Sima Guang's cemetery is located in Mingtiaogang in the north of Xia County, through the right side of the monument is the Zen Temple, the left is the Land, Sima Wenguo Gong Shendao Stele, the inscription describes Sima Guang's life achievements, the "Zhongjing Pure Virtue" on the stele is Song Zhezong's handwriting, and the inscription is Su Dongpo's pen book. Sima Guang was the official and prime minister, and the glory of his life was almost vividly reflected in the inscriptions. Perhaps sima guang's greatest achievement should be the historiography of the Zizhi Tongjian, as well as the smashing of the cylinder incident when he was a child, and the opposition to Wang Anshi's change of law. Good or bad may not be able to be commented on in words, but the impact left on the world is positive energy.
Sima Guang (1019-1086), a native of Xia County, Shaanzhou (Xia County, Shanxi), known as Mr. ShuiShui, was a politician, historian and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, and a figure of great influence during the Northern Song Dynasty. The surname Sima originated from the father of Cheng Boxiu in Western Zhou, and during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, Cheng Boxiu's father, Sima Shi, was in charge of the state army, and was later given the surname sima for his meritorious service to the Zhou royal family, and Cheng Boxiu's father was the orthodox ancestor of the Sima surname. Later, the surname Xu, hao and birth were changed to Sima surname,
Sima Guang's distant ancestor was Sima Fu the Prince of Anpingxian of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty were Sima Guang's reigning dynasty, and it is clear that Sima Guang's surname was not from the cheng boxiu father's branch. Sima is a small surname, and the ranking of the hundred family names is not high, but there are many celebrities with the surname Sima in history. Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Yi of the Three Kingdoms, and Sima Yan, the first emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, were all well-known figures in history.
Sima Guang's grandfather Sima Xuanjinshi was born as an official to Fuping County, and his father Sima Chi served as a soldier langzhong and a hanlin scholar, who was a qingzhi and benevolent person, and a famous courtier in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Sima Guang was born and raised in a privileged environment after the imperial family, an official eunuch family, and had rich educational resources, which made the future official road journey quite smooth.
The historical masterpiece "Zizhi Tongjian" has been used to this day, and perhaps this is the greatest historical wealth left by Sima Guang to posterity. There was also a textbook in the primary school textbook that Sima Guang smashed the cylinder, and after learning this text at that time, I felt a little admiration for the intelligence and wisdom of this 8-year-old child. The teacher has always let us take Sima Guang as an example, use more brains, and learn from Sima Guang's cleverness. It's just a pity that since I was a child, I can't see the water tank, I don't know where to smash the tank, and what naughty ghost is willing to jump into the water tank and wait for people to smash the cylinder.
According to the book, the child sima Guang saved was called Shangguan Shangguang, and Shangguang changed it to thank Sima Guang. The Shangguan family is also a famous and prestigious family, and after Shangguan Shangguang was rescued, the Shangguan family came to thank them with thick and heavy gifts. Later, he set up more than twenty banquets at Sima's house and ate and drank heavily for several days. Sima Guang and Shangguan Shangguang also became inseparable good partners.
Later, Shangguan Shangguang entered the official field in the examination, Sima Guang was relatively good, and the career path of the jinshi was bright. Shangguan Shangguang is a clean and honest official, just and upright, and his reputation in history is also very good. Although the two were official officials, Shangguan Shangguang was a local official and Sima Guang was an official of the imperial court, and the two did not have much intersection in the official field. In his spare time, he also gathered together to drink some wine to reminisce about the past, but it was a little unfortunate that Shangguan Shangguang's life was too short and he died early. Shangguan Shangguang was too low-key, and Sima Guang's achievements were too great to cover up Shangguan Shangguang, so there were not too many records of Shangguan Shangguang, so that the understanding of Shangguan Shangguang was not very detailed.
During the Song Dynasty, the imperial court was in deficit and its national strength was weakened, and in order to eliminate the current situation of poverty and weakness since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Anshi entered the counsel and came to a rumbling social reform. Wang Anshi carried out major reforms with the main objectives of developing production, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and saving the crisis of the Song Dynasty court, including military, political, economic, cultural, and social goals. Due to the strong support of Song Shenzong at first, the change of law went smoothly.
With the continuous deepening of the reform law, the national strength has been continuously enhanced, and the national treasury has also been increasing, but the outstanding drawbacks have become more and more obvious. The main purpose of changing the law is good, but in the implementation of the change of the law, it is too eager to make quick gains, so that in the process of changing the law, the caster is too self-contradictory and more and more prominent. Wang Anshi tested the law by example, and he could also restrain the rules of the change, but the spell caster who supported the change was far away, and the implementation of the change brought damage to his own interests and was biased toward self-interest. Some spellcasters even conceal it for their own benefit, accumulating wealth in the implementation of the law change.
After Wang Anshi realized the drawbacks that had arisen in the process of changing the law, he immediately adjusted the rules, and some people in the change of the law took advantage of convenience to behead them. Wang Anshi's timely correction was also able to carry out normally, but in the process of changing the law, China's treasury increased, and the peasants' income decreased, and the income of traditional landlords was also reduced. The people also complained and complained, and the landlords even tried their best to resist, but at this time, the change of law was supported by Song Shenzong, and the peasants and landlords could only sigh. After the death of Emperor Shenzong of Song, the new emperor ascended the throne, and due to the strong opposition of the anti-conservatives, Wang Anshi's change of law was aborted.
Among the conservatives were Su Shi, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang and others, while most of the conservatives were from traditional aristocratic origins. Traditional Guizhou owns land and has economic lifelines such as money houses, and Wang Anshi's transformation method has moved the cheese of traditional aristocrats, which damages the large landlords and the changes of the big nobles will naturally be opposed by conservatives. The work of the Young Seedlings Law in the form of state loans, grain loans, and later payment of interest was originally the work of the landlords, and as soon as the state intervened in the landlords, there was no harvest, so how could the big landlords accept it?
Wang Anshi's original intention of changing the law was to enrich the country and strengthen the army, but the change implemented under the social form at that time was too advanced, although many people did not turn the corner. At that time, the society was rich for the officials, and the families behind the officials were not from the big landlords and the rich families. The change of law can not protect their own industry, and the same is why the viewer supports such changes. Wang Anshi's thinking may be too advanced, but what he did not expect was that the same viewers were all rich and noble, and the emperor's support was good, but the emperor did not support the possibility of people falling to the ground. Fortunately, after Wang Anshi died prematurely after the change of law, he was lucky not to be harmed by the big landlord class in the official field.
Sima Guang's opposition to Wang Anshi's change of law, which was supported by most officials in the social context at that time, was enough to show that the structure of the official field was still dominated by the landlord class, and it was a long process to change from feudal society to capitalist society at once. If Wang Anshi knows how to relax, do not implement the change of law too hastily, and adjust little by little, perhaps a capitalist society can emerge in China. However, Sima Guang's opposition to the change of law also has great advantages, at least China has not taken the step of less capitalist society, otherwise the emergence of capitalism, otherwise China would not have gone directly from feudalism to socialism. The good and bad of Sima Guang's life let history comment that Sima Guang's cemetery is worth a visit, and I wish everyone a pleasant journey.
This article is a memorable manuscript, see things and things, see what they think, think and write, if there is something wrong, please understand. Thank you for reading the draft of this article, please give constructive comments. Original article, plagiarism must be investigated.