Rice is one of the main food crops in our country and has a long history of cultivation. Because its nutrients are related to more than 90% of the essential nutrients of the human body, half of the world's population depends on it as a staple food. From the perspective of species distribution, about 50,000 years ago, early rice plants have appeared in the Yunnan region, so it is speculated that the earliest area in Asia to grow rice should be the Yunnan region. Rice is the largest dominant crop in Yunnan, producing 40% of the total grain output with 1/4 of the arable land area, and 2/3 of the province's population eats rice as the main food. It's an amazing thing.
The Yunnan people mainly produced 6 kinds of rice, and three of them were tributes from successive dynasties. Xiaobian will introduce it to you one by one:
Pu'er Mojiang Purple Rice (Gongmi)
Mojiang County, Pu'er, is the only Hani Autonomous County in The country, produces a kind of Mojiang purple rice, planted in the original ecological Hani terraces at an altitude of 1200-1600 meters, ripening once a year, with a growth period of more than 180 days. The yield is scarce and very precious. As early as the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Mojiang purple rice has become the "gongmi" of the imperial court, and was also called "Yutian rouge rice" during the Kangxi period.
Because of its own biological characteristics and its unique geographical growth environment, Mojiang purple rice has unique excellent quality and basic characteristics, which is obviously different from black rice. Pure Mojiang purple rice grains are slender, the particles are full and uniform, the surface of the rice grains has rice grooves, and the texture of the rice grains is delicate. The appearance of the rice skin is purple or purple-white with small purple blocks, and the color of the water is purple. Grasping by hand is easy to leave a purple mark on the finger. After scraping the color patches on the rice grains with your fingernails, the rice grains turn white.
Mojiang purple rice is known as the "king of rice," mainly because it is very rich in nutrients, containing protein, fat, lysine, riboflavin, folic acid, anthocyanins and other nutrients as well as trace elements such as iron, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, selenium and so on. Among them, the anthocyanin content in each kilogram of Mojiang purple rice is as high as 130 ml or more. Although it is a kind of glutinous rice, the rougher the nutritional value, the more knowledgeable people stew it with other foods, such as purple rice stewed ribs, purple rice stewed chicken, purple rice silver ear soup and so on. Therefore, in the folk it is called "health rice", "confinement rice", "blood tonic rice" and "bone rice". Its unique therapeutic and health benefits can be seen.
Dehong MangShio Chaifang Rice (Gongmi)
"Mangshi millet chafang rice" is a widely spread proverb in Dehong area, Mangshi chafang town is famous for gongmi, known as "the hometown of gongmi" reputation. The rice here, which has a world record, is the highest rice in the world, with an average height of 2.4 meters, which is higher than Yao Ming. It is a geographical indication protection product, and the planting area of Gongmi has always been about 90,000-120,000 mu. The highest annual production is only 30 million kilograms, and the best cover rice is sold for a terrifying 1,000 yuan / kg.
Since the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the rice has been designated by successive dynasties as a tribute to Luxi Toast, and there is a ration for the year. The kings of all the dynasties have admired the rice. Due to the local special climate and water and soil conditions, the rice grains are large and long, the grains are full, white and bright, the flavor is pure and nutritious. After cooking, the aroma is striking, and it is a treasure in the rice with good color and taste. Generally in Mangshi, Chafang, often used for various dai festival banquets and entertain vips.
The rice is covered with a certain stickiness, and the rice is moist and delicious, and the fragrance is overflowing. The rice is cold and does not harden, and it does not come back to life. Some local guests come to Dehong, as long as they taste the rice made of rice, they are always full of praise.
Wenshan Guangnan Babao Rice (Gongmi)
Babao Rice in Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, is one of the six famous rice in Yunnan, produced in the plateau area of 1600-2000 meters above sea level in Guangnan, Wenshan, Yunnan, with long sunshine hours, large temperature difference between day and night, and a growth cycle of up to 160 days for mountain spring irrigation. The prestigious Babao rice is white with its beige color, the new rice is jade green, the particles are full, and the cooking time is shorter than that of ordinary rice. The starch and protein content is higher than that of ordinary rice. Rice grains are soft but not rotten, cold but not scattered, bright and smooth in color, fragrant and sweet in taste and famous in the world.
Historically, it was listed as "Gongmi" and was given the title of "Imperial Grain". According to the Chronicle of Quang Nam Province, "Eight treasure rice pays tribute to 100 quintals per year, which is the tribute rice of the Ming and Qing dynasties". The special quality of Babao rice comes from the special environmental ecology of Quang Nam, many people have introduced Babao rice in the past dynasties, but they have not been successful, and the average yield per mu in 2021 is only 400 kg, which is one of the protected products of National Geographic.
Dehong Yingjiang fragrant soft rice
Fragrant soft rice is a kind of high-quality rice unique to Yunnan, and it is also a new type of rice that is emerging in the world. This kind of rice is distributed in yunnan at an altitude of 800-1000 meters, of which Dehong's Yingjiang fragrant soft rice is one of the geographical indications of Yunnan. Fragrant soft rice is generally not resistant to rice blast, the yield is low, the yield is only 300 to 400 catties per mu, and its advantages are cold tolerance, drought tolerance and strong regeneration ability in the late growth period.
Soft rice is moist and refreshing, soft texture, elastic, sweet, bright and smooth, large and not easy to break, with cold does not return to life, cold rice palatability, excellent nutritional quality, good puffing, good processing quality, is convenient for processing rice (such as sushi, instant rice, etc.), puffed food and a variety of rice snacks of the superior raw materials.
Red rice in the Red River Yuanjiang Rice Terraces
On the south bank of the Yuan river of the Red River, adjacent to Honghe County, there is a place famous for the terraced sea of clouds. In 2013, the Honghe Hani Rice Terrace was listed as a World Cultural Heritage, and the Hani Rice Terrace, which has a history of more than 1,300 years, has attracted the attention of the world, and with its reputation to the world, there is also this grain that grows in the terraces, that is, the terraced red rice. Terraced red rice is extremely rich in nutrients, especially calcium, zinc and other trace elements are rich, rich in 18 kinds of amino acids needed by the human body, and among the eight amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize, Hani terraced red rice contains 7 kinds.
Only the terraced red rice rice can adapt to the warm spring water of the Hani Rice Terraces in winter and cool in summer, and can adapt to the sunshine, temperature and water temperature at an altitude of 1400 meters to 1800 meters. The real magic of red rice is that its disease resistance mechanism is very unique, it is the earliest domesticated ancient rice, the yield per mu is less than 300 kilograms, this yield, so far, has not changed much.
Thus, for 1300 years, Red Rice has never degraded. Red rice has become the top ecological rice of unchanged quality for 1300 years, and it is also a must-have food for the longevity elderly in Hani. Yuanyang Rice Terrace Red Rice belongs to brown rice, the rice grain is small, only two-thirds of the size of hybrid rice, with the characteristics of larger growth, good taste and full rice taste.
Mangan Dai King Rice
In the rainforest area of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, the Mangen area is rich in a kind of pearl rice, which is a brand of Menghai fragrant rice, one of the six famous rice in Yunnan. The success of Mangen Dai Gong has a long history of rice cultivation, and the success of Mangen Dai Gong has broken the traditional concept that people do not produce high-quality rice in the south to a certain extent, and is also a successful example of the development of high-quality rice cultivation in the southern region according to local conditions.
The Dai people have a tradition of growing high-quality rice since ancient times, and the ancestors of the Dai people have a history of rice cultivation, coupled with the uniqueness of their living areas, so they have formed an indissoluble relationship with rice since ancient times. The superior pristine natural environment has created the local rice to have high quality. It is precisely because of the emergence of this kind of rice that Menghai in Xishuangbanna has become the "granary of southern Yunnan." ”
In addition to these 6 kinds of famous rice, Yunnan actually has Zhenyuan glass rice and Jiangcheng fragrant soft rice, which are all good rice with good quality. Chinese medicine believes that rice has a sweet and flat taste, has the effect of tonifying qi, strengthening the spleen and nourishing the stomach, strengthening the spirit, and the five viscera, passing through the blood veins, stopping annoyance, quenching thirst and stopping diarrhea, known as the "first of the five grains", and is the main grain crop in China, accounting for about a quarter of the cultivated area of grain crops. In Yunnan, a mountain-based province, there can be so many excellent rice, no wonder Yunnan people are so fond of eating rice products!
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