i. Plastic Trimming:
Pomegranate germination rate is high, the branching force is strong, it is easy to germinate tillers, and the phenomenon of branches growing is more common. Therefore, in production, first of all, we must standardize the tree shape, adopt a happy tree shape that is conducive to improving the light, and the number of trunks should not be too much.
In the first year after planting, 1 to 4 branches with robust growth and suitable direction are selected to cultivate as the main trunk, and then remove the tillers in time.
In the spring of the second year, 4 to 5 branches are selected to shorten 1/3, and the rest of the branches are slowly released, and the long branches can be cut off in the summer (summer solstice) to reduce the branching site. Remove tiller strips from the rhizosphere and the lower part of the trunk in a timely manner.
In the third year, the branch pulling method was mainly adopted, and the main branch angle was about 60 degrees, which promoted the growth of effective short and strong branches, and at the same time appropriately thinned and truncated, creating conditions for cultivating tree shape and fruiting branch groups. For trees with excessive growth, pay attention to removing excessively large and excessive branches and competing branches, reduce nutrient consumption, promote their rational distribution to effective branches, form more mixed buds, and increase the amount of fruiting branches.
For fruit trees of more than 4 years, it is necessary to remove excess branches, create a ventilated and transparent tree structure, focus on removing long branches, over-dense branches, thin and weak branches, diseased and insect branches, and drooping branches; timely retract mutually intersecting branches, overlapping branches within 20cm, lengthy branches and long branches with space and weak branches, in order to restore growth potential and cultivate fruiting branches, and achieve continuous harvest. In addition, on the basis of winter pruning, summer shearing measures such as bud smearing and heart picking were adopted after fruit set to cultivate the fruit group.
Two. Soil fertilizer water management:
1. Apply bottom fertilizer before winter: Before and after the leaves fall of pomegranate trees, use bio-organic fertilizer 80 kg + microbial bacterial fertilizer 10 kg + 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kg, after mixing well, each tree is ditched and sprinkled 2 to 3 kg, and watered after fertilization.
2. Fertilization before germination: When the pomegranate tree buds germinate, ditch on both sides of the tree body, use bio-organic fertilizer 80 kg + microbial bacterial fertilizer 10 kg + 64% diammonium phosphate 50 kg, mix well, apply 2 to 3 kg per plant, and water after fertilization.
3. The first puffed fruit fertilizer: 7 to 15 days after the pomegranate fruit set fruit, use high nitrogen and high potassium compound fertilizer 20 kg + high nitrogen and high potassium type compound fertilizer 20 kg, after mixing, each tree in the canopy under the main branch end inward about 30 cm, dig 5 to 7 holes, each hole sprinkled 0.2 ~ 0.3 kg, fertilization after watering
4. Second puffed fruit fertilizer: When the pomegranate fruit pot surface begins to turn red, use 20 kg of low-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer + 20 kg of low-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer, after mixing, each tree is about 30 cm inward at the end of the main branch under the canopy, dig 5 to 7 holes, sprinkle 0.1 to 0.2 kg per hole, and water after fertilization
Iii. Flower and fruit management:
1. After the pomegranate flowers are budded, remove too many bell-shaped flowers, and for more than 2 concurrent tube flowers, leave small and large, and leave single fruits. Remove diseased and insect fruits and overcrowded fruits. The small fruits of the double fruit and most of the late-flowered fruits are so that they can grow fruit and bear good fruit.
2. In the early flowering period in early May, the main branch or large auxiliary branch with a small amount of flowers is circumcised 1 to 2 times, and the distance between the two rings is maintained at more than 4 cm, which can improve the fruit set rate.
3. Spraying from the first flowering period to the full flowering period 0. 2% urea and 0.2% borax mixture, before flowering, after flowering and fruiting, respectively, with paclobutrazol, gibberellin and anti-fallin spray tree body, to inhibit the growth of new shoots, control of falling flowers and fruit has an important role, can effectively improve fruit set rate, increase quality, improve yield.
Major pest control:
1. Qingyuan: Before the pomegranate sprouts, spray 3 ~ 5 ° stone sulfur compound (stone sulfur compound boiling and use method: use quicklime: sulfur: water = 1.5: 2: 10 ratio. Dissolve the quicklime with half the water and then the sulfur with half the water. Then, the pot is heated, and then the lime slurry and sulfur slurry are poured into the pot at the same time, and then simmered for half an hour, and the residue at the bottom of the pot is provoked by branches, if the residue becomes green, remove the fierce fire, use the low heat, at the same time, pour 2 to 3 mm of waste motor oil into the pot, and then simmer for 1 hour. At this time, the stone sulfur compound can reach 27 ~ 29 degrees), which can effectively control the Japanese turtle wax beetle and the purple weed velvet beetle;
2. Prevention and control of pomegranate root rot:
(1) Spring fertilization: 80 kg of bio-organic fertilizer + 10 kg of microbial bacterial fertilizer + 50 kg of 64% diamine phosphate, after mixing, 1 ~ 2 kg of each tree cavity;
(2) Root irrigation: use 1 kg of microbial fertilizer + 200 kg of water + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 two + 43% pentrazole 1 two, stir well and then irrigate the roots, irrigate 3 to 5 kg per tree.
3. Prevention and treatment of anthrax (spotting):
(1) After pomegranate germination, spray with 80% paraphytic 600~800 times liquid + 70% methylthiopramine 800 times liquid;
(2) After the beginning of sugar conversion in pomegranate fruit (reddening of the epidermis of the fruit), spray with 800 times of pyrazole ether ester + 70% methylthioxine 600 times liquid + 500 times of brown sugar + 400 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, once a week, twice.
4. Prevent secondary fruit fall of pomegranate: The secondary fruit fall of pomegranate is mainly due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer during the fruit setting period, or the temperature is too high, resulting in nutritional imbalance and fruit fall. One week after the pomegranate flowers fall, the foliar spray yogurt recipe (yogurt 10 kg + brown sugar 1 kg + 1 kg of old vinegar, put together and stir well, let stand for two days) 150 times liquid + borax 1500 times liquid.
5. Control of other diseases and pests: after pomegranate flowers fall, after fruit set, before bagging, use 10 imidacloprid 1000 times liquid + 2% avermectin 1000 times liquid + 48% chlorpyrifos 1000 times liquid + 25 pyrazolazicin 800 times liquid + 70% methylthioxine 800 times liquid, spray.