This process has a number of difficulties, one is to choose the right pattern, the second needs to be extremely delicate in the engraving, and the third is to require skillful skills when printing. Only the perfect combination of these three can make the perfect paper. In order to be able to produce exquisite notes, Hu Yuecong worked with some engravers and printers, and Qing Cheng Jiajue wrote in the "Records of Outsiders": "Ten Bamboo Zhai often employs more than a dozen engravers, and Hu Zhengyan 'is not called a craftsman'. Among them, the famous engraver is Wang Kai, and Hu 'discusses day and night, ten years as a day', so 'the skills of zhu lianggong are also becoming more and more refined'. "Good work, ten fingers are tools also, finger meat is different from the fingertip, fingertip is different from the thumb also, the first version is especially visible from the fingerprint, isn't it wonderful."
Hu Zhengyan carved the "Six Books and True Interpretations" in five volumes, ming ten bamboo zhai carved ancient xiangge collection plate, book plate
Hu Zhengyan carved the five volumes of the Six Books and The Five Volumes of the Ming Ten Bamboo Zhai Carved Ancient Xiangge Collection Plate, the beginning of the volume
It seems that the production of notes not only uses those plates, but also the operator's fingers have become one of the tools, so the fingerprints of Hu Yuecong can sometimes be seen in the early prints. It can be seen that in order to produce exquisite notes, he has personally done many links.
In addition to the notes, Hu Yuecong also wrote a "Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation", and in the seventh year of the ming dynasty, Yang Wenqi wrote a small preface for the "Plume Spectrum" in the "Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation": "I did not intend Liao Liao Qianzhan, there was Hu Yue Congshi, skillful and clever, surpassing the previous generation, with an iron pen as Yingsheng, with pear jujube instead of silk." Among them, the method of dyeing, and the lightness, depth, distance, and clutch of coloring, are all delicate and delicate, and they are extremely hardworking, that is, when the practitioner looks at it, he must think that it is a wonderful sketch, and does not dare to make a portrayal view. ...... Three hairs on the cheeks, a little in the eye, from the sight, all left with the ear. One man from the true ages! The Huang Tsuen kings did not dare to confront them. Apocalypse Ding Ding Li Autumn Day, friend brother Yang Wenqiu prayed. ”
Hu Zhengyan carved "A Thousand Texts and Six Books" Qing KangxiJian Ten Bamboo Zhai carved book, book plate
Hu Zhengyan carved the "Outline of the Six Books of a Thousand Texts" The Qing KangxiJian Ten Bamboo Zhai Inscribed Edition, the beginning of the volume
In this passage, it can also be seen that Hu Yue has "worked hard" in the production of notes, and the paintings he produces are almost difficult for people to distinguish whether they are original works or prints. Therefore, after the release of this spectrum, many pirates were caused, and Hu Yue had already used the engraving technique in the "Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation", but whether this technology was invented by Hu had different theories, Feng Pengsheng said in the "Introduction to The Watermark of Chinese Woodblock Prints": "Before Hu's printing of the "Pictorial Notation", there were already overprints, and the "Cheng's Ink Garden" engraved by Cheng Junfang in the twenty-third year of the Wanli Calendar (1594) and the "History of Flowers" that were probably from the same period ,...... All have been 'plated' brushed to ,......"
Hu Zhengyan carved the "Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation" in eight volumes Qing Guangxu five-year overprint, book plate
Hu Zhengyan carved the "Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation" in eight volumes Qing Guangxu five-year overprint, inscribed poems
However, Song Wenwen believes that this statement is wrong, and he clearly states in the article "Hu Zhengyan and Li Yu's Relationship Examination": "This statement is wrong, and the printmaking technique in "Cheng's Ink Garden" is not a 'plate', it is only a color separation brush printing." Song Wenwen wrote in the text: "The separation brush printing technique before the invention of the 'rao plate' refers to line printing, hand-filled color, general one-color and set color block printing. The "History of Flowers" uses the technique of sleeve plate line printing, which is an emerging engraving color printing process compared to the real 'plate plate' technique. Moreover, the word 'Raoban' in the literature only appears in Hu Zhengyan's "Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation", and no earlier prints of the Yu edition were found, so it is concluded that the inventor of the 'Rao Edition' is Hu Zhengyan. ”
The "Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Notation" is also popular in the world, so that there have been a large number of engraved copies, and Hu Yuecong is also very familiar with this situation, so he wrote when he reprinted it during the Kangxi period: "It is a famous Han Mo, the picture is Lu Li, there are poems in the paintings, there are paintings in the poems, the imitation is exquisite, the thick and light legends, the Fei Ben Gong, and the engraving into the Grand View." Original collection, plain and realistic appreciation, near effective, fear of mixed fish eyes, good price seller, no false algae. Haiyang Hu Zhengyan knew from the clan in the Ten Bamboo Zhai. Treasured by the Book Shop. ”
As mentioned earlier, in addition to hu Yuecong's love of making notes, he also had the hobby of ruling the seal, and in the fourth year of Qing Shunzhi, he published four volumes of the "First Collection of Seals", and Du Mao's preface to the book said: "Things are touched in the hands, and the chest is clear." ...... Shallow people do it, the eyes are the art of the form, so it is easy to taste the deep people, and the eyes are the metaphysical way, so it is often difficult. The victims do not hesitate to lose ink,...... Therefore, the customary objects are weighed in the car, and the elegant ones are rare, and there are fewer heirs. In our society, Han Hu Yue from the clan to the present will also be passed on... Knowing the sun has hidden virtue from the past. A small building in the morning and evening, good to recite the poems of Jia Yi, Liu Xiangwen and Tao Yuanming, as for the painting of the book, it is good at it... Let the world know what to learn from and what to do from, and then know what to do from it, and then to know what to do, or to rise from it. ”
Although Hu Yuecong is a cultural businessman, he is reluctant to associate with people, hiding in a small building all day to read, and it is really impressive that such a character can produce such a best-selling note. And the formation of his character should have a certain relationship with his life experience, when the Ming Dynasty fell, the Fu King Zhu Yousong was established as the Hongguang Emperor, because the Great Ming State Seal could not be found, so Hu Yue re-carved a party of the Dragon Wen Gong Niu Guo Xi, and at the same time he also wrote a "Great Treasure Proverb" to dedicate to the Fu King:
The great treasure of the ancestors will be passed down through the ages. Since the apocalypse, the eunuchs have snickered, and the treasures have fallen to the ground. Emperor Shengming succeeded to the throne, and he held the fist for ten years and was diligent and diligent. Misfortune and loss, Your Majesty the Illuminator. Yi Yue: The great treasure of the saint is known as the throne, how to keep the position of ren. His Majesty prays for eternal life, takes benevolence as the treasure, Kazan Zhongxing, takes revenge on snow shame, and subdues old things. Then the great treasure is eternal, and the heavens are infinite. Poetry: Heaven is difficult, fate is not easy! The way to keep the treasure is just that.
King Fu was not very interested in this, and only gave Hu Yue the position of "Shu Sheren in the Wuying Temple", and Hu felt that he could not be reused in the imperial court, so he resigned and returned. The Qing Dynasty Wenzheng compiled by Wu Yifeng of the Qing Dynasty contains the Ninety Prefaces of Hu Yue from Zhonghan, which contains the following passage:
Having received the edict, the secretary received the new treasure, and the official Bensheng Zhongshu sheren showed the grace award, but the intention was that the treasure was not in the proverbs, and the change of course was unknown. Weng Yu said: "Chen Liang of the Former Southern Song Dynasty wrote to say that the world's great plans could not be used, and the deliberations were given to an official, and Liang was not known: 'I want to open the foundation for the country for hundreds of years, so why should I use it to be an official?' Cross the river to the east on the same day. Although I did not catch the light, the appropriate category was. There is really nothing to do in the world. ”
Then Hu Yue lived in seclusion in Nanjing to publish for a living, and Nanming lost a loyal subject, but added a great publisher to the world. Regarding the time of the existence of the Ten Bamboo Zhai he created, Mr. Pan Tianzhen has conducted a detailed examination in the "Investigation of the Time of Hu Zhengyan's Birth, Death, Settlement, and Activation of the Ten Bamboo Zhai Name", one of which is to deduce the time when Hu Yue lived in Nanjing: "Before finding more specific and reliable documents, the time of Zhengyan to Nanjing was set at about the thirty-first year of the Wanli Calendar (1603), that is, the zhengyan was about 20 years old, which was much more grounded than the claim after the age of 30. If you count from the thirty-first year of the Wanli Calendar (1603) to the thirteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1674), Zhengyan has been living in Nanjing for seventy-two years. The second gives the surviving date of the Ten Bamboo Zhai: "If there is no major mistake in the above investigation, the history of the Ten Bamboo Zhai began in the early year of the Apocalypse (the first year of 1621) and ended in the middle of the Kangxi Dynasty (1691 in the third year), about 70 years before and after." ”
Hu Yuecong's "Ten Bamboo Zhai Notes" was loved by people, until the 1930s, Mr. Lu Xun still valued the value of this score, in August 1934, he said in a letter to Zheng Zhenduo: "The "Ten Bamboo Zhai" notes and flowers are the most exquisite, this artistic technique exceeds many modern masters; the landscape in it is also very well carved." In April of the following year, Lu Xun said to Zheng Zhenduo: "This kind of set of good books has rarely been found in the Qing Dynasty, and even in the future, there may not be such engravings and printing hands, and in the next three hundred years, there will be no such engravings and seals."
Under the efforts of Zheng Zhenduo, the "Ten Bamboo Zhai Notes" was re-engraved, but unfortunately Lu Xun only saw the first volume of the engraved "Ten Bamboo Zhai Notes" and died, and the re-engraved "Ten Bamboo Zhai Notes" is still loved by people. To this day, the note they have engraved has become a sought-after item at auctions of ancient books.
Nanjing Ten Bamboo Zhai Plaque
Street view of Nanjing Shizhuzhai Street
To this day, Shizhuzhai is still a famous brand. On Sunday, April 29, 2012, during my visit to Nanjing, I made a special visit to Shizhuzhai at No. 72 Taiping South Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. What you see in front of you has been completely transformed into a dormitory building, and the Ten Bamboo Zhai is just a door-facing room facing the street. This kind of thing is not the result of people and non-people, but more or less let their nostalgia have a trace of pity.
Plaque of Xiuning Hu Zhengyan's former residence
The title of the former residence
The main entrance of the former residence
Regarding Hu Zhengyan's hometown, Pan Tianzhen combed through it in detail in the article "Hu Zhengyan Family Examination", and Zhang Zhaozeng, a Huguang Qing official of the Nanjing Punishment Department, said in his "Preface to the Compilation of Aphorisms": "From the name of Zhengyan, Hu Anding is of descent, the master of the Ten Bamboo Zhai. "It turned out that Hu Yuecong was a Northern Song Dynasty great Confucian Hu Yan, Hu Yu was a Hailing person, but Hu Yuecong lived in Xiuning, Anhui, and when his family moved from Hailing to Xiuning, there is no record of the data. But today Xiuning has the former residence of Hu Zhengyan, which is located in Wenchang Lane, Haiyang Town, Xiuning County, Anhui Province.
On the left is the Bunbao card
Side-by-side condition
Wenchang Lane
From Huangshan City, I took a bus to Xiuning, and then took a taxi to Wenchang Lane, but what I saw in front of it was that the gate was locked. Helplessly, hu zhengyan's former residence was next to the tall building of the Xiuning County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, which was painted pink, and the two places were next to each other, forming a sense of visual confusion.
Opposite the Dragon Pond Pavilion
Ask the sanitation for some details
According to the provisions of the Cultural Relics Law, the cultural protection unit must list the distance around the protection point, and this building is built close to the old residence, which is obviously not a compliant practice. But from the perspective of benefits, this former residence has been set up with a wenbao brand, after all, there are ruins to explore, although it is impossible to enter its door, but standing here and looking at everything in front of you, there is still a sense of relief. However, this ancient building does not look like it was built at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and in my opinion, there may be a re-capping person here during the Republic of China. Standing here and looking around, across the road there is a Longchige alley, where the old building is much older than Hu Zhengyan's former residence, but unfortunately the old building there has nothing to do with the famous publisher.