Source: Haobang Communications
Tian Yunqiao
Tian Yunqiao (1909-2003), a native of Weifang City, Shandong Province, joined the Communist Party of China in 1931, engaged in the struggle on the hidden front in Shanghai for a long time, and served as a member of the Shanghai Underground Party Countermeasures Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Fight side by side with business legend Dong Zhujun
In the course of Tian Yunqiao's struggle on the hidden front in Shanghai, Dong Zhujun, the founder of the Jin Jiang Hotel in Shanghai and a legendary woman, is a key figure worth writing.
13-year-old Dong Zhujun
Dong Zhujun, a female middle school haojie, is a staunch ally of the Chinese Communist Party, and asked to join the Chinese Communist Party as early as 1935. She worked alone in Shanghai Beach, founding the Jinjiang Chuan Restaurant on March 15, 1935, and the Jinjiang Tea House in early 1936. Kuomintang military and political leaders, as well as the leaders of the Green Gang and the Red Gang, Jin Jinrong, Du Yuesheng, and Zhang Xiaolin, were regular visitors to jinjiangchuan restaurants. However, Dong Zhujun had his heart set on the Communist Party, covering up and helping many ccp underground workers.
Dong Zhujun
In the summer of 1945, Tian Yunqiao received a special mission from the Enemy Works Department of the New Fourth Army to Shanghai, to get in touch with an old comrade whom the Party Central Committee had asked to find, and at the same time to visit Dong Zhujun, who had long had secret contacts with our Party. At that time, Tian Yunqiao's professional cover was a businessman, and he was called "Boss Song" to the outside world, and the first time he met Dong Zhujun in a suit and leather shoes was through the back door of the Jinjiang Hotel.
Dong Zhujun wrote in his autobiographical book "My Century": "Around July 1945, shortly after the Yongye Printing House opened its doors, Xiang Ming (then secretary of the Party Committee of the Northern Jiangsu District of the New Fourth Army), Gao Yuan (deputy director of the Enemy Industry Department of the New Fourth Army), and Cao Diqiu (director of the Administrative Office of the New Fourth Army) jointly discussed and decided to send Comrade Tian Yunqiao, who worked in the Enemy Industry Department of the New Fourth Army, to contact me after he came to Shanghai on behalf of the New Fourth Army. He lived in the Yongye Printing House, and we met at a round table between the pavilions on the second floor of Jinjiang, and although we met each other for the first time, we looked like old friends who had been reunited for a long time, and our conversation was so informal, cordial and frank. "The Yongye Printing House was founded by Dong Zhujun at the request of the Enemy Industry Department of the New Fourth Army. Its main task was to publish newspapers and print leadership instructions, documents, and propaganda materials when the New Fourth Army attacked Shanghai.
On New Year's Day 1946, Tian Yunqiao officially bid farewell to the combat life on the front line of the army, and took his wife Fang Si, who was already pregnant, into the forefront of the Shanghai anti-rebellion struggle laid the groundwork for the liberation of Shanghai by the Central Military Commission.
Tian Yunqiao and his wife, who had just arrived in Shanghai, did not have a suitable foothold for a while because of the shortage of funds. Dong Zhujun, who learned of the situation, did not hesitate to step forward to help, and arranged for them to live in their own house on Meier Xi'ai Road (now No. 6, Lane 163, Maoming South Road). Telling about Tian Yunqiao's rebellion in Shanghai, his wife Fang Si played a role that was indispensable. Fang Temple's real name is Zhang Chaosu, originally a big lady of a famous family in Shanghai Beach, whether it is going to school or shopping, there are private cars to pick up, and there is a large group of nannies and servants in the family. However, FangSi, who was influenced by revolutionary and progressive ideas, was determined to devote himself to the revolution, and at the age of 16, he and his family did not quit and went to the revolutionary base area in northern Jiangsu to train and grow up in a difficult environment of struggle. Although Fang Si, who had been away from home for several years, wanted to go home to see, given the complexity of the party's hidden struggle, Tian Yunqiao and his wife not only could not live in Fang Si's house, but also could not let their families know that they were in Shanghai. And because Dong Zhujun is a social celebrity, it is eye-catching, and after living for three months, Tian Yunqiao and his wife changed their residences.
Until the summer of 1946, Tian Yunqiao's second brother Tian Zhongji came from Chongqing to Shanghai and lived in a three-story Shikumen building at No. 71, Lane 202, Dou Le'an Road (now Duolun Road) in Hongkou, where the brothers were reunited for many years, and Tian Yunqiao also lived on the second floor of this place, and did not move out until the end of 1948, and this move was due to a sudden emergency. It was a cold and windy night, and Zang Kejia, a famous progressive poet wanted by the enemy, knocked on the door of the Tian family and asked for shelter, and Tian Zhongji did not hesitate to cover the Zang Ke family's stay; but Tian Yunqiao, who shouldered the heavy responsibility of the CCP's rebellion against the enemy and the people's liberation army into the city, could not have the slightest negligence and luck, and he quietly found a suitable excuse, and the couple immediately withdrew from the Duolun Road residence.
Dong Zhujun (right) and daughter Xia Guoying
Tian Yunqiao was appointed by the party organization as a direct contact with Dong Zhujun. Dong Zhujun herself did not understand the significance of intelligence, but her extensive personal resources provided Tian Yunqiao with a large amount of information conducive to our party's struggle; when the CCP's hidden front needed to expand and rebuild printing houses and import and export trading companies, Dong Zhujun still actively invested under the condition of tight funds, and his profound righteousness and upright and enlightened attitude made Tian Yunqiao very respectful. In the revolutionary struggle, Tian Yunqiao and Dong Zhujun formed a deep friendship, and Dong Zhujun originally told Tian Yunqiao about his origins. In his later years, Tian Yunqiao published an article entitled "Dong Zhujun who Struggled All His Life", which introduced Dong Zhujun's revolutionary experience more comprehensively.
Plotted against the Shanghai gang forces
In the underground struggle to liberate Shanghai, Tian Yunqiao had an important task, that is, to carry out united front work against the Shanghai gangs and their leaders. The Party organization made a detailed analysis of the gang forces in Shanghai, especially after Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai in 1927 with the help of gang forces, the gang forces penetrated into the Kuomintang's party, government, military, police organizations, and other fields of society. Therefore, it is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable liberation of Shanghai, in addition to the powerful offensive of the PLA on the frontal battlefield, to go deep into the gang organizations to carry out differentiation and disintegration, to unite and win over the gang forces, and to prevent them from being used by the Kuomintang reactionaries.
In the summer of 1947, the Shanghai Bureau of the Communist Party of China decided to set up a party gang working committee, with Tian Yunqiao as secretary, and Gu Shuping and Jin Longzhang, who knew and were familiar with the organizational system of the Qinggang and Hong gangs, as members to assist Tian Yunqiao in his work. At that time, there were also pseudo-trade unions in Shanghai's gang organizations, and Tian Yunqiao put his personal safety at risk, showed his identity as a CPC member, personally made friends with the gang leaders of the Qing and Hong gangs, and with his rich experience in struggle and courage to not be afraid of hardships and dangers, conquered the upper echelons of the gang and made them control the disciples without serving or using them for the Kuomintang agents.
In carrying out the gang united front work, Tian Yunqiao learned of a very important situation, after the early Communist Party communist Cai Hesen was brutally killed by the enemy, he left behind his son Cai Lin, who was only a few months old. Li Zhishen, the female leader of the Green Gang, was originally the leader of the Green Gang and had great prestige in the gang. They had a sense of justice and established contacts with the underground party organizations of the CCP as early as the period of the Second Civil Revolutionary War. They run a car shop that is a secret point of contact for the Central Military Commission. He has covered some CCP leaders and also provided cover for the special radio station set up by the Central Special Branch. Li Zhishen's husband died of illness, and Li Zhishen took over the leadership of the gang. Out of admiration and trust for the Communists, she adopted Cai Lin, who was thin and sick. Upon learning of this important information, Tian Yunqiao immediately reported it to the higher-level party organization. Soon after, the Party Central Committee sent a telegram confirming that Cai he and Sen did have a son left in Shanghai, instructing the underground Party members in Shanghai to make every effort to protect the descendants of the revolutionary martyrs. On the eve of the liberation of Shanghai, Tian Yunqiao arranged for Li Zhishen and his adopted son Cai Lin to be protected at the Bai Mansion on Fenyang Road until the liberation of Shanghai.
Plotted an uprising against the Nationalist Shanghai defenders
In order to liberate Greater Shanghai, Tian Yunqiao successfully plotted against Chiang Kai-shek's Three Paratrooper Regiments, as well as Liu Changyi, deputy commander of the Songhu Garrison Command and commander of the 51st Army.
In November 1948, the Shanghai Bureau of the CPC Central Committee established a counter-insurgency committee, of which Tian Yunqiao was a member. In the years of engaging in the work of plotting against the enemy, through contacts and understanding with people from all walks of life in Shanghai, gang members, Kuomintang generals, and other aspects, Tian Yunqiao led his comrades to successfully carry out a series of countermeasures against the Kuomintang army.
In March 1949, Tian Yunqiao received an important task to assist in the uprising of the three regiments of anti-Kuomintang paratroopers. In fact, this work was carried out as early as 1948. Because Zhang Zhiyi, Duan Boyu, and Li Zhengwen, who were engaged in plotting rebellion, were investigated and tracked by Kuomintang agents, the organization decided that the three of them would be immediately transferred to Hong Kong. After the study and decision of the party organization, after the uprising, the troops fought for shipping, and after passing through the enemy's cordon, they drove to Lianyungang. According to the actual needs of the uprising, Tian Yunqiao managed to equip the rebel troops with two navigation technicians, and also purchased nautical charts through comrades working in the China Merchants Bureau to help the rebel troops solve the technical problems that urgently needed to be solved. In the early morning of April 15, the Kuomintang landing ship No. 102 carrying the rebel troops arrived safely in Lianyungang. On the 28th, Xinhua News Agency published a news report on the uprising of the three regiments of paratroopers. Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu sent a telegram: "Congratulations on your heroic action of breaking away from the Kuomintang reactionary clique and joining the People's Liberation Army, and I hope that you will strive to study politically and technically and strive for the construction of the paratroopers of new China," and ordered the Kuomintang 102 landing ship to be incorporated into the people's navy.
In the summer of 1948, Through Li Zhishen's introduction, Tian Yunqiao met Wu Weiguo, who was a lieutenant colonel in the Kuomintang Shanghai Gendarmerie Corps. On the eve of liberation, Wu Weiguo collected information on the change of defense of the gendarmerie regiment and passed it on to Tian Yunqiao in a timely manner, thus successfully instigating an uprising of a regular company formed unit against the gendarmerie regiment, disarming the entire gendarmerie regiment, and safely handing over all weapons and equipment to the People's Liberation Army. Immediately afterward, Tian Yunqiao successfully plotted an uprising against the Kuomintang Army's mobile unit and the Shanghai Customs Customs Police Brigade through the participation of party members of the CPC's underground "work committee" system and personnel of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense who had already been plotted against. In late May 1949, the south of the Suzhou Creek had been completely liberated, and tens of thousands of remnants of the Kuomintang defenders were surrounded in the area north of the Suzhou Creek and south of the Nylonabahama, occupying favorable terrain for a final battle. The Central Military Commission ordered that in order to protect the lives and property of the people of Shanghai and the excellent historical buildings, heavy firearms should not be used to attack them, and the downtown area of Shanghai must be taken over in its entirety. This is the battle to liberate Shanghai, which Chen Yi figuratively likened to "fighting rats in a porcelain shop".
In the early morning of May 25, Tian Yunqiao rushed to the headquarters of the 81st Division of the People's Liberation Army stationed at the Second Labor Hospital on Jiangning Road. Luo Weidao, political commissar of the 81st Division, briefed him on the progress of the battle at that time. Tian Yunqiao suggested that personnel be sent to plot a rebellion against the Kuomintang 51st Army stationed on the other side of the Mint Bridge, and his proposal was in line with the requirements of the front-line command. Tian Yunqiao immediately contacted Wang Zhongmin, who had already been reversed, because he and the commander of the 51st Army were old friends who could appear and speak. Under the cover of our army, Wang Zhongmin successfully arrived at the enemy headquarters to meet the high-ranking personnel of the defenders, and contacted Tian Yunqiao, who analyzed the situation and advised Xiao Yi to be righteous, eliminated the doubts of the top brass of the Kuomintang 51st Army, and agreed to cross the bridge to negotiate with the Platon Army Department. At 4 p.m., Tian Yunqiao participated in the negotiations between Commander Nie Fengzhi and the top brass of the Kuomintang 51st Army, and after reporting to Commander Chen Yi for approval, agreed to the uprising of the Kuomintang 51st Army. On May 27, the north bank of the Suzhou River was completely liberated, and Shanghai, a far eastern international metropolis, was completely returned to the hands of the people.
On the eve of the liberation of Shanghai and in the early days of liberation, the underground party of the Communist Party of Shanghai, in accordance with the instructions of the Party Central Committee and the Shanghai Bureau, vigorously carried out the struggle against destruction, massacres, migration, protection of factories, protection organs and schools, and organized the People's Security Corps in eastern and western Shanghai respectively to ensure the complete protection of the entire city of Shanghai. The party organization appointed Tian Yunqiao, who had both experience in underground struggle and a understanding of military struggle, as the leader of the Huxi People's Security Brigade, and Ma Chungu as the political commissar. Under their leadership, the workers' struggle to protect the factories in the western Shanghai region was carried out in an orderly manner, preserving strength for the restoration of Shanghai and the construction of a new Shanghai.
In his later years, Tian Yunqiao
It is precisely because of the fruitful differentiation and rebellion carried out by the "Tian Yunqiao" against the enemy that the bloody sacrifices of more PLA soldiers were avoided in the liberation of Shanghai, the safety of people's lives and property was guaranteed, and the integrity of excellent historical buildings was ensured.
【Source: Haobang Communication】