Yelü Xian (948–982 CE), second son of Emperor Yelü Nguyen of Liao, was the fifth emperor of the Liao Dynasty in China. In 969, Emperor Muzong of Liao was killed by his attendants, and Yelüxian was elected emperor with the honorific title of Emperor Tianzan, changed his name to Yuan Baoning, and the temple name Jingzong.
<h3>Early life</h3>
Liaojingzong Yelüxian
Emperor Jingzong of Liao, born in the second year of Liao tianlu (September 1, 948), was the second son of Emperor Shizong of Liao, and his mother, Empress Xiao of Huaijie, was four years old when his parents died in the Vulcan Rebellion. He was also nearly killed, but later rescued. However, it has also fallen ill. After his cousin Emperor Muzong of Liao succeeded to the throne, he was raised in Yongxing Palace. Although Mu Zongshi was drunk and sluggish (because of his excessive drinking and feasting, rising in the middle of the day, the middle of the country was called the Sleeping King), indiscriminately killing left and right, and plotting rebellion for the sake of political cruelty, every rebellion was peaceful. As Yelü Xian grew older, a group of ministers of culture and military affairs gathered around him, and he was secretly plotting to regain his father's throne. It was only because of its secret plot that it was not detected by Emperor Muzong of Liao. One day, Yelüxian and Han Kuangsi were discussing the current affairs of the dynasty, and Yelüxian came forward to stop it, and Yelüxian realized that he would no longer speak of current politics.
On February 21, 969, he entered the palace to see Emperor Muzong of Liao, who said, "My son, you have grown up and can deliver the government to you." On the twenty-second day, Emperor Muzong of Liao was finally killed by his attendants in a vicious way, and YelüXian led the Flying Dragon Envoy Nuli, the Servant Xiao Siwen, and the Southern Privy Counsellor Gao Xun to lead a thousand cavalrymen to rush to it. In the same month, with the support of the Khitan and Han ministers, Yelüxian took the throne, honored the title of Emperor Tianzan, and changed his era name to Baoning, which was for Emperor Jingzong of Liao. From the beginning of Jingzong, the throne of Liao has been passed from the Yelübe clan to the end of Liao, and even to the Western Liao. This had a direct impact on the later completion of feudalization in the Liao Dynasty and the establishment of the primogeniture system.
<h3>The Lord of ZTE</h3>
After Jingzong ascended the throne, a series of reforms were carried out, which laid the foundation for the later prosperity of the Holy Sect. He first adopted a policy of tolerance toward political opponents in order to ease the contradictions at the top of the ruling hierarchy. For example, he posthudged Yelü Lihu as emperor, did not wantonly kill political enemies, and so on. The second is to appoint yelü wushi, Yelü Xianshi, Gao Xun, Guo Xun, Yelü Hugo, Yelü Sha, and other sages and good generals to rest with the people and humbly seek advice and treatment. Three cleansing of officials, leniency and reduction of criminal law. The Dengwen Drum Temple was re-established so that the people had a place to seek grievances and appeased the people. As a result, the internal political stability, the prosperity of agriculture and animal husbandry, and the war against the Song Dynasty slightly prevailed. Bringing the Liao Dynasty back to strength, Jingzong was the veritable lord of the Liao Dynasty.
<h3>The Liao-Song Dynasty fought</h3>
Since 936, when Emperor Taizong of Liao acquired the land of Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures because of Shi Jingyao's sacrifice, all the kings in zhongyuan had the ambition of restoring Yanyun.
In the sixth year of Later Zhou Xiande (959), The victorious Zhou Shizong Chai Rong took advantage of Emperor Muzong's internal affairs in Liao to attack Yanyun in the northern expedition. Liankehao, Mo, Ning, Yijin, Waqiao, Nanguan and other three prefectures and seventeen counties. Sejong wanted to take advantage of the victory to take Youzhou, but he returned from illness. After the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizu devoted himself to the south, and except for the Northern Han Dynasty, there was no conflict with the Liao Dynasty, and the two sides were generally harmonious.
After Emperor Taizong of Song succeeded to the throne, in the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Taizong of Song (979), Emperor Taizong of Song personally invaded Taiyuan and defeated the Han Liao army; he took Taiyuan and forced the Northern Han lord Liu Jiyuan to surrender, and the Northern Han dynasty fell. Later, Emperor Taizong of Song did not accept the advice of his subjects, and disregarded the objective reality that the Song army had been tired from the long war, and led the Song army from Taiyuan to the Northern Expedition, hoping to restore the land of Yanyun. As a result, the Liao generals Yelü Sha and others were first blocked under the city of Youzhou, and then they were defeated by Yelü Hugo and others at the Gaoliang River. Emperor Taizong fled back in an ox cart wounded by an arrow for the Battle of the Gaoliang River. The Northern Expedition of the Song Dynasty was defeated, and the relations between the Liao and Song Dynasties were also broken. Since then, the Liao army has successively sent troops to attack the border areas of Song and Liao, and there have been constant conflicts and victories and defeats.
Jeroboam
In October of the second year of Qianheng (980), Emperor Jingzong personally led a large army to attack the Song, and defeated the Song army at Waqiao Pass, capturing several Song generals and killing many people. It was for the Battle of Waqiao Pass. After that, Jingzong collapsed and the war was suspended.
<h3>Passing away young</h3>
From an early age, Yelüxian was too frightened and sickly, and Empress Xiao (953-1009, small character Yanyan, original surname Bali) became a participant in the political and military affairs of the Liao Dynasty.
On September 24 of the fourth year of Qianheng (October 13, 982), Yelüxian died at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve five in the palace of present-day Datong City, Shanxi Province, during his hunting. The temple name is Jingzong, and the emperor xiaocheng Kangjing is known as emperor. He was buried in Qianling (located in present-day Beizhen, Liaoning Province). The liang king Yelü Longxu ascended the throne, and the military affairs obeyed the empress's orders.
On the fifth day of the first lunar month of the first year of reunification (983), he was honored as Emperor Xiaocheng and the temple name was Jingzong. In the twenty-first year of Chongxi (1052), he was made Emperor Xiaocheng Kangjing.
This article was co-edited by Toutiao Encyclopedia user Decadence 6420, Li Jiuliang, user 8966920019783.