Recently, the "ecological killer" of Canada has reappeared, invading Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi and other places, and chengdu has also found their traces.
In fact, invasive alien plants are not uncommon in Chengdu. In addition to a Yellow Flower in Canada, Lantana, Safflower Sorrel, A Bunch of Red, Eucalyptus, etc., are common invasive alien plants around Chengdu people. Relevant data show that there are 158 species of invasive alien plants in Chengdu, of which 71 species are obviously harmful.
One canadian yellow-flowered plant that is more than one person tall
Lantana, Fat Baby Grass...
These common plants are actually invasive alien species
According to the 2019 Bulletin on the State of China's Ecology and Environment released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China in 2020, more than 660 invasive alien species have been found across the country, of which 215 have been invaded into national nature reserves. 71 species have posed or are potential threats to natural ecosystems and are included in the List of Invasive Alien Species in China.
A Canadian yellow flower that appeared in Chengdu this time was included in the "Second List of Invasive Alien Species in China". In addition, lantana, hollow lotus grass, aircraft grass, hyacinth, amaranth, wattle mustard, and annual peng, which are on the list, are all distributed in Sichuan.
Among them, the hollow lotus grass has invaded the Yunqiao Wetland, a water source protection area in Chengdu.
Hollow lotus grass, Chengdu people call it "fat baby grass". Between 2010 and 2012, staff from the Chengdu Kanghua Community Development Center surveyed the Yunqiao Wetland and found that the fat baby grass was increasing in the wetland, constantly squeezing the growth space of other organisms, resulting in the most common local rhombus leaf phoenix began to decrease.
In 2013, the Kanghua Center began to organize volunteer manual excision. A battle with the "Fat Baby Grass" for the wetlands began. After years of hard work, by 2017, the crazy growth of "Fat Baby Grass" has been effectively controlled.
"We used it to feed pigs more than 20 years ago, and we have dealt with it because it encroaches on the space of crops." Wang Qingyu, a local villager, said, "It is much better than before, and it is no longer full of land."
Hollow lotus grass
So, how many invasive alien plants are there in Chengdu? The following set of data can be glimpsed in one or two:
◆ There are 158 species of invasive alien plants in Chengdu, belonging to 110 genera in 42 families. According to field surveys, the three families with the most species are Asteraceae (36 species), legumes (17 species) and Grasses (13 species), accounting for 41.77% of the total, and the genera with the most species are Amaranth (8 species), followed by Aphidum (4 species). ◆ Among the invasive alien plants in Chengdu, there are 101 species of native Americans, 20 species in Europe, 6 species in Africa, 6 species in Asia, 4 species in Oceania and 21 species distributed across continents of origin. It can be seen that among the invasive alien plants in Chengdu, the species originating from the American continent are the most numerous, accounting for 63.92%. ◆ According to the classification principle of invasive alien plants such as Yan Xiaoling, 19 species of invasive alien plants in Chengdu are malignant invasive species (level 1 invasion), of which 10 species are from the Asteraceae family; 32 species are severe invasion species (level 2 invasion), 20 species are local invasive species (level 3 invasion), 41 species are general invasive species (level 4 invasion) and 46 species to be observed (level 5 invasion). The invasive species whose invasion levels are classified from level 1 to level 3 have obvious harmfulness, with a total of 71 species, accounting for 44.93%.
Invasive alien plants (partial) in Chengdu, a bunch of red, eucalyptus, Yu meiren, and allium are very common.
In addition to plants, what other invasive alien animals are there in Chengdu?
At the end of March and the beginning of April this year, an auxiliary police officer in Xichang, Sichuan Province, was bitten by a red fire ant at work, and he developed symptoms of confusion and breathing difficulties, and then was urgently sent to the hospital for treatment. Fortunately, the auxiliary police officer was treated in time and was out of danger.
The red fire ant, which originates in the southern Americas, is a major invasive insect and has been identified by the IUCN as one of the 100 most harmful invasive species. Since 2004, the current distribution has expanded to many places in China, and there are red fire ants in Sichuan Province, Xichang, Panzhihua and other places. In September this year, red fire ants also appeared in Chengdu Jintang.
Red fire ants
In addition to the red fire ant, bullfrogs and Fushou snails in the "List of Invasive Alien Species in China" are also "regulars" in Chengdu and even Sichuan.
At present, in the natural waters of Sichuan, the most "conspicuous" alien species is the Fushou snail. In June this year, residents of Wanchun Township, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, reported that there were a large number of eggs of Fushou snails on the stones in the pond next to the local Tianxiang Road. The relevant person in charge of the Science and Education Department of chengdu agriculture and rural bureau said that summer is the peak period of breeding of Fushou snails, and Chengdu will arrange district (city) and county agricultural departments to concentrate on the treatment of this type of invasive alien species every year.
According to Zhang Zhiying, director of the Fisheries Administration Department of the Sichuan Provincial Fisheries Bureau, Fushou snails were introduced for food in the early 1990s and have a strong reproductive ability, and they are everywhere in a year or two. Like Lianghe Park, you can see the surrounding wetlands and rice fields, etc., and if you look closely, you can see the pink and lumpy eggs of Fushou snails. "It can be said that it has been flooded, but it has not become a disaster." Zhang Zhiying introduced that its own characteristics and the self-adjustment ability of the ecological environment have offset some of the impacts.
Fushou snail egg mass appearing in Wenjiang, Chengdu
How to prevent invasive alien species? How to cure it?
According to the 2020 State of China's Ecological Environment Bulletin, 71 of the more than 660 invasive alien species found across the country have posed or are potentially threatening to natural ecosystems. So, how to prevent, manage and control invasive alien species?
According to Dahe Bao, on January 20 this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the General Administration of Customs, and the State Forestry and Grassland Administration issued the "Work Plan for Further Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Alien Species Invasion" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), which gave specific prevention and control measures for "alien species invasion".
◆ Carry out surveys, monitoring and early warning of invasive alien species
For the management of invasive alien species, the Plan points out that on the basis of the invasive alien species initially grasped in China, a census of invasive alien species will be initiated in various areas such as farmland, fishery waters, forests, grasslands and wetlands, and the number, distribution range and degree of harm of invasive alien species in China will be clarified through about 3 years.
At the same time, relying on the basic information platform of national land and space to build a monitoring and early warning network, in border areas and key areas such as major ports of entry, main grain production areas, and nature reserves, with the focus on major crop diseases and insects, forests and grasses and exotic pests, monitoring stations (points) are set up, and normalized monitoring is organized. And through strengthening the tracking of cross-border and cross-regional alien species invasion information, we will build a big data intelligent analysis and early warning platform for hierarchical management, strengthen data sharing between departments, and standardize the management and release of early warning information.
According to the Sichuan Rural Daily, this year, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized an inter-departmental joint meeting on the prevention and control of invasive alien species in Sichuan, emphasizing that through about 3 years, by the end of 2023, to find out the occurrence of invasive alien species in Sichuan Province, establish a list of lists, specimen libraries, and complete the summary report.
◆ Strengthen the prevention and control of foreign species at ports of entry
According to experts, these "overseas visitors" mainly have three channels to enter China: one is the natural invasion of air flow, water body flow, and insect and bird transmission belt; the second is intentional introduction, such as for ornamental, feed and other purposes; the third is inadvertently introduced, with the import and export trade of sea ships or inbound passengers are inadvertently introduced.
Obviously, ports of entry have become an important route for the invasion of alien species.
The "Plan" points out that relevant departments must strengthen the quarantine supervision of inbound goods, means of transport, express mail, mail, passenger baggage, cross-border e-commerce, border people's mutual market and other channels, strictly dispose of intercepted invasive alien species, and give play to the role of customs in anti-smuggling comprehensive management, severely crack down on illegal acts of illegal introduction, carrying, mailing and smuggling of alien species, and effectively block the illegal entry channels of alien species. Strengthen the allocation of inspection facilities and equipment at ports, improve the technical level of laboratory quarantine, testing and identification, and improve the customs port control capacity and quarantine defense line at the port of invasive alien species.
It is reported that in 2020, the post office customs under Chengdu Customs intercepted 2 fresh taro-like plants from the incoming mail from Thailand, initially screened out weed seeds and isolated a large number of live nematodes. Weed seeds have been identified as mangosteen and nematodes are of the genus Slippery Blade and Nematodes. Among them, M. lucidum is a perennial ground-paved herb of the genus Pinus asteraceae, which is included in the "List of Invasive Plants in China" and is a Class 2 severe invasive plant.
Plumeria seeds
◆ Classify and implement policies, treat small diseases early, and go all out to kill
The Plan clearly emphasizes the strengthening of the management of invasive alien species in areas such as farmland and fishery waters. At present, China focuses on the interception and prevention and control of major hazards such as grassland night moths, potato beetles, apple beetle moths, and red fire ants in the production of alien species, adheres to the classification of policies, early treatment of small diseases, and all-out culling, lays obstruction belts in key areas, integrates green prevention and control technology models, and establishes comprehensive management demonstration areas.
At the same time, strengthen the supervision of the breeding of aquatic alien species, and promote the comprehensive management of aquatic invasive alien species such as water hyacinth, Fushou snail, crocodile eel and so on. Strengthen the comprehensive management of foreign invasive malignant weeds such as purple-stemmed Zelan and ragweed that endanger the agricultural ecological environment, strengthen biological control and biological substitution, and steadily carry out centralized eradication.
At present, China's relevant departments, combined with the construction of relevant ecological protection and restoration projects, have done a good job in the management of major invasive forest and grass species such as pine wood nematode, American white moth, mutual flower rice grass, and vinifera. And carry out the comprehensive treatment of malignant invasive weeds that endanger the forest and grassland wetland ecosystems such as tribulus terrestris grass and yellow flower solanum. Strengthen the comprehensive management of invasive alien species in nature reserves, and promote the management of invasive alien species in urban and rural greening areas.
◆ Establish a risk assessment mechanism for invasive alien species
China has strengthened research on the identification standards, diffusion laws, hazard mechanisms, and loss assessments of invasive alien species. In terms of key technology research and development, in view of key links such as port inspection, emergency extinguishing, biological control and ecological restoration, accelerate the research and development of practical technologies, products and equipment such as rapid identification, efficient trapping, and biological natural enemies, and form a comprehensive treatment technology model and achievements that can be copied and easily promoted.
In addition, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Biosecurity Law of the People's Republic of China, revise the emergency response plan for the invasion of alien species in agriculture and forestry, and improve the emergency response mechanism. Formulate and revise technical standards for the classification of risk levels of alien species, testing and identification, investigation and monitoring, and comprehensive prevention and control. Establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for the prevention and control of invasive alien species, establish an expert committee on the prevention and control of invasive alien species, and strengthen policy consultation and technical support for prevention and control work.
◆ Strengthen popular science publicity and legal policy interpretation
In addition, combined with the theme publicity activities, the relevant laws and regulations and policies are interpreted to the general public, and the knowledge of invasion prevention and control of alien species is popularized. The prevention and control of alien species invasion will be regarded as an important part of national security education in colleges, middle schools, and primary schools, exploring participatory and practical education, and guiding and enhancing the awareness of the prevention and control of invasion of alien species among young people.
It is worth mentioning that in February this year, the Supplementary Provisions of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on the Implementation of the Crimes Determined by the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (VII) for the prevention and control of invasive alien species stipulate the crime of illegally introducing, releasing and discarding invasive alien species.
In addition, Yu Shengxiang, an associate researcher at the Beijing Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also said that individuals do not buy, abandon, release and dispose of exotic animals and plants at will, which also has a positive effect on the prevention and control of alien species invasion.
Internship Editor Xiang Caixia Comprehensive Red Star News Dahe News CCTV News Sichuan Rural Daily Chuanguan News China News Agency and so on
Resources:
Invasive Alien Plants of Chengdu City, Xu Bo, Gao Xinfen, Tu Weiguo/Editor-in-Chief (Science Press)
Species Characteristics and Fauna Analysis of Invasive Alien Plants in Chengdu Deng Hengning, Liao Min, Ju Wenbin, Li Meng, Gao Xinfen, Xu Bo/Author (Journal of Biosafety)
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