Yesterday, I saw someone asking: How did the ancients use poetry to express thinking of you?
Answering this question is not complicated, just list a few poems. However, I suddenly remembered a passage in the example of the poem, and the author, Mr. Zhou Zhenfu, used a poem to illustrate when explaining the poet's language. This Cen San's "Farewell Brother at the Mouth of the High Crown Pond" is also used to express the mutual thoughts of friends, but compared to other poems, it is a bit brain-burning.
Therefore, the title of my article says that only by reading such poems can we understand a little bit of ancient poetry, because this method is indeed a little different from today's way of writing.
Let's take a look at these three not-so-brain-burning works that express thoughts.
The use of poetry to express thoughts is a common theme, and such works are numerous. For example, Jin Changxu wrote that his wife missed her husband:
Pick up the yellow warbler, Mo Jiao branch on the cry. When crying, the concubine dreams, and does not get Liaoxi. Jin Changxu (Tang)
In this poem, the yellow warbler is a very important image, and the woman misses the person and does not return, blaming the yellow warbler for the dream, and even the dream meeting can not be done.
Another example is Li Yu, who misses his brother, as he expressed:
Don't come to the spring half, touch the soft intestines. The falling plums were like snow, and the whisk was still full. There is no evidence for the yanlain to hear, and the road is difficult to achieve. Away from hate is just like spring grass, and it is farther and farther to live. Li Yu", "Qing Ping Le"
Many thoughts are because the voice is broken, and the poet thinks deeper because the goose believes in the unfounded. Here, the separation of hatred is compared to the spring grass, and the concrete is used instead of the abstract, and the abstract thing of the separation of sorrow and hatred is vividly expressed in the spring grass that the eye can see.
And Bai Juyi, who misses his friend Yuan Shu, expressed it like this:
In the morning, the wind is sad, and the water in the river is broken. I don't know why I remembered, but last night three more dreamed of Jun. "Dream Micro"
Bai Juyi's absolute sentence is different, not to be tactful and obscure, but to express the chest directly and generously.
No matter what way these three songs are expressed, they all have the same characteristic, that is, the logic is clear and easier to understand. But censor's poem below is not so easy to understand.
Gao Guan Tan is in the Gao Guan Valley of Zhongnan Mountain, and it is said that Cen San once lived and studied in seclusion here for ten years. Cen Shanji wrote a poem "The First Official Title Gao Guan Caotang":
Thirty years of life, eunuchs are full of desires. Self-pity has no old karma, and does not dare to shame officials. Streams swallow the road, mountain flowers drunk medicine bar. Only five buckets of rice, not a fishing rod.
When I got this petty officer at the age of thirty, my old ideals were almost exhausted. Because there is no industry, I dare not dislike this micro-official. Behind is the scenery of his own hermitage, the landscape and mountains are intoxicating, but unfortunately, for the sake of these five buckets of rice, the author had to leave here.
It is said that after Cen Shan and the first, Du Lingsuo, who lived in seclusion with him, wrote a letter, so Cen San, preparing to return from Chang'an to Gaoguantan in Zhongnan Mountain, wrote a brain-burning poem "Also Gaoguantankou To Leave Farewell Brothers":
Yesterday there was a letter on the mountain, only today when it was cultivated. Distant transmission of Du Lingsuo, blame me for being late in the mountains. Drink alone on the pond, and no one plays chess. Dongxi reminisced about Ru, lying idly against cormorants.
The poem looks a little strange, and it seems a little confusing to be unclear who the subject of the speech is, and who the omitted subjects are. Such poems are more complex to write, and unlike today's prose syntax, it is more difficult to understand in today's grammar.
Let's take a brief look at this poem.
1. The First Union There was a letter on the mountain yesterday, and only when it was cultivated today.
Cen Shan, who was in Chang'an, received a letter, not from his family, but said, "The mountain has faith", which is the language of the poet, and the letter said: Now is the time to cultivate.
2, the second conjunction of the remote transmission of Du Lingsuo, blame me for the mountain late.
This link confuses the reader, doesn't it say something about farming? How can you suddenly insert a Du Lingsuo and "blame me for being late"? It turned out that this old man was a good friend of Cen Shan's when he was in seclusion, and the "remote transmission" or Duling Soto people brought a message to Cen Shan's family, and this message was written by Cen Shan's family in this letter.
Meaning, Du Lingsuo missed you, blamed or wondered why you were "late" this time? It is said that when Cen Shan lived in seclusion and studied in Zhongnan Mountain, he also often traveled back and forth with Chang'an and Zhongnan Mountain. But why did Du Lingsuo want to "blame me for being late" this time? It must be that Cen San's departure this time is too long, and the reason may be that Cen Shan has finally entered the army and the first.
Tianbao Sanzai (744), Cen Shan took the exam and the first, the conferred officer was the Right Inner Commander Cao joined the army, the above poem "The Initial Official Title Gao Guan Caotang" may have been written by Cen Shan this time back to The South Mountain.
3. The third league is drunk on the pond alone, and no one plays chess
The third link is written down to the second link, and it is still the information brought by "remote transmission of Du Lingsuo", not only to blame the mountain late, but even to the consequences of Du Lingsuo's friend's late mountain: drinking alone on the pond, no one playing chess.
Originally, There was Cen San accompanying the forest to play chess and drink on the pond, which was good, Du Lingsuo could only drink alone, and no one accompanied him to play chess.
4. The fourth link Dongxi recalls Ru, lying idly against cormorants.
Here is the third couplet, or Du Lingsuo's message, saying that Du Lingsuo was lying idly in Dongxi watching cormorants and thinking about Cen Shan.
The poem, titled "Leaving a Farewell Brother", speaks to his brother throughout, and says three things in total: first, a letter from the family; second, the letter says that it is time to cultivate; and third, the letter also says that Du Lingsuo really misses me. The meaning of these three contents is that you should go home quickly. So Cen Shan left this poem for Di Di.
From the perspective of a poem, the second sentence was originally the continuation of the first sentence, but from the third sentence onwards it was Du Lingsuo's words, and as a result, the line of the second sentence was broken, as if a suspense was set up, but there was no result later. It is more difficult for readers to understand.
"Tang Shigui" is a selected edition of Tang poems co-edited by Zhong Yi and Tan Yuanchun in the Ming Dynasty, and in this book is written the following passage:
(Tan Yuanchun said): Not knowing the family letter but knowing that 'the mountain has a letter', that is, the next six sentences of Du Lingsuo sent a letter, and the needle and thread are like this. The last four words wrote the letter sent by Du Lingsuo in his own poems, which people did not know, thinking that Cen Gong was also self-righteous. The word 'Yi Ru' and 'Ru' refer to Du Ling Shu (杜陵叟) and Cen Gongye (岑公也). Careless people can't see it, thinking that 'Ru' refers to the younger ear. The eight sentences seem to only throw Du Lingsuo's letter to his brother, get up and go, go home by himself, and speak with other brothers, etc., but they have not spoken, and they have spoken. So and then called poetry, so look at poetry, and then call it true poet. ”
(Tan Yuanchun said) people who don't understand will mistakenly think that the next four sentences are what Cen Shan said himself, especially the 'Ru' character of 'Yi Ru', which refers to Du Lingsuo's thoughts of Cen Shan, not Cen San's thoughts of his brother. These eight verses look like Cen Shan threw Du Lingsuo's letter to his brother and returned to Zhongnan Mountain. The words of farewell to his brother were not spoken, and they were all unspoken. (Tan Yuanchun said), such a poem is poetry, is a true poet.
Zhong Yu then lifted the palanquin and said:
This poem has only been known to the author and Tan Zi for thousands of years, because sizhen poetry has been passed down from generation to generation, good is a dangerous matter, repeatedly annotated, see the scholarly body as a statement, not only to enlighten future generations, but also to have deep compassion for the author.
Zhong Yu said that cen shan this poem has only been understood by my good friend Tan Yuanchun for thousands of years, so it is too difficult to say that the real poem is too difficult to pass on, and it needs experts to explain it clearly and understand it later. On the other hand, the author also deserves pity, because it is also a pity not to know the voice.
Cen Shan's poem is often used as an example of a poet's language, and there are several special points to note:
First, the language is concise, quite a complicated thing, which the poet said in 40 words. This jumping logical structure is quite different from today's prose technique. The first sentence is from the author's point of view: there was a letter on the mountain yesterday; the second sentence is the content of the letter, jumping to the perspective of the family: when I am farming now. The third sentence is still the tone of the family: distant transmission of Du Lingsuo. After the fourth sentence, it is du Lingsuo's tone: Blame me for being late. Drink alone on the pond, and no one plays chess. Dongxi reminisced about Ru, lying idly against cormorants.
Second, the meaning of the language is tactful, for example, instead of saying that the family members are urged to return to "farming", but instead use the name of Du Lingsuo to return, it is estimated that this old man has a certain prestige. And the family may not really want Cen Ton to go back and continue to play chess and drink with Du Lingsuo, hoping that Cen Cann will go back to his home to do more things.
Cen Shan only wrote one sentence , " When I was cultivating now " , and the other six sentences were written about Du Lingsuo , which was unbalanced in the expression of content. When we look at the Five-Seven Laws, the jaw joint and the neck joint often reflect the first and second sentences respectively, while the second sentence of Cen Shan becomes a rotten tail building, and there is no following.
Cen Shan's entire poem begins with the third sentence in the letter of Du Lingsuo, perhaps Du Lingsuo has some prestige, and the poet uses it to increase his value. Or Durling so is an ordinary nameless hermit, but the mood constructed by describing him is full of beauty, which enhances the taste of this poem.
Of course, the characteristics of the poet's language are not only the above points, but this kind of transformation of the narrator's perspective is often changed into the transformation of the author in different time and space, and the reader's thinking is easy to see if it cannot keep up. For example, the Song Dynasty poet Zhou Bangyan's "Youth Tour":
Towards the clouds desert scattered light silk. Pavilion light spring posture. Willows cry, the mud on the Ninth Street is heavy, and the swallows outside the door are late. And now the Sun Ming Golden House, spring color in the peach branches. Unlike at that time, the small bridge was raining, and the two people hated to know.
The upper verses are all poets recalling the situation of that year, and the first two sentences of the lower verses are the words of the eyes, and the back is caught in the memory. This jump omits the description of the transition, as in a movie where there is no voiceover in the shot. Of course, when a good director switches, he will not only better express the theme, but also let the audience and readers understand it. A director who is not very good may edit in a mess, make the audience into a fog, and then say that this audience is not good....
@Old Street Taste
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