There is no way to learn poetry, and the "poem" here refers to the Book of Poetry. Confucius once said: "Recite three hundred poems, teach them to govern, do not reach; make them in the four directions, can not be specific to each other; although there are many, they also think?" What Confucius meant was that a person who could recite three hundred poems had made a great deal of effort. Even if such a person does not handle internal affairs well and deals with diplomacy externally, then it is useless to recite more poems. It can be seen that at that time, the "Book of Poetry" held an extraordinary position in the country's internal and foreign affairs.
Today, through a diplomatic meeting in zuochuan, we will give a concrete account of how the Book of Poetry is used in state affairs.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the background of the event</h1>
This incident occurred between Lu Wengong and Zheng Mugong in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the reason was that Zheng Mugong wanted to ask Lu Wengong to do things for him, hoping that Lu Wengong would act as an intermediary to match him and restore friendly relations with the Jin State.
Jin Guo and Zheng Guo were originally allies, but later encountered some things and broke down.
In the sixth year of the Duke of Luwen, the Duke of Jinxiang died.
Since no heirs were designated in advance, a series of civil unrest broke out in the Jin Dynasty around the issue of heirs.
In the end, under the strong intervention of Zhao Dun, the secretary of the Jin Dynasty, the young Duke of Jinling was proclaimed as the monarch of the country, and the Jin state was temporarily settled. Due to the young age of the monarch, the specific affairs of the Jin state were jointly discussed and handled by the six secretaries headed by Zhao Dun.
This transfer of power in the Jin Dynasty also has some sequelae. Internally, the doctors on the defeated side fled to the death, weakening the strength of the Jin state; externally, the Qin state once sent an army to escort the Prince Yong of the Jin state back to the throne, but the Jin state refused, and also fought a war with the Jin state, and the two great powers of Qin and Jin formed a liangzi.
There is a saying called "the blessing is incomparable, the misfortune is not alone", the friction between Qin and Jin has not yet been dealt with, and the Chu state in the far south is also ready to move.
In the ninth year of the reign of Duke Wen of Lu, Fan Shan of the Chu State suggested that King Mu of Chu, taking advantage of the fact that the Jin State was in a state of doubt and internal and external troubles, sent an army north to dominate the Central Plains.
The State of Chu first attacked the State of Chen, and then the State of Zheng. Zheng Guo and Jin Guo are allies, Zheng Guo is difficult, and Jin Guo cannot ignore it. So Zhao Dun hastily gathered other allies to rescue Zheng Guo. Due to his own domestic affairs and the need to guard against retaliation by the Qin state, Zhao Dun did not dare to stay outside for too long. After making a rescue gesture, he did not meet the Chu army and withdrew to the base camp.
The State of Chu was also a powerful country, and Zheng Guo, seeing that the State of Jin was powerless to rescue it, reached an alliance with the State of Chu and established an alliance relationship. Zheng Guo recognized the new eldest brother, and the old covenant with the Jin state naturally collapsed.
In just a few years, there were many rebellions within the State of Chu and the decline of national strength; the State of Jin re-established its hegemonic position due to internal rectification of internal affairs and the defeat of the State of Qin externally.
In this context, Zheng Mugong was restless, worried, and always worried about retaliation from the Jin state. Therefore, he wanted Lu Wengong to lead the way and reconcile with the Jin State again.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the magic of the book of poetry</h1>
In the thirteenth year of The Duke of Luwen, the Duke of Lu wen visited the Jin Dynasty, and by the way consolidated the alliance between the two countries. Passing by Weiguo when he went, the Weiguo monarch asked him about his friendship with the Jin kingdom. On the way back to China, he passed by Zheng Guo again, and Zheng Mugong was already waiting for him in the fei place, and there was something to trust.
The original text of the "Left Biography" records as follows:
Zheng Bo and the public banquet yu (fei), the Zi family endowed "Hong Yan". Ji Wenzi said: "The widow is not exempt from this." Fumiko endowed "April". The Zijia family gave the four chapters of the "Zai Chi". Wen Zi gave the four chapters of the "Cai Wei". Zheng Bobai. Pray goodbye.
In just a few words, it seems that nothing has been said, and a few poems have been given to each other, and the matter is done. This shows the importance of the Book of Verses, and if one party cannot answer it, it will be impossible to communicate. On such occasions, it is necessary not only to express accurate intentions, but also to learn and apply them, which is exactly the words of Confucius: "To be in the four directions, we cannot be specific to each other; although there are many, we also think that?" ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > how to reach an agreement with poetry</h1>
Now everyone must be wondering, how exactly did they reach an agreement? Let me take a closer look.
Zheng Guo's "Hongyan", the content is very long, we excerpt a point:
Hong yan yu fei, suppress its feathers.
The son is in the sign, and the qu is in the wild.
And the people, mourn the widowhood (guan).
The wild goose is a kind of bird, the larger one is called hong, and the smaller one is called a goose. The meaning of this passage is: the flying geese, the feathers make a solemn sound, seeing such a scene, think of this person who is serving outside, still toiling in the wilderness, his nose is sour, and laments: "Sympathize with this widowed man." (The goose is a social animal, in stark contrast to the lonely man in service.) ）
Zheng Guo defected to the State of Chu and broke with the State of Jin. Unexpectedly, the Jin state rose again, but the Chu state gradually declined, unable to protect the Zheng state, and the Zheng state fell into an isolated and helpless situation. The mood of this poem coincides with Zheng Guo's situation, and Zheng Guo's doctor uses this to pretend to be pitiful, hoping to win the sympathy of Lu Wengong, hoping that Lu Wengong can go to the Jin State on behalf of Zheng Guo to unblock relations and re-conclude the covenant.
Ji Wenzi, the doctor of Lu Guo, understood the meaning of The family of Dr. Zheng Guo. He replied, "The widow is not exempt from this." "It means that our monarch will inevitably be in such a situation. The implication is that it is not easy for a small country to survive in the cracks between large countries and a small family.
Sympathy turned to sympathy, but Ji Wenzi did not immediately agree to the zi family's request. He replied with a song called "April":
Summer in April, summer in June.
Ancestor bandit, Hu Ning endured.
The gist of this sentence is: "April is summer, and in June it is extremely hot, so don't you pity me?" ”
Probably because the ancient traffic was not developed, Lu Wengong and his party had just returned from the Jin Kingdom, and then turned back to the Jin Kingdom to do things for Zheng Guo, and they had to delay for two or three months, and these two or three months were just summer, hot summer, the journey was rushing, not very comfortable, Ji Wenzi expressed embarrassment.
The Zi family pleaded, and Ji Wenzi shirked. Since the matter entrusted to him was related to the future and fate of Zheng Guo, the matter was large, and the Zi family did not give up.
Next, the Zijia gave the fourth chapter of "Zai Chi":
I walk in the wilderness, and peng its wheat.
Controlled by the great state, who is because of whom pole.
Doctor gentleman, no I have you.
What I think is not as good as I am.
The gist of this passage reads: "I walked in the field and saw the wheat growing luxuriantly. I'm going to ask the big powers for help, but who can I trust? Who can be anxious about me? Doctors, gentlemen, don't blame me for doing something wrong, even if you have a hundred kinds of good intentions, you might as well go for a run myself. ”
This poem has its specific background, saying that Weiguo was destroyed by Beidi, The weiguo clan was exiled, and Lady Xu Mu, who married Xu Guo, was a princess of Weiguo, and she was so anxious that she wanted to use Xu Guo's power to rescue her mother's family. Xu Guo's doctors and gentlemen did not want to take risks, blindly saying good things to comfort her, and did not take substantive action. Madame Xu Mu then made up her mind, if you don't go, I'll go myself.
The meaning of the Zijia is obvious, that is, we are here to comfort each other, sit and talk, what use can it be? Although it is very hard to run, if you want to promote this matter, you still have to bother the monarch of your country to personally go.
Speaking of this, Ji Wenzi was not good enough to refuse again. Otherwise, he would have become the same person as the hypocrites of Dr. Xu Guo, which was an injustice to the monarch. So Ji Wenzi returned the fourth chapter of the "Tsai Wei":
Perveh, Wei Changhua.
Pyrus ho, the gentleman's car.
The chariot is both driven and the four industries are in the industry.
How dare you settle down, three victories in January.
The gist of this passage is: "What flower is in full bloom?" It is the flower of Tang Di. Whose car is that car? It's a gentleman's car. The chariot was ready, and the four horses pulling the chariot were tall and majestic, so how dare they settle down in peace and stability? Three victories in a month. ”
"Tsai Wei" is a poem about conquest, and the main tone of the poem is to express the homesickness of a long-term serviceman. To use it here, it means that although we want to go back quickly, but the responsibility is on our shoulders, how dare we be lazy? Since this is the case, let's go to the Jin kingdom for the sake of your country's affairs.
Zheng Mugong understood Ji Wenzi's meaning, and got up to thank Lu Wengong, and Lu Wengong returned the salute, and this matter was completed.
There is no way to learn poetry, and on such diplomatic occasions, poetry becomes a political language. Since politics is at stake, it is necessary to be cautious. Once a mistake is made in the verse, it is not just a simple word mistake, but a terrible political mistake. As a politician at that time, I must study well and make good use of the Book of Poetry. Only in this way can we be at ease in various political occasions.
About the "Book of Verses", if you have anything to say, welcome to leave a message in the comment area to discuss, if you like, don't forget to like and pay attention to me