment for two years, counting from the date of the case in the previous year, and the period expired and was rented out one by one. ”
After the prison sentence, moved from the capture room to the west prison, Zhang Taiyan saw the jailers abusing the "prisoners" in an inhuman way, estimating that he would undoubtedly die if he was abused in three years of prison, considering that instead of being "tortured to death", it was better to "make plans for himself early", so that Zou Rong might be able to survive less abuse due to the pressure of external public opinion. The difficulty is that in prison, "the poison and all things of the golden ring of knives and swords are forbidden", so there is only one way to go on a hunger strike. He and Zou Rong were determined to follow the example of Xie Fangde at the end of the Song Dynasty and Liu Zongzhou who resisted the Qing Dynasty at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and used hunger strikes to express their determination to overthrow the Manchu Qing government by death, so the two of them composed three desperate poems:
First, "Why do you have to strike the stone, Bolang Vertebrae (Zou), the group of children are willing to make their own Xiang fortress, to leave the ancestral tomb now Where is (Chapter), willing to borrow Mr. Tu a billet (Zou)."
Second, "Pingsheng Yukou Yufengzhi (邹), the heart of near death is not restored (chapter). May the power be able to give birth to a thousand warriors (Zou), and the prison may not hate the dead sheep (chapter).
Third, "Zhang Xuan, the predecessor of Judong, and Lü Hangong, a remnant of Tiangai." Soldiers liberate the immortal Ru Fazuka, I come to the earth, fire, wind and air (chapter). ”
After Zhang Taiyan went on a hunger strike, he did not die for seven days, and from the fifth day onwards, he vomited blood, and his fellow prisoners told them that some opium addicts had been on hunger strike for more than forty days without dying, and the seven days were only one-sixth of them, so they all urged them to re-eat. Although Zhang Taiyan had regained his appetite, his abuse of the jailer was by no means obedient. Every time he was abused, "either with a fist or a vertebrae", he always tried his best to resist, so he was knocked to the ground more than once. At that time, there was a kind of criminal law called "soft shackles", which used canvas as a shackle, tied hands against them, and added wooden wedges, this kind of criminal law only took one hour to make the prisoners miserable, "although the giant thief Can win, the trumpet is turned, and the sound is all over the prison", Zhang Taiyan has suffered this kind of torture three times. It was not until after Zou Rong died in prison that Chinese and foreign public opinions were in an uproar, and the prison had to improve Zhang Taiyan's treatment and was sent to weigh the prisoners. Zhang Taiyan was released from prison on June 29, 1906. Cai Yuanpei and ten other people applauded in front of the Ministry of Works Bureau, and immediately crossed east to Japan, where Sun Yat-sen sent someone to greet him to preside over the "People's Daily", and held an unprecedented welcome meeting in Tokyo on July 15. Since then, Zhang Yan has begun a new revolutionary process.
As the great Lu Xun later commented, Zhang Taiyan was "hunted down seven times and imprisoned three times in his lifetime, and the revolutionary ambition was indomitable, and there was no second person in the world." The "Su report" was a glorious page in Zhang Taiyan's life; at that time, some people commented: "The su newspaper was sealed, and the party members were arrested, and it was also one of my compatriots' big organs." The struggle waged by Zhang Taiyan, Zou Rong, and other revolutionaries around the "Su Report" greatly promoted the awakening of the vast number of patriots and exposed the ferocity and shamelessness of the Qing government, and was undoubtedly an important chapter in the annals of history in the course of the Xinhai Revolution.
