This episode is a supplement to the Shahe County Lingchuan, see how the emperor of the Qing Dynasty spent his day!
Notes on daily activities during the Qianlong period
I. Appendix: From the Lüxian Ancestral Palace to the Meihua Pavilion Camp
The following is an excerpt from page 325 of volume 9 of Notes on the Living Quarters of the Qianlong Emperor (guangxi normal university press, December 2002).
(Article on October 19, 2015)
Nineteenth day penta
Up to Yaojiazhuang Xingwei. On that day, Fu Heng, a university scholar, and Liang Shizheng, a co-founder of the university, were instructed to follow the edict: The prefect of Jiading Province, Sichuan Province, was in short supply, and Wang Yuqiang of Mianzhou Zhizhou was in charge. Emperor Yuzong's mansion played the role of Ling Kui, the Duke of Tibet, to beat and kill his family, and he was instructed: Ling Kui was from the front line or evil, and the Duke was deprived of imprisoning people at home, and now he killed his family, which was very hateful. Ling Kui was imprisoned forever by the Jiaozong Renfu. Yu Yiyi.
Also, the official played the August sub-push of the Dali Temple Left Temple, Li Zhaoyu supplemented the inspection, Gong Hou Ding Yi Shu, and was instructed: Li Zhaoyu was intended to be used. In addition, the elderly such as The Soldiers' Elderly Ask for Leave and Should Be Allowed to Take a Leave. Cha liang jiabao, Darji, and Feng Ai once sent troops, should they give them half a hand, Sergekyang Bao NaktuTa Zhen once sent troops to fight, should give the whole army, from the holy grace of a sparse. Decree: Liang Jiabao and others have served in the line, and the original works are retired. Sergekyang Bao naktutachen gives the whole money. Liang Jiabao, Darji, and Feng Ai were given half a hand to feed the rest of the year. Also, the Ministry of Punishment discussed: Yunnan Inspector Tur Bing'a Song, the people Zuo Tianzhang beat Yang Gaobiao to death, should be hanged and imprisoned. Zha Yang Gaobiao died outside Baogu, and whether Zuo Tianzhang could help reduce the case, waiting for King Ding to be neglected. The decree was: Zuo Tianzhang beat Yang Gaobiao to the point of death outside Baogu, so as to avoid death, as usual, reduce the number of hairfalls, and the rest will be discussed.
It is a day, stationed in the Plum Blossom Pavilion camp.
The Notes on the Living of the Qianlong Emperor records the daily words and deeds of the Qianlong Emperor. From the above records, it can be seen that during Qianlong's tour, he constantly read the chapters of various places and handled official affairs, including appointing prefectural and county officials, handling criminal cases, and arranging for the retirement of military officers.
Notes on the Living of the Qianlong Emperor, Qianlong Geng, October 19, 19
2. A day at the Qianlong Emperor
There is a joke in Shahe, in the winter there are two old men who pick up dung in the countryside while picking up and talking on the road, one said, it is so cold, if I become an emperor, cover the quilt and sleep until noon. One said, I want to be the emperor, let my wife boil eggs and eat noodles every day. It seems that if you become an emperor, you have the right to sleep and eat a good meal, so what is the real situation? Let's take a look at the life of this long-lived grandfather from the day of the Qianlong Emperor's activities.
First of all, the Qianlong Emperor did not "sleep until he woke up naturally." In the early Qing Dynasty, the two emperors, Kangxi and Yongzheng, worked hard, were very diligent, set many rules and distances, did not allow their children and grandchildren to be lazy, and had to get up at four o'clock every morning to learn literature and martial arts, a tradition that was maintained until the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Qianlong Emperor naturally could not be an exception, and since he was a child, he followed the princes to go to bed early and get up early, and developed a habit. This may have disappointed the rural uncle who wanted to sleep until noon.
The Qing Dynasty followed the ancient Chinese tradition of tracking the emperor's words and deeds every day by a living official, which was finally sorted out and preserved, called the "Notes on Living". There are as many as 1024 volumes of the Qianlong Emperor's living notes, from which you can see the trajectory of the emperor's day, and it can be seen that being an emperor is not an easy and pleasant thing.
The Qianlong Emperor had to wear red coral beads in his early dynasty
Under normal circumstances, the Qianlong Emperor got up at four o'clock in the morning during the reign of Yin, first approved some of the recitals sent, and then the palace maids helped to put on the imperial clothes of the Shang Dynasty. The imperial dress is majestic and heavy, and one person cannot wear it at all. Especially on the day of the ceremony, the imperial dress is more magnificent and prosperous, even if a imperial crown needs the help of several people to wear it well, otherwise it will lose its prestige because of instability. At five o'clock the Qianlong Emperor came to the Taihe Temple, and at this time the courtiers usually did not arrive, and he would eat breakfast in the side hall. Of course, sometimes breakfast is eaten in the palace. The Qianlong Emperor was not the earliest, and Qi Rushan recorded in "Beiping Nostalgia" that Qianlong's father, the Yongzheng Emperor, was a workaholic and generally began to work at three o'clock in the morning, so the ministers of the Military Aircraft Department also had to get up earlier to keep up with the rhythm of the emperor.
The main task of the Shang Dynasty was to deal with the matters reported by the Six Ministries and the local newspapers, and the Emperor Chaolong was to listen to the reports of the ministers and their opinions on the handling of the matter. Sometimes they quarreled with each other when they disagreed, and the emperor himself weighed the verdict. For those who cannot make a decision for a while, they will issue an edict to "discuss later". Due to the multiplicity of matters, the duration of the meeting could not be determined. At the end of the pilgrimage, at about seven o'clock, the morning meal began, and the food was sumptuous. After the meal, the emperor would continue to approve the recital throughout the morning, handle a large number of requests, and approve red batches such as "I know" and "quasi-play". In the Qing Dynasty, the emperor punished the vices of the Ming Dynasty, and never let the eunuchs catch a pen to "approve the red" for themselves, so as to prevent the eunuchs from monopolizing power and ensuring the eternal stability of the country.
By noon, the Qianlong Emperor was hungry and began to preach supper. Why do you eat "dinner" at noon, we will talk about it later.
After resting until three o'clock in the afternoon, the emperor began to work again, dealing with matters that had not been decided in the morning, consulting the ministers, and soliciting the opinions of the relevant personnel. If you don't have these urgent things, you can take the time to do what interests you. For example, listening to plays, watching Sanxitang FaTi, etc., most of the time, during this time, it is also necessary to arrange to receive Mongolian princes or governors from the localities.
At about six or seven o'clock in the afternoon, the emperor was hungry and began to use the delay. After the meal, at about nine o'clock in the evening, the emperor beckoned his hand and began to "flip the card", at this time the eunuch would bring a plate with the name of each concubine on it, and whoever he turned over, the concubine would be washed and wrapped in the quilt, carried by the eunuch to the emperor's royal bed, and then she slipped into the quilt from the emperor's feet and slept with the emperor, and the eunuch would record the emperor's private life in real time: at a certain moment, a certain concubine! But concubines are not allowed to spend the night here, and they will still be taken away after a spring breeze. Because this is the system: the emperor cannot be overworked. If the hour has arrived and has not left, the eunuch will pull the rooster's throat and shout outside the door: "The hour is to one by one", which is not embarrassing!
The green sign in charge of the worship room
At four o'clock in the morning, the emperor got up again and began to repeat the previous day's life.
Iii. What the Qianlong Emperor went out on tour to eat
Contrary to everyone's imagination, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty ate only two meals a day: breakfast and dinner, instead of the popular three meals a day. This is because the Manchu Qing dynasty began outside the Guanwai and was accustomed to eating two meals a day. This custom was still retained after entering the customs, and even the emperor was no exception. Of course, the emperor was not hungry, in addition to two meals, there were also early and late. During the tour, the emperor's diet also maintained these customs.
The Recipe of the Qianlong Emperor was originally a secret, but in 1924 emperor Xuantong was expelled from the Forbidden City, including Qianlong, and the bottom file of the imperial meal, including Qianlong, was met with the world. These archives are collected in China's first historical archive, and are now photocopied and published, becoming precious materials for us to understand the food of the Qing Palace. According to the archives, we look at what Qianlong ate in a day and how to eat it.
The palace rosewood hollows out the food box to maintain the temperature of the food
Qianlong only eats dinner twice a day, called "breakfast" and "dinner", the reason why it is not called "rice" but "meal", because "rice" and "anti" homophony are taboo. "Breakfast" is generally at midnight (6 or 7 o'clock in the morning), "dinner" is not at 2 o'clock in the morning, in addition to morning and evening to supplement the breakfast and late. The breakfast starts at 5 a.m. and the evening starts at 6 p.m.
At four o'clock in the morning, Qianlong woke up and got up, and the slave immediately sent a bowl of rock sugar stewed bird's nest, Qianlong was fond of this appetizing soup, and he would drink it every morning, and the tour was no exception. According to the imperial dinner stall, we take February 17, 1753 as an example to see how the Qianlong Emperor ate during his tour.
At 4:20 a.m., Qianlong woke up and stewed bird's nest with a bowl of rock sugar.
At 7:00 a.m., start breakfast, seven main courses, six dim sum and soup: the seven main courses are: duck fire smoked tofu hot pot, bird's nest fire smoked fat chicken shredded, lamb black char siu lamb liver save plate, stack chicken, bird's nest tofu, crystal elbow, bad duck. The dim sum and six side dishes are: bamboo roll buns, chicken cake, rolled sand buns, silver sunflower box side dishes, silver plate side dishes four products, accompanied by ducks to blanch chicken su slices. Forehead food (should be the staple food): one table of nine pins of gluttony, four pins of inner tube lead stove food, four pins of meat on a plate of eight pins, and one table of lamb on both sides. The chef came from the Jiufeng Garden in Yangzhou, which had four dishes, which Qianlong rewarded to the accompanying empress and three concubines.
"Imperial Meal Bottom File" The Qianlong Emperor rewarded the empress concubine with a dish
At the end of the day (1:15 p.m.), a cup of Mongolian milk tea, nine main courses, three dim sum, four side dishes and soup. The nine main courses are: duck soup, swallow shoot stewed checkerboard meat, pu cabbage stir-fried meat shredded, spring shoots stir-fried chicken, Su made chicken elbow meat, chicken meatballs, lotus cherry meat, duck waist susten, bird's nest fat duck. The dim sum is: white noodle silk cake millet rice noodle cake, elephant eye chess cake small bun first product, duck for pre-smoking sticky dough. Side dishes and soups are: silver sunflower box side dishes, silver plate side dishes, accompanied by japonica rice meals, bird's nest soup. Forehead food: six products of gluttony, six products of tits, twelve products of tits, eight products of one table of inner tube lead stove, plate meat, eight products per table, two tables of lamb square. He chose four rewards for each to give to the concubines, and the rest were all underwritten.
Late (6pm), main course plus four side dishes, no staple food. The main courses are: dried shrimp for smoked cabbage, spiced pork belly, vinegared poached eggs, sugar fried chicken, side dishes. That night, Qianlong kept the spiced pork belly, and all the others were given to others.
Royal bowl spoon chopsticks knife fork tableware
As can be seen from the above, the Qianlong Emperor had an astonishing amount of food and a strong fighting force. At the same time, meat, especially poultry, accounted for a considerable proportion of his food. At night, pork belly is also full of food, and the habits of the northern peoples are clearly visible.
During the Qianlong period, it was the period of the fusion of northern and southern cuisines, and the meat of the northeast and the pasta of north China were deeply integrated. As can be seen from the diet of the Qianlong Emperor, but seafood in the south does not yet have a proportion in the court recipes. During the Qianlong period, the country was strong and the abundance of food was astonishing! In the Qing Dynasty system, the emperor went out on a tour from a large number of people, and the guards were tight, and the strange stories of the Qianlong Emperor eating small stalls on the side of the road that the Chinese people are talking about today are all "jokes" and are simply impossible.
It should be pointed out that the food on the table is only eaten by Qianlong alone, except for a few festivals and festivals that can be eaten together, only the Qianlong Emperor is sitting at the dinner table, and the emperor's self-proclaimed "Yuan" or "widow" is still accurate, and the "wife and child hot kangtou" of ordinary people is really an unattainable luxury for him! In this world, everyone has their own loneliness and helplessness, and the emperor is no exception.
Breakfast restoration: two pieces of rice noodles, one piece of soup, five products of high head, twelve pieces of vegetables
About the Author:
The author is on Mount Guangyang
Li Junxing, born in March 1965 in Shahe City, graduated from the Department of Philosophy of Hebei University. He is a member of the Hebei Provincial Prose Literature Association and a member of the Xiangshui Poetry Society. Since childhood, he has loved history, studied classics, recited poetry, was good at thinking, liked to write historical geography and philosophical thoughts, and also wrote poetry.
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