The Battle of Wu, also known as the "Battle of Liangtang", was a sensational battle between Jin and Chu in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Warring States period. The humiliation of the Chu army's defeat in the Battle of Chengpu temporarily gained the upper hand in the struggle for hegemony in the Central Plains. King Zhuang of Chu also established the status of the "Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons" because of the victory in this battle.
Spring and Autumn Five
Pre-war preparations
The Chu army personally heard about the Jin army crossing the Yellow River, and internally had different views on the issue of war and peace. King Zhuang of Chu wanted to retire, and his beloved vassal Wu participated in the main battle, making Yin Sun's uncle Ao lord and lord. Sun Shu'ao said: "In the past, I entered Chen, and now I enter Zheng, and I am endowed with things." Battle without victory, the meat of ginseng is enough to eat? Wu Shan debated: "If you win the battle, Sun Shu'ao will have no plan; If you lose the battle, my flesh will be in the Jin army, how can you eat it? Ling Yinsun Shu'ao ordered "Nan Yuan, Reverse Xu", that is, to turn the front of the car, reverse the banner, and prepare to withdraw.
Wu Shan said to King Zhuang: "Jin Zhi's politicians are new and have failed to carry out orders. His Zoxiank was unkind and refused to use his life. The three handsome men will not be able to get it. Listen to the supreme, who is suitable for obedience? This trip also, the Jin division must have failed. And if the king flees, what if the country is? King Zhuang replied wordlessly, and ordered Ling Yin to turn the head of the car north, and the army was stationed in Guan (present-day Zhengzhou, Henan) to continue.
The Jin army was stationed at Ao and Bu (二山居) in present-day xingyang county north of Henan Province. In order to survive, Zheng Guo only seeks two strong and one dueling male and female, so as to choose victory and follow. He sent Emperor Shu as an emissary to persuade the Jin army to attack Chu, saying: Zheng Guo thus compromised the Chu state in order to remedy the fall of Sheji, and did not dare to have a different heart for the Jin state. The Chu state was overbearing because of the victory, the Chu army in the previous months, was tired, no equipment, asked the Jin army to lead the army to attack, Zheng Jun was willing to be a staff, the Chu army will definitely fail. Regarding Zheng Guo's attitude, the Jin general Zuo also disagreed. The Chinese army Zuo Xianguo took the main battle, saying: Defeat the northern Chu state, and subdue the Zheng state, it is in this battle, and a promise to Zheng. Zhao Kuo and Zhao Tong agreed with Xian Gui's opinion, saying: "Since leading the division, only the enemy has sought. What about defeating the enemy? It will be from the yanzi! The Xiajun Zuoluan Shu held that since Chu had set up a mediocrity state ( in the east of present-day Zhijiang County , Hubei Province ) , its monarchs in the country did not admonish the people at any time, the people's livelihood was poor, and the disaster was at any time, and it was not enough to guard against the light and the heavy. We cannot rely on victory without persuading officers and soldiers in military affairs, so the king won every victory and finally perished. The monarch is not arrogant, and the three armies are prepared. Zheng Guo advised us to fight, and if we win, they will follow us; If we lose, they will obey the Chu state. It's to take us to divination! Can't listen to Zheng's! Zhao Shuo said: Luan Shu said well, listening to his words can make the Jin kingdom last a long time. However, the Chinese general Xun Lin's father was indecisive and failed to make a decision.
King Zhuang of Chu
The course of the war
The Chu army sent Fan Ji to test the military situation of the Jin state, saying: The action of our army is to pacify zheng guo. How dare we offend the Jin Dynasty? Please don't have to stay here. The Jin Shangjun Zuoshi would reply: "King Xiping ordered me to be the First Emperor Wen Of the Emperor: 'With Zheng Jiafu Zhou, do not abolish the king's order!'" Zheng did not lead the government, and the king asked his courtiers to ask Zheng, how dare he insult others? Dare to worship the humiliation of the king's fate. Xian Su felt that the answer was more flattering, and sent Zhao Kuo to change it to another: The Great King sent our army to drive Chu out of Zheng Guo, saying: There is no enemy! We didn't dare disobey orders.
The Chu army knew that the Generals of the Jin Army were not in harmony, and sent emissaries to make peace with the Jin Army, and the Jin State made a promise. However, after making an appointment for the meeting date, the Chu army suddenly sent Xu Bo, Job, and Uncle Regent to drive to the Jin army to ask for battle, approaching the Jin army, and the right uncle of the car jumped into the base, killed one person to take his left ear, and captured one person and returned. The Jin people chased after the victory in three ways. Chu Lebo shot an elk to death, and was sent to the Jin army bao yan, who ordered no further pursuit.
The Chu army sought peace in order to slack off the Jin army, and the challenge was still to test the reality of the Jin army.
The situation in various countries during the Spring and Autumn period was distributed
The Jin generals Wei Qi and Zhao Xuan, one seeking to be a gong clan doctor and the other asking to be a qing, did not get it, so they resented and wanted to make the Jin army defeated. They petitioned to challenge the Chu army, but were not allowed; Asked to go to the league, was allowed.
After the two left, the generals Zuo Shihui and Hao Ke pointed out: The army must be prepared for battle, otherwise it is bound to lose. But the Chinese army Zuo Xianguo said: "The Zheng people persuade the battle, and the Fu dares to conform to it; Chu people seek success, and Fu can be good. If the teacher has no destiny, what is it to prepare more? "Refusal to prepare for battle. Therefore, the shihui ordered Gong Shuo and Han Chuan to set up seven ambushes in front of Ao Shan to expand their protection. Zhao Baoqi, the doctor of the Chinese army, sent his troops to prepare ships on the riverbank.
Wei Qi first went to the Chu camp to challenge, and was beaten away by Chu's general Pan Yu. At night, Zhao Xuan went to the Chu camp again, sat on the ground outside the Chu army gate, and ordered his subordinates to attack the Chu camp. The King of Chu commanded Zuo Guang to catch up with Zhao Xu, who abandoned his car and fled into the dense forest. After Wei and Zhao were on the road, the Jin army assigned a chariot to welcome them. Chu general Pan Yu was on the road to pursue Wei Qi, and when he saw the dust coming from the tun chariot, he returned to the camp and reported, "The Jin army is coming!" Chu ordered Yin Sun Shu'ao to worry about the difficulties of the King of Chu, and ordered the whole army to deploy and form three phalanxes: Gong Yin Qi would be right and Tang Hou would be left to attack the Jin army. Sun Shu'ao said: "Enter it, I'd rather be thin and thin, and look around and no one will cook me!" "Poem" Yun 'Yuan Rong ten times, to start first,' the ancestors also. "Military Chronicle" Day: The ancestors had the heart to seize people', Bo Zhiye. "The Chu army attacked quickly," the car galloped and ran, riding the Jin army. "
Battle of Pong
In the attack, the Chu general Pan Yu led the victory in pursuit, and Wei Qi's forty rides also joined Tang Hou's right-wing phalanx.
The commander of the Jin Dynasty, Xun Lin's father, saw that the Chu army was attacking in a big way, there was a strong enemy in front and the Yellow River in the back, and he was so flustered that he even knocked on the war drum in the Chinese army and said: "Those who cross the river first, there is a reward!" In the confusion, lower and middle-class armies rushed to the riverbank and competed for boats to cross the river. The first person to board the ship slashed the ship with a knife, and the hull was broken in many places and could be lifted.
The Jin army scrambled for a ship and fled
The Jin army collapsed to the right flank. Chu Right Moment chased after Jin's lower army, and Left Moment chased Jin's upper army. Because the Jin army was prepared for battle, it did not panic or retreat. In this battle, jin only went undefeated.
In the rout of the Jin army, the son of Xun Shou, the grand master of the Jin army, was captured by The Chu emperor Xiong.
Xun Shou immediately led all his soldiers, driven by Wei Qi, to launch a counterattack against the Chu state. The subordinate sergeants followed suit and went to rescue Zhi. In the counterattack, the Chu state grand master Lian Yin Xianglao was shot and killed, and The younger brother of King Zhuang of Chu, Gongzi Guchen, was captured.
Although the counterattack was to save his son, it objectively played a role in covering the crossing of the river by the jinzhong and lower armies.
The fleeing Jin army scrambled to cross the river in boats and roared all night. Some chariots were stuck in the mud and could not move forward, and the Chu people taught them to pull out the horizontal wood in front of the car. The horses still could not enter in a circle, and the Chu people taught them to pull out the team flag and shake off the horizontal wood in front of the rudder before the chariot rushed out of the pit. The Jin army turned back to the Chu people and said, "I might as well run the number of great powers, (Alas!) I didn't have the trick of waiting for the Chu people to know the wind and escape, which was intended to sneer at the Chu state every time it lost the battle before, and was good at escaping)."
The next day, the Chu army was stationed at Hengyong, and military supplies arrived in Shaodi. The king of Chu sacrificed the river god in Hengyong and built the ancestral hall of Chu Xianjun. Defeat the enemy after playing a victory at the Temple of the Ancestors.
In the autumn of that year, Father Lin of Jin xun returned to the Jin kingdom with scattered troops and demanded execution. Jin Jinggong originally wanted to agree, but after being advised by Shi Zhenzi, Jin Jinggong still used Xun Lin's father as a marshal of the Chinese army.
King Zhuang of Chu became the overlord of the Central Plains
The result of the war
The Battle of Wu was an important battle in the Jin-Chu struggle for hegemony. Chu Shengjin was defeated, and Zheng Guo of course bowed his head to chu. In order to control the entire Central Plains, King Zhuang of Chu attacked the Song Kingdom. In the autumn and September of the twelfth year of King Ding of Zhou (595 BC), King Zhuang of Chu went out to attack the Song Dynasty, and after nine months of siege, the Song kingdom fell into difficulty, reaching the level of "changing children and eating, and analyzing bones to make a cup". However, jin could not save the jin state, so in March of the following year, the Song state surrendered to Chu. After the Song state fell to the Chu state, Lu also turned to the Chu state. Chu was friendly with Qi again. At that time, the situation in the Central Plains was completely under the control of the State of Chu, and King Zhuang of Chu achieved the supremacy of the Central Plains as he wished.