Zhang Ji's famous seven-piece poem "Fengqiao Night Berth", the whole poem has a total of four sentences and twenty-eight words. In addition to the third sentence, "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City", the other three sentences can almost all be picked out by posterity as "wrong".
Professors, experts, and scholars from all walks of life and old not only suspect that the "midnight bell" was invented by Zhang Ji, but they also slashed words on issues such as "crying," "frost-filled sky," and "Jiang Feng," which frequently caused controversy.
Some netizens said: These professors, experts, and scholars just eat and have nothing to do, and they love to study these useless things. In Tang poems, are there fewer "hazy" and inexplicable poems like "Fengqiao Night Berth"?
For example, most of Li Shangyin's "untitled" poems, especially the famous "Jinse Unprovoked Fifty Strings", even experts who study Tang poetry can't understand what it is about. But no one ever cut his "words" and said that there were common sense problems in his poems.
So, why do professors, experts, and scholars prefer to look for Zhang Ji's stubble of "Fengqiao Night Berth"? In fact, it is not because they have eaten, but because the influence of this poem is too great.
In fact, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth" had already spread to Japan, and it had become a household name in Japan. In modern times, the poem was also included in japan's basic education curriculum.
After arriving in the Qing Dynasty, the status of "Fengqiao Night Berth" in Tang poetry was greatly improved. In modern times, people have repeatedly composed and painted the poem, which has expanded its scope of dissemination in disguise.
At the same time, this song "Fengqiao Night Berth" also brought the tourism industry of Hanshan Temple alive, so that the "closed bridge" was directly renamed "Fengqiao". And this poem appeared in Japan, "women and children can recite"; as a Chinese, it is not a joke that they cannot understand its true connotation?
In other words, the study of the Tang poem "Fengqiao Night Berth" is actually related to the "cultural output" and the prosperity of tourism, so it is natural to form a so-called "hot spot" in the folk, and it is difficult for people not to study and find faults.
"Maple Bridge Night Berth" - Tang Zhang Ji The moon is falling and the frost is full of frost, and the river maple fishing fire is sad and sleepy. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, midnight bell to the passenger ship.
This song "Fengqiao Night Berth" is a necessary article in the language textbook, and the general meaning is understood by everyone, so I will no longer translate it here. Zhang Ji left a total of 48 poems in the Quan Tang poems, but the only one famous is "Fengqiao Night Berth".
After the poem came out, it caused a great controversy in the literary circles of the Song Dynasty because of the problem of "midnight bells". The first person to mention it was Ouyang Xiu, the literary leader of the Song Dynasty, who also had mixed reviews of the poem.
Therefore, until the Ming and Qing dynasties, when these ancient literati selected the seven "works of scrolling" of Tang poetry, literary figures like Hu Yinglin and Wang Shizhen did not count "Fengqiao Night Berth" among them. It can be seen that the status of this poem at that time was not too high.
The elevation of this poem's "jianghu status" in China is actually from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the modern era. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a scholar named Guan Shiming, who mentioned Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth" for the first time in his "Reading the Ordinary Examples of Tang Poetry in the Snow Mountain Room".
Guan Shiming believes that this poem is enough to be compared with the Tang Dynasty Wang Zhizhuo's "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and the isolated city is a thousand and one thousand mountains", Li Bai's "The White Emperor's Colorful Clouds, a Thousand Miles of Jiangling One Day", Wang Wei's "Persuade the Jun to drink a cup of wine, the west out of yangguan without a reason" and so on.
Later, in the late Qing Dynasty, a scholar named Yu Fan found that when the Japanese traveled to the Wuzhong area, they would definitely go to visit Hanshan Temple, and they would also recite Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth".
A Japanese tourist even told Yu Yu that the three-foot child of his country could not recite a poet. And in a popular song that swept Japan, the sentence about "midnight bells" in this poem is also used.
In modern times, there are also people who continue to use the poem "Fengqiao Night Berth" as the theme to create music and art, which increases the dissemination of this poem. In addition, the attractions of Hanshan Temple and this poem were "deeply bound" as early as the Song Dynasty.
But everyone who has been to Hanshan Temple knows this poem "Fengqiao Night Berth"; people who know this poem will also go to Hanshan Temple when they pass through Suzhou. In this case, people will naturally become more and more curious about the content mentioned in this "Maple Bridge Night Berth".
According to relevant historical records, the "Fengqiao" outside the Hanshan Temple, which was actually called "Sealed Bridge", was built in the Tang Dynasty period and is located next to the town of Fengqiao outside the Gate of Suzhou. Later, because Zhang Ji's song "Fengqiao Night Berth", the bridge was renamed "Fengqiao".
At the same time, because this poem has been renamed, it is not only this bridge. There are also some later articles mentioned in the "Wu Ti Mountain", I don't know what its real name is, but it can be confirmed that it was because of the famous sentence "The moon is falling and the sky is full of frost", which was renamed "Wu Ti Shan".
For this reason, some descendants, unknowingly, insist that "crow" is not a bird, but refers to a mountain, saying that the "cry" mentioned in the poem is "crying mountain", which is the obvious cause and effect.
The Qing Dynasty scholar Yu Fan once said that in the Wuzhong region, there were no less than a thousand temples, of which only Hanshan Temple was famous. It is because of this poem by Zhang Ji that the fame after Hanshan Temple will become more and more large.
Some people have examined that Zhang Ji actually wrote another poem while writing "Fengqiao Night Berth", so they deduce from this that Zhang Ji climbed the outline of The Gate city of Suzhou after the Anshi Rebellion.
At that time, Zhang Ji saw a desolate area outside the city, the fields were covered with grass, and when the Qingming Festival came, there was no one to sacrifice, so he wrote "Fengqiao Night Berth". However, the understanding of the content of the poem by later generations may not be Zhang Ji's original intention.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, a prime minister during the Song Dynasty, named Wang Jue, liked Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth" very much, so he personally carved a stone stele for this poem, standing in the position of Fengqiao, which has experienced hundreds of years.
Later, when this stone stele reached the Ming Dynasty, it may have been destroyed by the war, or it may have been weathered and worn, so the great calligrapher Wen Zhengming carved it again, and also moved this stone stele to the Hanshan Temple.
By the time of the Qing Dynasty, because it had gone through a long period of time, the words on this stone tablet had become blurred again. During the Guangxu period, an official named Chen Kuilong invited the famous epigrapher Yu Quyuan to re-carve the stele.
So, who is this Yu Quyuan? He is the same Yu Fan that we mentioned earlier, he called himself a Quyuan resident, a famous scholar, writer, classicist, paleographer, and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty, and his attainment of ancient literature was very high.
Yu Fan not only re-engraved this stele, but also publicized the influence of "Maple Bridge Night Berth" in Japan to the Chinese people. Later, Yu Yu's grandson Yu Yuyun took over his grandfather's "gun in his hand" and continued to promote this song "Fengqiao Night Berth".
Yu Majesty Yun said: "The Tang Dynasty is seven and has many excellent works. This poem was transmitted to Japan, and all women and children practiced to recite it...". Later, after the vigorous publicity of the Yu family, we knew that in 1939, the Japanese wanted to transport this stone stele away.
As a result, the Japanese were still afraid of causing public anger and did not dare to directly transport it away, so they could only find someone to reproduce a piece. However, in the end, I don't know for what reason, the re-engraved piece, the Japanese could not bring out of China's country.
Although the great literary scholar Ouyang Xiu's evaluation of Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth" was mixed, after the comments of "June 1st Poetry", this poem was already very famous in fact.
Because Zhang Ji originally wrote the poem in the temple of Hanshan Temple or on the edge of Fengqiao, it is a more conspicuous text, so later anyone who passes by Hanshan Temple or Fengqiao can see it.
Coupled with the stone stele carved by the chancellor of the Northern Song Dynasty later, the reproduction of the calligrapher Wen Zhengming of the Ming Dynasty and yu Fan of the Qing Dynasty, and the vigorous publicity of the Yu family, the reputation of this poem has become more and more large, and the tourism industry of Hanshan Temple has become more and more developed.
For a well-known Tang poem, everyone can memorize it, but they still can't understand the meaning of it, of course, someone has to go to the truth. Therefore, it is not that Zhang Ji has a problem with this "Fengqiao Night Berth", nor is it that the experts are deliberately looking for fault.
Li Shangyin's poems, in fact, there are many problems, but no one is so true to cut his words. This is probably because the things written by Li Shangyin are related to myths, which are really too mysterious for ordinary people to interject at all.
For example, Li Shangyin wrote "JinSer unprovoked fifty strings, one string and one pillar Sihua Nian", if you don't listen to Teacher Ye Jiaying's class, you may not know that this allusion is still related to the Yellow Emperor.
Another example is Li Shangyin's writing of "Yaochi", "Yaochi Amu's window is open, and the yellow bamboo song is moving.". It turned out that the "Yellow Bamboo Song" in it was three "mourning poems" written by King Mu of Zhou. These things, if you don't read a lot of ancient books, will be very difficult to understand.
And these things are not as close to the lives of ordinary people as "moonset", "crow", "frost", "river maple", "fishing fire", "bells", "passenger ships", and have nothing to do with "cultural output" and "popular attractions".
Therefore, ordinary people simply have no way to find Li Shangyin's stubble, and even if professors and experts find Li Shangyin's stubble, ordinary people will not pay attention to these at all. In this way, it is natural to lining Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth" as "very problematic".