In October 1945, the representative of the state government, Admiral Chen Yi, came to Taiwan to accept Japan's surrender, and due to the full preparations made more than a year ago, Japan handed over various powers such as military, police, administration, property, culture and education to the state government as scheduled. Some 500,000 Japanese prisoners were deported within a few months, and the Japanese colonial forces were expelled from Taiwan. Chen Yi led the working team to begin to rebuild Taiwan's political, economic and cultural undertakings, and its Chinese psychological transformation work is imminent.
Due to the implementation of imperial assimilation education in Taiwan, the schools all used Japanese teaching, and changing Japanese names, speaking Japanese and reading Japanese documents became the norm for the majority of young people in Taiwan at that time. According to statistics, by 1940, the penetration rate of Japanese in Taiwan had reached 70%, and the roots of Chinese culture in Taiwan were in danger of being cut off.
In order to restore Chinese culture in Taiwan as soon as possible, under the instruction of Chen Yi, he took the lead in adopting the "Main Points for the People of Taiwan Province to Restore Their Original Names" to restore the Han surnames and Chinese names of Taiwan compatriots. In order to fundamentally eliminate the residual poison of the Japanese Imperial People's ideology, Chen Yi invited a large number of cultural elites from the mainland, such as Xia Taosheng, Shen Yunlong, Li Wanju, Li Liewen, Ren Kaohsiung, Long Yingzong, Lei Shiyu, Xu Shousheng, Tai Jingnong, Wei Jiangong, He Rong, Fang Shiduo, Li Jiannan, Qi Tiehao, Sun Peiliang, Wang Yuchuan, Ma Xueliang, Li Jinxi, Li Jiye, and Li Helin, to come to Taiwan to restore and rebuild Taiwan's Chinese cultural system and let Taiwan compatriots regain their grasp of the motherland's language and writing. Learn the history and culture of the motherland. In Taiwan's campaign to restore Chinese, colleagues on both sides of the strait have done their utmost and cooperated with all their might. Among them, Xu Shousheng, director of the Compilation Library, Wei Jiangong, director of the "National Promotion Association", and Fan Shoukang, director of the Education Department, are three outstanding representatives, with outstanding results and outstanding contributions.
First, the words are still not exhausted
Xu Shousheng (1883-1948), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, was a scholar and biographer. Xu Shousheng, Lu Xun and Chen Yi studied in Japan in their early years as fellow countrymen, classmates and close friends. In the summer of 1946, Xu Shousheng was invited by Chen Yi to taiwan to engage in compilation work and set up a compilation hall under extremely difficult conditions. He divided the compilation hall into four groups: the school textbook group; the social reading group; the famous books compilation group; and the Taiwan Studies group. The work of the first two groups focuses on curing the symptoms and using urgency to rapidly improve the language proficiency of Taiwan compatriots, while the last two groups are committed to the long-term cultivation and development of Taiwanese culture and are used for bacon to cast the soul. The work of the compilation group is divided into four categories: First, it compiles textbooks on literature and history in primary and secondary schools, including textbooks on history, geography, Chinese language, common sense, and traditional Chinese studies, which was the most urgent at that time; second, it compiled reference books for primary and secondary school teachers to provide material references for the teaching work of teachers; third, it compiled pamphlets on the Three People's Principles and various government decrees aimed at improving the political common sense and psychological construction of civil servants; and fourth, compiled dictionaries and translated foreign famous works, and provided public bibliographies for the public to improve the quality of Taiwan compatriots' national studies.
In order to help Taiwan compatriots learn Chinese, Xu Shousheng wrote "How to Learn Chinese and Mandarin", in view of the current situation of Taiwanese oral expression, he proposed to restore the Taiwanese language (Hokkien dialect) in the Chinese movement, and then transition to the Chinese of learning. This step-by-step, shallow and in-depth promotion method is very suitable for Taiwanese teenagers to learn Chinese Chinese.
Introducing and publicizing Lu Xun's literary works and ideas is an important reason why Xu Shousheng decided to come to Taiwan. Under the recommendation of Xu Shousheng and others, Taiwan after the restoration once set off a cultural fever of Lu Xun. By reading Lu Xun's works, a group of progressive young people in Taiwan can learn the Chinese language on the one hand, and on the other hand, they can receive education in the May Fourth New Culture Movement on the mainland, especially by studying Lu Xun's revolutionary ideas and fighting spirit, and overcoming The enslaving ideology in Japan. Xu Shousheng pointed out at the meeting of the compilation hall: "When compiling primary and secondary school textbooks for the people of Taiwan, we must also take Lu Xun as an example, stand on the stand of the masses, advocate science and democracy, and must not go backwards." "Publicizing and studying Lu Xun and his writings is an important way to eliminate the enslavement education of the imperial people and cultivate the patriotic and revolutionary spirit of the Taiwan people."
It is sad that on February 18, 1948, Xu Shousheng, who was sleeping, was slashed several times in the professor's dormitory of National Taiwan University and died tragically at home. Whether the case was a murder for money or a political murder has been debated endlessly.
For this reason, Wang Yifu commented: "Mr. Xu Shousheng came for Taiwan, and the people who died for Taiwan are the people who died in Taiwan and were born in Taiwan forever." "As the saying goes:
The wounds of the hundred battles are waiting to be healed, and the fox is left the original hometown.
Chinese classics pass on the roots, and the Chinese spirit shines brightly.
Second, after Enze learned Wei Jiangong
Wei Jiangong (1901-1980), a native of Rugao, Jiangsu Province. Philologist, phonologist and educator, one of the pioneers in the popularization and implementation of chinese Chinese.
Wei Jiangong
In August 1945, Wei Jiangong was "seconded" by the Education Department of the Taiwan Chief Executive's Office to taiwan to promote the Chinese, and established the "Taiwan Chinese Promotion Committee" and served as its director. In order to ensure that the implementation of the Chinese is carried out in a down-to-earth manner, Wei Jiangong has set up 29 "Chinese Demonstration Implementation Institutes" in various counties and cities in Taiwan, and the directors of the "Chinese Implementation Institutes" are personally concurrently served by the counties and mayors, and the members are selected by the Education Department. At the same time, it formulates Chinese implement standards and principles, and invites mainland counterparts to come to Taiwan to help, so as to ensure the orderly progress of Taiwan's Chinese implementation work from the perspective of organization, technology and teachers.
Running newspapers and periodicals to give lectures is also an effective means of Chinese implementation, and Wei Jiangong founded Taiwan's first Chinese newspaper, Chinese Daily, on October 25, 1948. The newspaper developed from the first 4 editions to the later 16 editions, insisted on publishing every day, marked with phonetic symbols on each word, and played an important role in the Chinese education of the Taiwan people for decades, and made historic contributions to the cultural reunification of the two sides of the Strait.
Jiangsu Hai'an, Wei Jiangong Memorial Hall
After returning to the mainland, Wei Jiangong presided over the compilation of the Xinhua Dictionary, which is the most extensive and authoritative small Chinese dictionary to date.
Baodao's new students chased after Wu Rong, and the original Qingyuan Wei Jiangong.
Literacy and reading are Chinese, and the grace is covered by honors.
Third, the fallen leaves return to the roots of Fan Shoukang
Fan Shoukang (1896-1983), a native of Shangyu, Zhejiang, was an educator and philosopher. In 1945, he came to Taiwan with his boss Chen Yi and served as the Director of the Education Division of the Chief Executive's Office. The Education Department mainly implements the policies and programmes of the Governor's Office and organizes officials at all levels of the education system and various types of schools to implement Chinese. Through the adjustment of the study curriculum of each school, the subjects of Chinese language, history and geography are emphasized, the number of Chinese class hours per week is imposed, and new students are required to enter the school for one semester of language and historical education.
Fan Shoukang
In the society, the Education Department held a provincial Chinese speech contest, held a language practice class for civil servants, and replaced the names of railways, highways, private companies and streets and alleys in Taipei City with Chinese and added phonetic symbols. At the same time, all organs, town offices, and schools are required to restore and disseminate Chinese cultural traditions by using Chinese characters, hanging Chinese maps, playing Chinese songs, wearing Chinese costumes, reading Chinese books, practicing Chinese etiquette, and eating Chinese dishes, and fundamentally realizing the re-sinicization of Taiwan.
In 1982, Deng Xiaoping received Fan Shoukang
In order to solve Chinese the shortage of teachers, Fan Shoukang organized manpower to invite more teachers and teacher training students from the mainland of the motherland to invite more teachers and teacher training students to Taiwan. At the same time, The Taiwan Normal University (today's Taiwan Normal University) was established to train Chinese teachers on the spot. Chinese reinstated and transferred to National Taiwan University to teach philosophy.
In 1982, when the two sides of the strait had not yet had direct contact, Fan Shoukang broke through many difficulties and returned to the mainland of his motherland from the United States to settle down, and his joy overflowed into words, and he wrote a poem:
Fluttering like a sand gull, Washington is full of buildings in the autumn breeze.
The mountains and rivers of the homeland are infinitely good, and the late spring flies across the shenzhou.
Under the unified leadership of the Taiwan Chief Executive's Office, Wei Jiangong's Taiwan Chinese Implementation Committee is responsible for macro design guidance, Xu Shousheng's compilation hall is responsible for publishing various textbooks and public books for the school society, and Fan Shoukang's Education Office is responsible for organizing the implementation of the promotion. By the end of 1948, Taiwanese society had developed a strong atmosphere of learning Chinese Chinese, and workshops, magazines, publishing houses, bookstores, and competitions using Chinese had sprung up in large numbers.
The reunification of the language and writing of the two sides of the strait is not only a symbol and symbol of national reunification, but also an effective means and tool for the unified administration and management of the state. It is not only convenient for cross-strait communication and exchanges, but also truly embodies the identity of the Chinese nation with the same roots and the same origin, the same language and customs, and has an immeasurable historical role and far-reaching significance for the great cause of reunifying the motherland.