Author/Ge Level Wang Minglun
Eternal as the sun, majestic and virtuous.
Yu finally flattened the water, and Shun also changed the lavender wind.
Jiang Hai is alive and well, and Qiankun is in the middle.
This person does not know this, and the drums are thankful for Nianfeng.
--Song Fan Zhongyan
01/ Beautiful coastline of Laoshan Mountain
After visiting Laoshan Mountain, Yu Dafu said: "To talk about greatness and intriguing, it is naturally the road along the coast of Wailao, from Baiyun Cave and Huayan Temple to Taiqing Palace. "This is naturally about the front mountain of Laoshan Mountain. Laoshan Mountain stands on the sea, the mountains and seas are dependent on each other, Laoshan Mountain is the birthplace of Taoism, paying attention to yin and yang. The scenery on both sides of Laoshan Mountain, one mountain and one sea, is the embodiment of nature and the symbol of Taoism.
The winding coast forms countless bays, headlands and peninsulas. The Laoshan Kelp Line starts from the Xiaobei Estuary after Jiangjia Tuzhai in Wanggezhuang Street in the north, reaches the laoshan head in the south, and then turns to the west, until it reaches the West Mountain Root of Damai Island, and the haike line around the mountain is 103.7 kilometers long.
Image source | CCTV-9 aerial photography of China
Laoshan is an intrusive granite of the late Yanshan Movement, weathered and eroded over a long geological period. It develops along a vertical high-angled joint, and the surrounding mountains collapse. Forming a landscape with many lone peaks and abrupt peaks. The Yanshan period was an important period for the geology of eastern China. During this period, due to the collision of the Okhotsk Plate and the Izanagi Plate with the northeastern Eurasian Plate, it not only caused a large area of folds and uplifts in a large area, including eastern China, forming the "New Huaxia Tectonic System" named by Li Siguang, but also made the Eurasian Plate rotate 30 degrees counterclockwise, so that this plate gradually approached the current orientation.
The emergence of a large number of faults also caused strong magmatic activity in eastern China during the Yanshan period. The mountains of Laoshan Mountain extend into the sea, forming steep walls, headlands, islands and reefs, bays and tidal flats along the coast. This may be because the crust in this region slipped off at the Moho surface, and the continental crust was pushed directly above the oceanic mantle lithosphere. The magma ejected or intrusive from these magmatic activities increased the rigidity of the lithosphere in South China, making it relatively stable in later tectonic movements, and today is one of the areas where earthquakes in China are less common.
Laoshan coast is mainly granite structure, especially to Laoshan head as the center, north to Huangshan Mountain, west to Abalone Island a section of the coast, steep and steep, some cliffs offshore only a few meters, water depth of up to 10-20 meters, although the rock is hard, but still visible sea erosion caves, sea erosion fissures and so on. Laoshan coastal promontory bays, the shoreline is tortuous, constituting the granite layers of the rocky coast, the coastal geomorphological features are different, the hard granite coast of the eastern Laoshan Mountains faces the open sea, the shore wall is upright and steep, together with the cliff mountain height of more than 10-100 meters, the sea caves in the lower part of the sea cliffs abound, the rock boulders at the foot of the cliffs are piled up on the narrow gravel beach, and the gravel of different sizes is eroded by waves, forming a round and flattened shape, and there are gravel embankments accumulated at the junction of the Cape Bay.
Photo by | Ji Chunzhang
On the southwest shore of Laoshan Mountain, the rock shore of Shilaoren composed of volcanic clastic rocks, due to the broken rock formations, the rock reef protrudes, and the sea erosion column stands on it, with the stone old man as the most typical, becoming a scenic spot on the coast of Laoshan Mountain. The area from Laoshan Taiqing Palace to Abalone Island is a fault kelp, with turbulent waves all year round, sea cliffs up to about 30 meters high, no beach under the cliffs, and various sea caves.
From the perspective of geological genesis, the coastal types of Laoshan mainly include erosion coasts, accumulation coasts, composite coasts and moraine coasts. Eroded coast, centered on Laoshan Mountain, distributed in the north to Huangshan Mountain, west to abalone island section of the coast, steep and steep, composed of Laoshan granite, the shoreline is tortuous, there are many bays, forming sea erosion platforms, sea erosion columns, sea caves and other landforms. The accumulation type coast is mainly distributed in the bay top area of the bay, mainly including bank banks, high beaches and low beaches, and there are sand dunes in some areas, as well as the sand dam type coast of Liandao Island, the lagoon type coast in front of the Taiqing Palace, the moraine coast, and the remaining moraine embankment of the Liuqing River estuary. The composite coast, which has the characteristics of both erosion coast and accumulation coast, is mainly distributed from the Laoshan Peninsula in the north to the Baxiandun area in the southeast corner of Laoshan Mountain in the south. Moraine-type coast, typical of the boulder beach coast near Abalone Island. In addition, the east side of Laoshan Mountain, from the entrance of the Xiaowang River to the east side of the Taiqing Palace, is the only coast on the Chinese coast that is mainly composed of moraine.
Laoshan has beaches, mostly rocky beaches, scattered beaches, gravel and gravel.
The bay of the small island, 6 kilometers north of Wanggezhuang Village, where the Shiren River and the Tuzhai River enter the sea. From the top of Aoshan In Jimo City, to the southwest to the Laoshan District Pheasant Mountain to form a sea area, an area of about 40 square kilometers, mostly rocky shores and sand banks.
Wanggezhuang Bay, northeast of Wanggezhuang Village, xiaowang river and Wanggezhuang river into the sea. The bay is formed from the northwest of Dataizi to Xiaopenglai, facing northeast, the bay is 3.1 kilometers long from north to south, 2.3 kilometers wide, and covers an area of about 5 square kilometers.
Yangkou Bay, 4.5 kilometers south of Wanggezhuang Village, the eastern foothills of Yingdinggu, from Quanling Corner in the south to FengshanJiao in the north, forming a crescent-shaped bay, 2.2 kilometers long from north to south, with an area of 215 square kilometers and a water depth of 2-6 meters, because the bay is close to Yangkou Village, so it is named. Yangkou Bay is a fine and soft sand, the sea is clear, there is no influence of sea currents, and the surrounding scenery is beautiful, which is an excellent beach.
Qingshan Bay, southeast of Wanggezhuang, east of Qingshan Village, north of Huangshantou, south of Sanmuding, between the two mountains formed a natural bay, an area of about 1 square kilometer, water depth of 4-6 meters, the maximum water depth of 11 meters.
Taiqing Palace Bay, on the south side of taiqing Palace, the bay starts from Diaoyutai in the east to Dapinglan in the west, 3 kilometers long from east to west, 1.1 kilometers wide, an area of about 4 square kilometers, a water depth of 6-10 meters, and a maximum depth of 12 meters, which can be moored small tourist boats.
Liuqinghe Bay, in front of the east and west Maiyao villages, between the Nanyao Peninsula and Xiaopinglan, the bay is 3 kilometers long from east to west, 1.5 kilometers wide, with an area of about 4.5 square kilometers and a water depth of 12.6 meters, because the bay is at the mouth of the Liuqing River, so it is named. Liuqing River Bay is soft and blue, surrounded by green peaks, and the scenery is beautiful, which is an excellent beach.
Shazikou Bay, in the south of Shazikou Village, surrounded by Kaori Island and Xiaofengtai, the bay is 1.7 kilometers long, with an area of about 2.98 square kilometers, divided into two ports, east and west, and is the largest fishing port wharf in Laoshan. Before the Qing Dynasty, Shazikou Bay and Dengying Bay were collectively known as Dongjia Bay.
Shilaowan Bay, from the chrysanthemum circle coast in the east to Yandun Point in the west, has a coastline of 2.2 kilometers and an area of 3.23 square kilometers. The west of Shilao is a fishing port in the fishing center, and the bay is a leisure, tourist port and mariculture. In 2005, it was opened as a tourist and leisure area.
The stone old man is a typical sea erosion column landscape on the bedrock coast of China. Millions of years of wind and wave erosion and impact, so that the bedrock coast at the foot of Laoshan Mountain under the continuous collapse of the stone old man collapsed and retreated, and grinded into fine sand deposited in the gentle estuary bay, only the stone old man this solid stone pillar remains, is today's shape. Looking from the northwest, this strange stone in the sea looks like an old man, and it is wonderful.
Dajiangkou Bay, from Yandunjiao in the east to Shandong Tou Wharf in the west. The coastline is 4 km long, the bay area is 10 square kilometers, and the water depth is 3 meters to 8 meters. There are many scattered reefs near the northeast coast of the bay, the sea erosion landform has developed, there are more sea caves and sea erosion columns, and the easternmost point has the "Stone Old Man" Ming Reef and the Stone Old Man Fishing Port. Because the bottom of the bay is flat and thin, commonly known as the "big sand circle", and because of the many streams on the south side of the afternoon mountain, it merges into the Dasha River and enters the sea, also known as "Dashakou".
Transferred from: Laoshan Literature and Art