In the history of our country, there have been two Negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. And what we are going to talk about today happened before the second negotiation of the Kuomintang in 1942. In 1942, with the Kuomintang's second anti-communist upsurge, our Party chose to focus on the overall situation.
In order to further improve the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and to create a peaceful China, the two parties decided to hold negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party after several negotiations. After making this decision, in October 1942, Comrade Lin Biao was sent to Chongqing by the Central Committee, and Premier Zhou Enlai held several negotiations with chiang kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang.
The conditions put forward by Chiang Kai-shek in this negotiation are obviously more stringent than ours, and even in our opinion, Chiang Kai-shek did not really hold the heart of peace talks. Chiang Kai-shek rejected almost all our conditions, saying bluntly that only by incorporating our army could the Communist Party be allowed to be legitimized and our border areas completely transformed into Kuomintang administrative regions. And this point is unacceptable to us, so when the Chongqing negotiations were held that year, the two sides were deadlocked for a long time and did not solve the actual problems.
Faced with such a situation, Chairman Mao thought about it and finally decided to send a telegram to Liu Shaoqi, who was working in Shandong at that time. And the level of this letter was actually classified as top secret. Even at the end of the telegram, the chairman specifically instructed Comrade Liu Shaoqi to destroy it immediately after reading it, and not to mention the contents of the telegram to anyone.
We all know that Comrade Liu Shaoqi has always been trained as Chairman Mao's successor, and even more so he became the leader of our country after the founding of the People's Republic of China. So why did Mao Zedong, who was the leader of the CCP at that time, write this telegram to Liu Shaoqi? What exactly is written in this telegram in top secrets? Why did the chairman repeatedly stress that Comrade Liu Shaoqi should be burned after reading it? Let's take a look.
The time came to the end of 1935, when there was a different wave of students in Beiping. This group of new forces of the motherland held high the great banner of resisting Japan and saving the country and resolutely opposed Japan's aggression against our country. This wave also effectively promoted the establishment of an anti-Japanese national united front in Our country.
With the expansion of the Japanese imperialist aggressive territory, the fascist military dictatorship on the Japanese side was soon proclaimed in February of the following year. This also means that Japan's military capabilities are about to be improved, which seriously threatens China's territorial security.
The domestic celebrities who received the news, such as Song Qingling, Tao Xingzhi and others, did not give up because of this, but they actively actively participated. They gave frequent speeches and launched national salvation federations around the world and from all walks of life.
Under such circumstances, our CPC side also expressed its abandonment of the slogan of "anti-Chiang Kai-shek and anti-Japanese resistance" and decided to negotiate peace with the Kuomintang side.
In October of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek left his base camp in Nanjing and came to Xi'an, the purpose of his visit was to let Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng encircle and suppress the Red Army troops, even though Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng repeatedly proposed to Chiang Kai-shek that we should stop the civil war and unanimously resist Japan, but Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly refused.
After many requests, Zhang Xueliang got an answer that he refused. Two months later, Chiang Kai-shek deposed Zhang Xueliang and left Wei Lihuang to work as commander-in-chief. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng were very hurt inside, and they understood what they should do.
So on the evening of December 11, 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng summoned their most loyal generals and conducted military advice the next day, which is also a famous Xi'an Incident in China's history.
After the Outbreak of the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang issued a telegram on behalf of the Xi'an side, in which he clearly proposed that the Kuomintang Nanjing government should stop all civil wars and open up the people's patriotic movement to advocate the two communists to resist Japan.
The Chinese communists also sent our negotiator, Zhou Enlai, to Xi'an. Under the pressure of many parties, Chiang Kai-shek reluctantly accepted the idea of the United Communist Party to resist Japan, and this was also an important reason for the initial formation of the anti-Japanese national united front. After that, Chiang Kai-shek began to plan the economic, political, military and other preparations for the all-out war of resistance, and imported a large number of foreign high-end weapons to arm his central army.
In February 1937, the Third Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Kuomintang was held, and Soong Ching-ling proposed three major policies as a representative, and this meeting also formally established the two parties to stop the civil war and carry out the second Kuomintang-Communist cooperation.
As soon as the news came out, all sectors of society cheered and rejoiced, the people of the whole country united, and the voice of anti-Japanese resistance resounded in the chinese sky for a while. But after the cooperation between the two parties was formally established, we found that the Shandong provincial government did not act.
1942 was the most arduous year of the Shandong people's War of Resistance, in that year the Shandong region fell several pieces, and even tens of thousands of ordinary people lost their homes and were devastated by the war.
At that time, the Japanese puppet army frantically swept through the villages of Shandong, and in the winter of 1941, more than 50,000 people were dispatched to sweep the central part of Shandong in an attempt to annihilate the main force of the anti-Japanese base area in Shandong Province.
Coupled with the drought that Shandong encountered for decades that year, most of the fields can be said to be grainless. Therefore, at that time, the people often lived on dried sweet potato seedlings, and they really couldn't find anything to eat, so they would also dig up wild vegetables and eat leaves. The situation in Shandong was extremely heart-wrenching for a while.
Under the complex situation, the cruelty of reality has also produced some relatively negative emotions inside us. Among the senior leaders of the Shandong sub-bureau, many people have different understandings of our revolutionary road and form, and they have serious differences in their work. All these circumstances made Luo Ronghuan, the political commissar of the Eighth Route Army at that time, feel very worried.
Luo Ronghuan was well aware of the seriousness of the matter, and after the situation occurred, he called the central authorities one after another, asked the central authorities for help, and asked the central authorities to send responsible persons to Shandong to carry out guidance work. The central government that received the news also called a person named Hu Fu several times in February of that year, and informed him of the news of Shandong, entrusting him with a way to adjust the situation in Shandong at this moment. And specifically instructed him to pay attention to the way to solve the problem.
Someone here may wonder who Hu Fu is? Why haven't you heard their names in the history of our country? Why did the central authorities send him to Shandong to solve such an important problem? Let's read on.
It turned out that Hu Fu was Liu Shaoqi's pseudonym, and before being sent to Shandong, Liu Shaoqi served in the Politburo of the Central Committee, and the reason why the central government sent Liu Shaoqi to Shandong was largely because Liu Shaoqi had served in Shandong.
He has a relatively clear understanding of some of the situations in Shandong. So after Liu Shaoqi received the transfer order, Liu Shaoqi assumed the pseudonym HuFu and braved the severe cold in the spring of 1942 to brave the cold to come to the base area of the Eighth Route Army in Shandong.
People familiar with the 1st generation of the CCP leadership team know that Liu Shaoqi is a typical person who pays attention to research and observation. This is also an important reason why he chose not to use his real name and assume the pseudonym Hufu. After arriving at the base area, he lived in the homes of local villagers, eating the same food and doing the same work as the local villagers.
Living in a peasant home, he quickly found out the main situation in Shandong at that time through talks with the leaders of the party and government departments in Shandong, including the reactions of the responsible comrades of the street mass organizations. After finding out the situation in Shandong, he pointed out the key to Shandong's problems with his keen insight and judgment.
It is said that the treatment of diseases should be done to the right medicine, since we have found the disease, then how to solve this disease, Liu Shaoqi has a set of his own ideas in his heart. At that time, Liu Shaoqi took the lead in holding a forum, and he decided to first solve the problem of the ideological road.
In Liu Shaoqi's view, the ideological line is the root of a department that wants to go long, if once the cultivation is broken, then no matter how much nutrition we water, the trunk cannot thrive. It is worth mentioning that at that time, Liu Shaoqi did not point out the ideological problems in Shandong at that time.
On the contrary, he was listening carefully to everyone's opinions and statements at the beginning. After he had listened to everyone's thoughts, he first fully affirmed the undertakings made by various departments in Shandong in their posts, and at the same time seriously criticized some shortcomings of our leading body.
His affirmations and praises are well founded, and he has a full summary of the investigation in his hands. Through a large amount of data, he corrected some of the blind optimism and excessive pessimism in the Shandong leadership at that time, which were two completely different psychological states. In the end, he issued three more decisions, and it was these decisions that gradually unified the thinking of the leading departments in Shandong.
Some people say that Comrade Liu Shaoqi's three decisions are a pioneering move by Liu Shaoqi in response to the situation in Shandong, including the party and government departments. After the implementation of the three decisions, the dilemma in Shandong was immediately reversed, and people had to admire the wisdom and ability of Comrade Liu Shaoqi.
In the process of implementing the three decisions, Liu Shaoqi also went deep into the masses and continued to follow his mass investigation. He chatted with the local people many times, asked them what they thought of the policy, and asked them whether the rent and interest rate reductions were in place.
With such a good leader to do mass work, do we have a reason not to win? In fact, in Liu Shaoqi's work for many years, he often talked about doing a good job of mass work. He said bluntly that if we could not mobilize the organization, so many masses, all around our Party, we would certainly not be able to do our own work.
In his heart, our Party is based on the mass base and the activists, and the masses of the people even determine our economy, finances, grain production, including military supplies. He put in place the work of the masses and laid a solid foundation for the solution of Shandong's problems.
With the implementation of a series of policies after the meeting, the problem in Shandong was finally solved by Comrade Liu Shaoqi. Seeing the thriving Shandong, Comrade Liu Shaoqi was worried about the people of Yan'an, so at the end of May he decided to pack his bags and return to Yan'an to work. Who knew that before he returned, he unexpectedly received a telegram from the chairman.
What is puzzling is that this telegram is noted top secret, which makes Comrade Liu Shaoqi nervous at once. In his office, Comrade Liu Shaoqi opened the telegram alone. I saw that the chairman in the telegram meant that he should leave Shandong to make overall plans and preside over all the military and political work in Shandong on behalf of the central authorities.
Of course, the chairman's telegram was not a hammer and a hammer, but on the contrary, he was seeking the opinion of Comrade Liu Shaoqi. When Comrade Liu Shaoqi had not yet made a decision, the chairman once again sent a secret telegram to Comrade Liu Shaoqi on July 9 of that year.
In this telegram, the chairman once again emphasized Shandong's status as a military stronghold. The chairman also implicitly expressed: We are now in the period of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and we must pay attention to our relations with the Kuomintang. But the chairman also made it clear that after the victory of the War of Resistance, if Chiang Kai-shek agrees to our demands, then the two sides will still maintain peace.
At the end of this telegram, the chairman deliberately stressed that Comrade Liu Shaoqi was asked to burn the telegram after reading it and not to make a sound. Comrade Liu Shaoqi understood the chairman's worries and knew that the current situation was the honeymoon period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. So he chose to stay in Shandong and made immortal contributions to the development of Shandong.
From the cold winter of the steep material to the fruit hanging on the treetops in the autumn of April, Liu Shaoqi worked in Shandong for half a year. During these days, he always lived in the homes of the people's hometowns, and always lived and fought with the people of Shandong.
Some people say that Comrade Liu Shaoqi has absolute insight and a high degree of principle, including extremely decisive judgment and the ability to solve problems. From the Shandong issue, we can see that Comrade Liu Shaoqi is wise and foolish, and he is strategizing. The arrival of Comrade Liu Shaoqi brought about rapid development in Shandong during the difficult period, and his trip to Shandong is also known as an important turning point in the local people's War of Resistance.
In our view today, whether it is Chairman Mao or Comrade Liu Shaoqi, their first-generation leaders have absolute decisiveness and love for the people who are concerned about the masses. It is on this basis that their bodies will always radiate the brilliance of great men and be admired by our people.