Famous masters of the past - Song - Zhang Zeduan

Zhang Zeduan (12th century, Northern Song Dynasty) was a native of Dongwu (present-day Zhucheng, Shandong), whose year of birth and death is unknown. He studied well in his early years at Jingshi (present-day Kaifeng, Henan), and later learned to paint, and Emperor Huizong of song (1101-1125) was the court of Hanlin Painting Academy. Ming Wang Mengduan's "Records of Calligraphy and Painting Transmission" said that he "learned to paint sexually, worked in boundary painting, especially in boats, cities, bridges, and Guo Trails, and did not start a family." The works passed down from generation to generation include the volume of "Qingming On the River", silk, color, 24.8 boxes of meters in length, 528.7 centimeters in width, which is an immortal masterpiece with important historical value and artistic value in China's ancient urban genre paintings, and has epoch-making significance in the history of art. The painting depicts more than 500 people, noble and lowly, all kinds of colors, appear vivid and vivid; shop workshops, tea houses and liquor stores, merchants and vendors, a scene of prosperous business; Changhong Lying Wave, boats racing, riding and riding to compete, reproducing the grand scene of the Northern Song Dynasty; cold food to worship the ancestors, carry baskets to pick up burdens, step on green and willows, and collect the life scenes and prosperity of all strata of the society in the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty during the Qing And Ming Dynasties. The whole map is grand in scale, the scene is spectacular, the structure is strict and meticulous, the penmanship is meticulous and elegant, and there are 13 inscriptions such as Zhang Zhuan and Zhang Gongyao of the Jin Dynasty, Yang Zhun of the Yuan Dynasty, Wu Kuan, Li Dongyang, feng Bao of the Ming Dynasty, and 13 inscriptions of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Inner House of the Yuan Dynasty, the Zhu Wenzheng of the Ming Dynasty, and the Inner House of the Qing Dynasty. In 1925, Puyi took the painting out of the Forbidden City, and later lived in the Changchun area of northeast China, where it is now in the Palace Museum.

Emperor Huizong of Song was a court painter.

In his early years, he traveled to Beijing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan) and later studied painting. Huizong Chao served in the Hanlin Painting Institute, specializing in painting the palace room, especially good at painting boats, cities, bridges, streets, and cities, and became a family of its own. After "taking out of place at home, selling paintings for a living, he wrote "West Lake Bidding Map" and "Qingming River Map". ”

The "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" is his masterpiece, which was once collected by Xuanhe Neifu. Today, the "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" still exists, and it is the best illustration of "Tokyo Dream Hualu", "Shengqi Fu", "Fendu Fu" and other works, which has great historical value. Not only inheriting and developing the ancient Chinese custom paintings that have been lost for a long time, but also inheriting the fine tradition of historical custom paintings in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

He was an outstanding realist painter at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, specializing in painting cars and horses, city streets, bridges, city outlines and so on. Most of his works have been lost, and the surviving "Qingming Upper River Map" and "Jin Mingchi Controversy Map" are ancient art treasures in China.

"Qingming Upper River Map" QingQianlong facsimile partial

Since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, with the budding of industry and commerce, urban market towns have emerged, and a class of citizens has gradually formed. Due to the development of the economy, popular literature and art that have adapted to pseudo-changes and catered to the interests of small producers have flourished. In the field of painting, the outstanding symbol is the emergence of genre paintings with the content of municipal customs as the center, and the best works have emerged one after another, and their influence is extraordinary. Among them, the most outstanding and representative works are Zhang Zeduan's "Qingming River Map".

"Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" is a long volume of customs of great historical value. The author's depiction of the activities of the various strata of the Beiliang (present-day Kaifeng), the capital of Beining during the Qing Dynasty, and the two banks of the Bian River centered on Hongqiao, reflects many aspects of social life in this historical period. The author Zhang Zeduan (12th century AD), a native of Zhucheng, Shandong, was a professional painter at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, who worked in a painting academy and was good at painting figures, pavilions, boats and cars. The distance and height of the bridge and house in the city of Koshi depicted in the picture, the size of the grass, trees, horses, cattle, donkeys and camels, as well as the residents and pedestrians, the boats and cars are also successive, all of which are curved and cannot be counted, and the whole scene is huge and the content is extremely rich. The painter uses a high degree of generalization and concentration to describe a wide range of complex social images and folk customs in a wide and detailed manner. The immortal masterpiece of "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" can be called a national treasure in terms of both the artistic value of painting and the historical value.

Since the advent of the Qingming River Map, there have been copies of the "Qingming River Map" in all generations, and the size is different. According to statistics, there are currently 30 facsimiles of the "Qingming Upper River Map" hidden by public and private at home and abroad. There is only one authentic painting, which is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. It is 528 cm in width and 24.8 cm in length, of which 684 people, 96 heads of livestock, 122 houses, 174 trees, 25 boats, 15 cars, and 8 cars. Such a vast picture scroll, the picture structure is rigorous, orderly, the various activities of the characters, portrayed very meticulously and vividly, echoing back and forth, in one go. "Boundary painting" painting method, skillful and natural. The "Map of the Upper River of the Qingming Dynasty" has a total of 14 texts written by 13 collectors in the past, and 96 chapters. There are as many as 3 stamps of the last emperor Puyi alone, which is enough to prove Puyi's favor for the "Qingming Upper River Map"; only a magnificent giant system such as the "Qingming Upper River Map" can accommodate the thousand autumn dreams of the next generation of emperors.

The "Map of the Upper River of the Qing Ming Dynasty" records the architecture and people's livelihood in the late Northern Song Dynasty, the suburbs of the capital Of Beijing in the Huizong era, and the banks of the Beihe River in the city. The map depicts the prosperous scenes and natural scenery of the Northern Song Dynasty capital city of Bieliang and the banks of the Bian River during the Qing Dynasty. In the form of a long scroll, the composition method of scattered perspective is adopted, and the complex scenery is included in a unified and changeable picture, with a variety of characters in the painting, different clothes, different looks, interspersed with various activities, focusing on drama, dense composition, paying attention to changes in rhythm and rhythm, and the pen and ink chapters are very clever. The whole image is divided into three paragraphs. Unfolding the map, the first thing you see is the scenery outside Beijing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scene of the Shangtu Bridge and the banks of the Dabi River. The latter section depicts a street scene in downtown Fenjing. The characters are less than 3 centimeters in size, and the small ones are like bean grains, carefully examined, and the shapes of the gods are prepared, and the millifibers are all present, which is very interesting.