Shigu Academy is one of the oldest and most famous academies in China, an important birthplace of Huxiang culture, it was founded in the early years of the Tang Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, and has a history of more than 1200 years. For more than 1,000 years, it has always become a well-known cultural treasure at home and abroad with the abundance of books, the grand learning style, the complete equipment, the sufficient funds, the strict management, and the great achievements, and enjoys an important position in the history of Chinese education and the development of the academy, known as "Hengxiang Susi" and "Daonan Zhengyi".
The courtyard is named after the mountain, and the mountain is in the courtyard
Shigu Academy is located in The Shigu Mountain in the north of Hengyang City, Hunan Province, steaming water rings its left, Xiangshui water to its right, Shuishui crosses its front, three water confluence, three faces water, there is a deep pool in front, a peak is specially raised, the cliff is cut, such as a large stone standing in the heart of the river, majestic and magnificent, 69 meters above sea level, an area of 4000 square meters. It is dangerous by the river, beautiful mountains and rivers, peaks and arches, clear terroir, convenient transportation, close to the city and far away from the hustle and bustle, even the water and land are important instead of the passage, the distance is suitable, the height is moderate. Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty described it in the Records of the Stone Drum Academy as "the best place in the county according to the Steaming Xiang Society, the River Circulation Belt". In the Yuan Dynasty, Huang Qinglao praised it in the "Records of the Stone Drum Xuetian" as "strange and towering, medium and high and outer show, steaming Xiang Ershui left and right rings, both together, swinging and vast, and returning to the dongting." The academy should be the intersection of the second-rate, the distant mountains, the pavilions as in the void, the first resort in the south of Gaihu." In addition, some literati bachelors rely on the peculiarity of their mountains to turn the eight scenic spots into the eight scenic spots of the academy, which shows the strange geographical environment even more. The courtyard is named after the mountain, and the mountain is in the courtyard. The quiet and elegant Shigu Mountain is actually an excellent place for Confucian scholars to read and cultivate, gather to give lectures, and chant poems and papers, and the academy is "hidden in a famous mountain", which makes the Shigu Mountain shine, which can really be described as a combination of pearls and complement each other.
Long and thick, endless
Shigu Academy was founded in the Tang Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, Chen Songnian had a cloud in the poem "Stone Drum Academy", "The famous mountain of stone drum began in the Tang Dynasty, and the reading hall here was opened in heaven. "Long before the establishment of the academy, Shigu Mountain became a place for people to visit and gather with literati. According to the Book of Shu, when Liu Bei was muking Jingzhou, Marquis Zhuge Wu stationed troops in Linsheng (the ancient name of Hengyang) with the military division Zhonglang, and oversaw the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha, and transferred them to provide military realities, and it is said that Zhuge Liang lived on Shigu Mountain at that time. After Zhuge Liang's death, in order to commemorate his noble virtue of "bowing down to exhaustion and dying after death", Hengren built the Wuhou Temple (Ancestral Hall) on the Shigu Mountain where he lived for worship, and this historic memorial ancestral hall has become a place for people to hang and overlook since its inception. In the early years of Tang Zhenguan, Shi Yufangxuan opened the "East Rock" and "Xi Xie" at Shigu Mountain as a view of the famous place; in the early years of Tang Zhenyuan, Shi Qiying built the famous Hejiang Pavilion at the eastern foot of the mountain; in the first year of Yongzhen, Han Yu migrated from Yangshan to Jiangling, and met with Shi Zoujun on the Hejiang Pavilion, leaving twenty rhymes of ancient poems. Since then, the famous stone drum attraction centered on Hejiang Pavilion has become famous all over the world and is famous at home and abroad because of Han Yu's inscription; Li Kuanzhong, the Yixiucai of the Yuan and early years, lived in seclusion in Shigu Mountain, explored the True View as a place to study and study, recruited aspiring scholars to study and study together, and used the mountain famous academy, known as "Shigu Academy", also known as "Li Kuanzhong Xiucai Academy". At that time, the assassin Lü Wen "often visited" in his spare time, and sang harmony with the mountain lord (long) Li Kuanzhong and Zhu Shengwen. Shigu Academy was one of the earliest privately founded academies in ancient China, when a large number of readers came here to learn the arts.
The Song Dynasty was the heyday of Shigu Academy. In the third year of the reign of Emperor Taizong of Song (997), Li Shizhen, a member of the Li Kuanzhong ethnic group, asked Yu Junshou to use his private wealth to rebuild the Shigu Academy for the first time on the site of Li Kuanzhong's school, "the former was a lecture hall, the first temple in the middle, and then the Yanju Ancestral Hall, and a dozen zhai houses were set up in the east and west compartments, and the yanggao tower and the wind pavilion were built outside, and the Hejiang Pavilion was restored, forming a regulation of lectures, collecting books, and offering offerings, and laying the basic pattern of the academy." This architectural layout of the xuegong was inherited in later generations of restoration, and the tradition of running the school was also preserved. Although the Shigu Academy was founded privately, from the time of its inception, it was valued and supported by the government and the imperial court. According to history, the emperor of the Song Dynasty twice gave the Shigu Academy a quota, thus making the Shigu Academy famous, and then called it the "Four Great Academies under heaven" together with suiyang, bailudong and Yuelu three academies.
The Yuan Dynasty adopted a policy of protection, promotion and control over the academy, and the tendency of the academy to become more and more official. In the last year of the Yuan Dynasty, the soldiers were in chaos, and the academy was destroyed, but after more than 50 years of silence, the Shigu Academy was restored, basically restoring the old view of the Song Dynasty. In the years that followed, the academy was well regulated, its main functions such as lecturing, book collection, and sacrifice were further improved, and the Shigu Academy flourished again. In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi (1657) of the Qing Dynasty, when Yuan Kuoyu, the governor of Yuanyuan, requested the imperial court to repair the Shigu Academy, the imperial court granted his request, and Yu Tianpu, then the governor of Hengyang Zhi County, was put in charge. "In the middle is the Wuhou Ancestral Hall, in front of the Grand View Building, downstairs is the Seven Sages Ancestral Hall, on the right is the Five Branches of the Office, and the two rooms are each a bookstore, and the regulations are slightly prepared." This was the first academy in the Qing Dynasty to resume running schools. With the support of officials from the imperial court down to local officials, the Shigu School flourished again and became an important cultural and academic research center in Shonan.
Educate and educate people, and apply them through the ages
The famous theorist Zhu Xi and the famous scholar Zhang Yu once came to the Shigu Academy to give lectures and jointly discuss the righteousness of moderation, and Zhu Xi also wrote the "Record of the Shigu Academy". In this historical document, Zhu Xi made a specific exposition of the guiding ideology, teaching content, educational focus, and teaching methods of the academy, especially the study of righteousness and self-cultivation advocated by him as the purpose of running the school, so as to achieve the educational purpose of "clear morality, righteousness, righteousness, and righteousness", which was not only imitated by the academies throughout the country at that time, but also had a profound impact on the running of schools in the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties.
Under the influence of Zhu Xi and Zhang Yu, the scholars of the four directions came one after another, and the grand situation was unprecedented, so that "the house could not be tolerated, and the Ancestral Hall of the Marquis of Wu lived in it", which became a major event in the academic history of Shigu Academy. During the Jiajing period, with the rise of the Yangming School, a group of academic giants came to Shigu Academy to give lectures, so that the trend of lecturing rose again and flourished. According to historical records, Cai Runan guarded Hengyang, often using the sutra as a cure and the academy as a position, and whenever he looked back, he regularly went to the Shigu Academy to teach the students the study of conscience. At his instigation, well-known scholars from all over the world, such as Zhan Ruoshui, Zou Shouyi, Mao Kun, Jiang Xin, and Li Wei, successively went to Shigu to give lectures, and Zeng Chaojie, Liu Yaojie, Wu Dingxiang, and Wang Wanshan of Hengyang also responded enthusiastically. At this point, the "lecture" system of the academy, which was formed since the Southern Song Dynasty, reached its peak in history, and further developed into an academic society with a fixed purpose, a fixed organization, a fixed meeting period, and a fixed statute, and the Shigu Academy has thus become the center of the dissemination of science and an important birthplace of Huxiang culture. Thinkers Wang Fuzhi, Kuang Minben, Wu Shilai, Yu Tingcan, Zhang Xueyin, and so on all came here one after another to preach or preside over the academy, thus cultivating and cultivating groups of people of insight, and this situation continued until the establishment of new-style schools throughout the country after the Penghu Reform. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), hunan Fuyuan changed the Shigu Academy to Hengyang Higher School according to the edict of the Qing court. After 1910, it was successively reorganized into a women's normal school and a hengjun women's vocational school, which realized the historic transformation of school education to modern times.
Spiritual light, passed down from generation to generation
Since the establishment of The Stone Drum Academy in the early years of Tang Yuanhe, it has experienced all the vicissitudes of the world. In the long course of history, it has experienced the prosperous years of endless strings and songs, and the fragrance of ink and ink, and it has also tasted the difficult years full of devastation.
According to the records of the successive academies, the Shigu Academy was destroyed by large-scale fire and large-scale reconstruction projects eight times. The last reconstruction in history (i.e. the eighth) was in the tenth year of the Qing Dynasty (1871). At that time, "Bingbu Shilang, Hengyang Peng Yulin advocated donating thousands of gold, and all the good and righteous people thus benefited from it, and Qingquan candidate Dao Yang Shudong supervised the work", and Li Hao, the governor of Hengzhou, was responsible for supervising. The academy was eventually destroyed by Japanese artillery fire in 1944. In the early 1960s, according to the suggestion of Tao Zhu, then the first secretary of the Central and Southern Bureau, the Hejiang Pavilion and the Green Pavilion were rebuilt on the ruins of the academy, and a guardrail, a mountain gate and a dry bridge were built, and it was turned into a park, but limited to the historical conditions at that time, there was no major repair.
In April 2006, the Hengyang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government judged the hour and sized up the situation, mobilized the strength of all parties in society, rebuilt the Shigu Academy, followed the principle of "repairing the old as the old", attached importance to the full excavation of historical figures, highlighted the cultural traces of the townspeople, famous eunuchs and Confucians, relied on the natural scenery of the Shigu Mountain and the steaming, Xiang and Qishui circulations, proceeded from the idea of "showing the mountains, dew, and seeing the show", through the investigation of local historical records, the examination and the investigation of the topography of The Shigu Mountain, skillfully arranged the mountain gate, the study house, the Wuhou Ancestral Hall, the Li Zhongjie Ancestral Hall, the Grand View Building, Buildings such as Hejiang Pavilion focus on reflecting the construction elements of "ancient, quiet, curved, quiet and green", so that the cultural landscape and natural landscape are interspersed and integrated. The overall layout of the rebuilt Shigu Academy is symmetrical in the central axis, and the entire antique building complex is a white-walled Dewa dark column, the main materials are high-quality wood and hemp stone, solemn and elegant, with a strong cultural atmosphere of the college. The rebuilt Shigu Academy collected and engraved famous artists and inscriptions, displayed sculptures, clay sculptures, sacrifice vessels, etc. of celebrities such as Confucius, Zhuge Liang, and Li Fu, so that the sages had "sound" and "shape" in the stone drum, and the Shigu Academy borrowed the reputation of celebrities and famous works to shine in the world. The fine tradition of indoctrination and education nurtured by Shigu Academy, the broad and profound Huxiang culture and the spiritual characteristics of daring to be the first and applying to the world will always be engraved in people's hearts.