This year marks the 140th anniversary of Lu Xun's birth, and people reread Lu Xun in various ways. In addition to the popularity of the TV series "The Age of Awakening", the fire of memes, and the hot sale of cultural and creative products, publications about Lu Xun are also continuing to heat up. According to statistics, from January to August this year, the publishing houses sold more than 1,500 kinds of Lu Xun's works, with a total sales volume of more than 2 million copies. Many researchers and writers have also launched new works to interpret Lu Xun's family life, life trajectory, hobbies and other aspects, helping today's readers to get closer to a more real and multi-faceted Lu Xun.
The original meaning of "bowing down to the cow of the widow" is to relieve ridicule
Chinese read Lu Xun mostly through his writings. To fully understand Lu Xun, we must not fail to understand his family. This year, Dayou Book Company published the Lu Xun Family Book, edited and annotated by Huang Qiaosheng, executive deputy director of the Lu Xun Museum in Beijing, which is the most authoritative annotated version of Lu Xun's book to date.
The "Lu Xun Family Letters" completely contains fifty letters from Lu Xun to his mother Lu Rui, nineteen letters to his brother Zhou Zuoren, seventy-eight letters to his wife Xu Guangping, and three family letters to other relatives, all of which are original letters, showing a true and warm Lu Xun as a son, as an elder brother, as a husband.
"In general, the letter to the mother, respect, calmness, restraint; Letters to brothers showing the love of close cooperation with brothers in middle age; To the lover is a dense and enthusiastic talk. Huang Qiaosheng found that in Lu Xun's letter to his mother, the most important content was to report to the mother on his son's growth, which was also a way for Lu Xun to express "filial piety". One spring, when their son was burned by boiling water, Lu Xun and Xu Guangping were very nervous, took therapeutic measures, and explored the reasons, it turned out that there was an oversight in the handover of the two nannies' jobs. Lu Xun described the causes and consequences in a letter to his friend, sighing: "This child is not wronged, although he has not yet invented the 'ass warm ice method' (There is no ice to be warm in Shanghai), but the passive resistance method such as refusing to eat already has it." At this time, I often had to say a few kind words to him to calm things down. I've never succumbed to anyone like that. If I can do this to my parents, it is a filial piety, and I can go to the 'twenty-five filial pieties'. ”
Few correspondences between Lu Xun and his two younger brothers survived, and the surviving group of letters deals mainly with creation, translation, and family affairs. At that time, the three brothers jointly translated foreign short stories and prepared them for publication. "From these letters, the reader can see how specific they discussed and how thoughtfully arranged, such as deliberating on the selection of articles, dealing with magazines, especially the way to help the third brother build people, which can be described as painstaking."
In March 1925, Xu Guangping wrote a letter to Lu Xun as a "schoolboy taught", and since then the two have corresponded frequently, from teachers and students to lovers to partners, getting along for more than 10 years. The correspondence between Lu Xun and Xu Guangping records the hesitation and choice of the two in love, and talks about the world and human feelings. When they talk about current affairs and judge people, there are praises and criticisms, there is anger, there are humorous jokes, and there is no lack of affectionate words. After living together, they compiled the letters into the Book of Two Places in chronological order. Lu Xun particularly emphasized that the book "has no revolutionary atmosphere", in his eyes, life is rich and colorful, soldiers have to fight, but also have to eat and fall in love.
"There was a period when people, in order to shape Lu Xun's strong demeanor and the image of a fighter, intentionally or unintentionally covered up his warm side. Reading these family letters of Lu Xun helps us to better understand the image of Lu Xun, or help us to find a balance between the warrior and literati images of Lu Xun that we have already recognized. Huang Qiaosheng gave an example, Lu Xun's poetry association "horizontal eyebrows cold to a thousand fingers, bowing down to the cow", the previous sentence talks about social struggle, although the next sentence is also extended to "serve the people", but Lu Xun's original meaning is to talk about family life. "Lu Xun had a son in his later years and was very pampered. Some people ridiculed him for doting on children, and he used 'bowing down to the cow' to explain the ridicule. ”
Visited the glass factory 480 times in 10 years
"Never been so eager to like an old man." The writer Cai Fengshuang, who is a media person, is a super fan of Lu Xun. He lived next door to the Capital Library and spent three or four years reading the biography of Lu Xun that he could find, as well as a compilation of his articles written by others, until he was immersed in it. "It's like digging a treasure hole, countless treasures make people addicted, Lu Xun is too charming!"
In order to facilitate the reading of Lu Xun, the dishes were all on the pillow, in the toilet, on the desk, and Lu Xun's works were placed everywhere within reach. "Other people read his literature, his thoughts, and I'm more than happy to read about his life, his gestures, his coffee and tea, his way of dealing with the world, his lace gossip." What he loves to read the most is his journal of flowing accounts: how much money was spent yesterday, how many books to buy today, who to eat at yesterday, what movie to watch tomorrow, who to give the day after tomorrow - it seems that there is no ride, but it seems that there is a foreshadowing everywhere, and those trivial and tedious daily routines are the best entry point for me to understand Lu Xun, and it is a mirror to recognize the social life of the Republic of China. ”
Reading Lu Xun read that he could not help himself, and Cai Feng Shuangquan decided to write about Lu Xun. His new book "Lu Xun: Mr. Big, Little Days" from drinking, smoking, watching movies, going to restaurants, collecting, talking about renting, making friends, parenting, love and hate, etc., involving all aspects of Lu Xun, restoring a Lu Xun with a distinct personality, profound and cold, humorous and interesting. "He's not only frugal and frugal, he also knows how to enjoy life, he drinks coffee, eats pastries, takes a car, goes to the cinema to buy the best seat." He keeps pets, goes to temple fairs, eats crabs, and drinks wine. Not only is he a maverick, he is also integrated into worldly life. Weddings and funerals, red and white weddings, he followed his part; He lends money to others, and he also borrows other people's money; He remembered every account carefully, and economic life was a matter of urgency in his eyes. In front of the dessert, he often could not resist the temptation, and he just pulled his teeth out in front of him, and then went to Daoxiang Village to buy pastries. He tried to quit smoking and finally didn't succeed. He often stayed up late and his health was affected. ”
The book writes that Lu Xun is not only a writer, but also a collector. "In the more than ten years of living in Beijing, Lu Xun's frequent visits to the Liuli Factory are also rare among cultural people, and he has visited more than 480 times, of which 1916 is the most, as many as 80 times." After more than ten years of accumulation, Lu Xun purchased a large number of second-hand old books from Liulichang, and it was also the extensive purchase and reading of this period that made Lu Xun's academic standards and writing career go to a higher level.
The study of Cai Feng Shuangquan found that Lu Xun was also an advertising expert and a copywriter. In 1909, Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren's two brothers jointly translated the "Collection of Foreign Novels", and Lu Xun specially published an advertisement on the first page of the Shanghai Times in order to sell more. In Lu Xun's advertising slogan, explaining the price is a necessary element, and he knows that the average book lover is most concerned about the price. In order to encourage everyone to buy, he will also emphasize 'buy quickly', because 'the number of prints is limited'. On 'hunger marketing', Lu Xun is the ancestor. ”
Mr. Fujino did not know who Lu Xun was
How should today's children read Lu Xun? What exactly does Lu Xun look like outside the textbook? In order to help young readers understand the deep meaning behind Lu Xun and his works, Yan Jingming, vice chairman of the China Writers Association and an expert on Lu Xun, decided to write about Lu Xun for the children. His new book "Such Lu Xun" follows Lu Xun's footsteps, takes Shaoxing, Nanjing, Sendai, Beijing, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other cities as the axis, and presents a rich, comprehensive and three-dimensional image of Lu Xun for young readers through rich and vivid stories and in-depth and simple works.
"This book is not a biography, let alone an academic study, it is a story. These stories were not made up by me, but were sorted out from Lu Xun's works, and some were found through memoirs and interviews made by Lu Xun's contemporaries, including some of his relatives. Yan Jingming found that there are many stories and even gossip about Lu Xun on the Internet, and as a researcher of Lu Xun, he has the responsibility to stand up and guide them correctly and write these stories with an academic attitude.
"Lu Xun has cared for the youth all his life and pinned the hopes of the nation and the country on the youth. Young people are also the most accessible people to Lu Xun. "In the book, Lu Xun's care for young people has many stories." When Lu Xun was in Shanghai, there was a journal that made headlines every time and gave him a high fee for the manuscript, and Lu Xun wrote a special article criticizing him for this, saying that now the publications are becoming more and more snobbish, only recognizing famous people, and giving them high remuneration, does this not mean that those young writers are suppressed? Such an approach is totally undesirable. ”
For the representative works of Lu Xun in primary and secondary school textbooks, "Such Lu Xun" also made some malleable analysis. For example, Lu Xun's famous essay "Mr. Fujino" has a little-known story behind it. After Lu Xun's death in 1936, Fujino was still living in Japan. Someone took a Japanese translation of Lu Xun's collection and told him that there was a "Mr. Fujino" in it. But he had no idea who Lu Xun was. Such a huge contrast is very interesting, why does one person repay the fountain of water, and the other person does not know at all? There are both personality, age and other reasons, there is another reason, at that time China was poor and weak, Lu Xun was very painful to go to a foreign country, so he was very sensitive to everything around him, like Fujino, even if he proofread the typos in his notes, give him a little encouragement to learn, it was a great encouragement for him. ”
Yan Jingming believes that Lu Xun, as the greatest literary scholar in modern China, has always maintained its popularity among readers, but there are also many misreadings. "The main purpose of my book is to express such an image of Lu Xun, who has a serious, cold, and critical side, but also a warm, generous, and vivid side. But neither can be abandoned, nor can it be countered by emphasizing his warm side, so the title of the third chapter of the book is called "The Battle Is Not Endless", and the battle is a very important part of his life. We must know a complete Lu Xun, and we must look at it from many aspects. ”
Reporter: Li Li
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