After I. Yu and Yan, Gao Qingkui was vigorously "red" for 15 years
Among the first four major students, Yu and Ma are now more prosperous, and their heights and speeches are relatively depressed.
I have written a little bit of tall and verbal things before, written about their life experiences, and talked about their artistic characteristics. This is a layman written for laymen to see, and its positioning is to hope that people who understand some drama can have some resonance, and people who do not understand drama can also understand it in general. Although I like the old life, but also a layman, I have to look at the comments of my predecessors, synthesize many materials, but not all of them are other people's bread, and there are some of their own analysis, experience and experience of watching drama.
In the first half of the 1930s, Yu Shuyan retired, Yan Jupeng went downhill, and the top beams in the old students in the north were probably Gao Qingkui and Ma Lianliang. A founding figure like Gao Qingkui has very little material, and there is not even a thin biography so far, so it is a little difficult to write this one.
Under the cultivation of Jia's uncle and nephew, Gao Qingkui learned everything from Lao Tan, Wang Pai, Sun Pai, and Jia Jiamen himself, and his vision gradually broadened. It is said that the Yangtze River reached the Jiujiang area at the junction of Hubei and Jiangxi, joined nine tributaries, the river is wide, the Yangtze River in this area is also called the Nine Sects, and the old man has the Liju of "Yunheng Nine Sect Floating Yellow Crane". In the early days, Gao Qingkui began to mature little by little under the nourishment of many schools, and later came from one faction, and also absorbed the provisions of more other factions.
At the age of 24, he began to sing in the official class, but by this time his voice had not yet turned upside down. At this time, it was the early years of the Republic of China, Beijing famous people such as Lin, Lao Tan and other famous people were still alive, and the more senior ones like Wang Fengqing, Guan Dayuan, Wang Youchen, etc. already had a slight status, and Yu Shuyan and Yan Jupeng also showed their heads. Gao Qingkui felt that if he wanted to play a world in this place with strong hands, he had to start from the two aspects of "observing the advanced and cultivating the audience", then he could only take more classes and go on stage. So he set a "three no dispute" principle: do not compete for the protagonist and supporting roles, do not compete about the sequence of drama, and do not fight about how much money they have. As soon as this wind was released, the stewards of each class felt that he was humble and easy-going, and they asked him to take a class. So when others were idle at home waiting for the invitation, he was very busy, and he had to catch several yards a day. In this way, he has the opportunity to observe the drama of famous people on stage, and he can cultivate the audience's affinity offstage, step by step, according to his plan. Now it seems that this "three no disputes" is not only a low-key way of being a person, but also a clever business strategy, in the fierce competitive environment, "small profits and quick sales", relying on more face and practice, to get more opportunities and experience points.
Yang Xiaolou, Mei Lanfang, Yu Zhenting
Among the many classes he has taken, Yu Zhenting, Mei Lanfang, and Yang Xiaolou have done the most to him. For example, in Yu Zhenting's Shuangqing Society, at that time, Mei Lanfang was channeling red and was the top card. Yu Zhenting deliberately let Gao give Mei a mat play and a play, and in Mei's new play, Gao is almost unsatisfied, as if he has become a Mei Party figure. Mei Lanfang was able to win the seats more than Tan Xinpei at that time, with the largest audience, and in the hearts of Mei Lanfang's audience, she naturally had the status of Gao Qingkui.
In 1918, Mei Lanfang went to Japan to perform, and Lao Sheng brought Gao Qingkui and Guan Dayuan. May performed 16 times on the day, each with a high. Xue Rengui was played in "Fenhe Bay", Luo Han was played in "Heavenly Girl Scattered Flowers", veteran soldier was played in "Overlord Farewell", little eunuch was played in "Cosmic Front" and so on. Mei said: This time to perform in Japan, I invited a "wild" from Beijing, and I said that it was Gao. (The so-called "wild" is the "bastard" in mahjong tiles.
And just before going to Japan, his voice suddenly improved, higher and wider and brighter than before the collapse, which was really not one out of a hundred singing dramas. His artistic life turned to a bright future. By 1920, he got rid of his supporting career and began to hang up the top card. After another six months of hanging the headlines, Gao Qingkui believed that his momentum was strong and the foundation was stable, and since 1921, he had picked his own shifts.
The "Four Great Su sheng before and after" in Peking Opera
From the second year of the Republic of China to the ten years of the Republic of China, from taking classes and performing two roads, to being able to sing the right drama, to hanging up the head card, until he organized his own class, he relied on an ambition, patience and humility, step by step, and soared. Later, he ran outside the dock, became popular, and sang vigorously for 15 years until he fell his voice in 1934.
Second, the source of living water: the mentor Liu Hongsheng, even Tan Xinpei King is jealous of three points
It is impossible to say that Gao Qingkui cannot fail to mention Liu Hongsheng, who is also the founding sect master. If Jia Honglin's things are the former source tributaries of the Gao Sect, then Liu Hongsheng's things are the main veins of the Gao Sect.
Liu Hongsheng is an outlier in the pear garden world.
Liu Hongsheng
He was a little later than Lao Tan, originally a guy from a small knife shop, was a ticket friend, initially sang flower faces, and also gave Lao Tan a play, and later changed to singing Lao Sheng, Eclectic, Wang, Sun, Tan Duxue, some people said that his basic outline was still Tan's (Liu Zengfu), and some people said that his play path was close to Zhang Erkui's faction (Wu Xiaoru). No matter who he is like, his characteristics are very distinct, that is, he can sing. His talent is too good, his voice is surprisingly good, his tone is rarely high, he can have it as he wants, and he can sing it as much as he loves. From liu gaisheng to the last play before his death, he always ate B tones (shang, ruler, worker, fan, six, positive, B, these seven tones are the ruler score of the previous opera record tune, equivalent to the note from 1 to 7. The six-character tone is a common key for ordinary old students, the B tone is two tones higher than it, some actors can sing this key before collapsing, and Liu is not down for the rest of his life). Because the cost is too much, as long as he sings a lot of plays, he dares to sing, the low cavity also sings high, the high cavity is higher, and the high will be sent to the peak, and the sound quality is crisp and transparent, known as "glass cui". This is different from the things of the Tan Sect, and it is mixed with the things of the Kui Sect, the Wang Sect, and the Sun Sect, and gradually becomes a faction of its own. The audience listened to him singing and felt addicted and thirst quenched.
When he was red and purple, Tan Xinpei also had to concede three points.
However, Liu Hongsheng's shortcomings are also obvious, in the early years, due to illness, he fell a little lame, and the martial arts and action difficult dramas could not be moved. (However, according to Liu Zengfu, who has seen his play, it is not possible to perform normally on stage) And, because he is a ticket fan, he also lacks the ability to read white and his body. Even if you sing, you can't cover up the ugliness. His tone is too high, walking low has become a weakness, and another problem is that when singing allegro, the rhythm is not clear, the melody is too monotonous, there is no depression and ups and downs, the pronunciation is not clear, and the insider is called a soup. In 1921, Liu Hongsheng died in the background after performing "Finish bi to Zhao" on the Shanghai Grand Stage.
God took away an unborn genius and will drop another one.
Gao Qingkui is the successor.
It was in 1921 that he opened his own army and independently picked the class.
That good voice that was unparalleled in the world, and the crowd fell for it.
Third, the characteristics of Gaopai: not only "high", not just "mixed children"
Gao Qingkui saw Liu Hongsheng with his own eyes, and even Old Tan had to retreat. Now that I have this condition, I naturally follow up. At that time, some people said that although his voice was not as crisp as Liu's crisp water spirit, it was strong and upright. Liu's masterpiece of that year, "Three Cuts and One Exploration" (Chopping Yellow Robes, Yuanmen Chopping Zi, Chopping Horse Rumors, and Shilang Visiting Mothers), was very similar to the high school. One of the characteristics of Liu Hongsheng's singing voice is that there are few air inlets, long dragging cavity, and the Yangtze River is a big river, which is a thousand miles. Gao also likes to use a long cavity, without stopping, in one go. In fact, a person's lung capacity is not so large, but in the end where he is secretly breathing, the audience can not hear it, can not but say that it is a great skill.
Gao Qingkui as Shen Baoxu in "Crying Qin Ting"
The guide board of "Father and Son Wept Sadly in the Palace Garden" and Hui Long "Remembering the Affairs of Asaka are not sad" sung by "Xiao Yaojin" are only two sentences, which is nearly three minutes, accounting for half of the record. Especially the front guide plate, whether Sun Juxian or Liu Hongsheng, is not as long as Gao Qingkui's traction cavity. The three words "father and son" make people feel that they are too aggrieved to suppress it, and then they continue to use crying tones, "in" tones to pull down, using crying tones; "palace" slowly rubbing upwards, or crying; "courtyard" with vibrato, but also through the crying cavity, showing the inner sadness and indignation.
Gao Qingkuizong Liu had another development change, and discarded Liu's flaws. His allegro is sharper than Liu's rhythm, sonorous and powerful, not as vague as Liu.
In "Iron Lotus", Gao Qingkui (right) plays Liu Zizhong, and Goldman Sachs Lin plays Dingsheng
In addition, Gao also has two characteristics that Liu does not have.
The first is the "knotty cavity" unique to Gaopai, which is often used in the later period. It is different from the knotty cavity of Tanpai. Lao Tan's softness is a vibrato like a pick, while Gao Qingkui's notes are clearly converted between them, the ups and downs are obvious, and the notes are angular. For example, the word "bow down" in "See the old lady Shi Yili bow down to worship" in "Chopper" uses a knotty cavity, twists and turns, euphemisms, and it is good to hear, reflecting the complex and embarrassing mood of the people in the play.
Second, Gao is more exquisite than Liu you when he goes down. Take the previous paragraph as an example, after praying and singing "Why did the old lady come here", Liu Hongsheng sang the word "for" with two repetitive high cavities, while Gao Qingkui sang "for" the word only made the flat cavity, and the "How Lai" in the back also took the low tone, all of which were Tan Pai's strength, which was more euphemistic and affectionate than Liu sang. (Liu's sentence can be listened to audio)
Gao Qingkui's audience is very wide, there are scholars, farmers, industrialists and merchants, who does not know that Boss Gao's plays are addictive and hateful? At the turn of the 20s and 30s, the cooperation stage between him and Hao Shouchen was a golden period. At that time, in Huayuan Park, there were several night plays every week, and there were also Sunday daytime performances, most of which were full. At that time, the small fruit bureau (dried fruit shop) and the small bee cake shop next to HuaYuan Park had to queue up in front of the door whenever Gao Qingkui performed. At that time, there were many church meetings, and Gao Qingkui could sing three times in one day and night "Visiting the Mother's Return Order" (performed in the theater during the day and rushed to two church meetings at night), full of spirit and full of energy, and his peers also sighed as a miracle. (I think of Nadal in the tennis world, when he was the most popular, he overpowered Fei Tianwang, when the people around Fei said that according to Natto, the injury period was not far away.) Such a red-hot situation lasted for several years, and the momentum that rose up was really like a crane in the clear sky, straight up into the clouds. With the heat of the fire enough, Gao Qingkui began to set up his own court.
The characteristics of Gaopai, in addition to those mentioned above, there is also an important one that is a mixture of hundreds of families and a family of its own. At that time, the pear garden circles in Beijing gave him a nickname: "Gao Zao'er". Mixed is a kind of snack in Beijing, which is actually a platter of dried fruits, broad beans, peanuts, peach kernels, persimmon cakes, sugar balls... You can spell it any way. This is certainly not a nice word, it means that things are a hodgepodge, not pure.
In Beiping, some self-styled opera connoisseurs do not listen to Gao Qingkui.
Gao himself also has an attitude towards the notoriety of this "miscellaneous child": "I was born in the singing team of the second and third roads, and I have seen all the good horns and schools in the past, and I have sung with me." I don't have so many dead rules for acting, whoever acts well, I will learn who, whose toys suit my path, I will take it and try it, I will use it, I will throw it away. Can my play be uncomplicated? It is not an easy task to be able to become a mixed school, and it is better for me to call it by others. "It is said that Gao Qingkui and Yu Shuyan have a good relationship (I think the style of the two people and the audience do not overlap much, do not grab rice in a pot, but can be well treated), once went back to the restaurant, a dish is braised mixed, the same table accompanying guests first moved chopsticks, but also chanted, I love to eat mixed. Yu stabbed him twice with chopsticks, suggesting silence. After Gao saw it, he laughed and said to the accompanying guests: Don't get in the way, I also love to eat braised mix, there is everything in it, which kind of appetite to choose which to eat.
The high miscellaneous reflects his ability to integrate and innovate, and it is also the reason why he can become a school of his own.
His miscellaneous, the first reflected in the new screenwriting is many. Like "Xunyang Lou", "Weeping Qin Ting", "Shi Kefa", "Coal Mountain Hate", "Gift of Silk Robes", etc. are his first creations, and have also become the representative works of Gao Pai. In particular, after the September 18 Incident in 1931, he was able to compile and perform "Shi Kefa", "Zhan Suiyang", "Coal Mountain Hate", which reflected the end of the dynasty under the big situation of national disasters, and the drama "Yang Jiaoshan" was greatly affected by the audience and even interfered with by the authorities. This is not only the spirit of innovation, but also a layer of patriotism in it.
The second embodiment of Gao Zao is that the sect's schools are different, even if he performs a certain school of specialized repertoire, although he is based on this school, he also adopts the singing voice and singing method of the other schools. As mentioned earlier, Gao Qingkui is mainly used as a descendant of the Liu Sect, but he will know more and see the widest, Wang, Sun, Tan, Jia, and Sanmazi things. More importantly, because he has learned solidly, drilled deeply, and used various factions of things, there are still rules to be found, not out of nothing, made up, the audience can also look at it smoothly, listen to it can also be smooth, there is no far-fetched, blunt, bizarre feeling. That is to say, a hundred families were mixed together, and eventually they became one.
The "Three Eyes" of "Coal Mountain Hate" has the southern school singing method, and the Qi school "Chasing Han Xin" sings the charm, showing a feeling of disappointment and helplessness.
The third manifestation of high miscellaneous is proficiency in different trades.
Gao Qingkui emulated Liu Hongsheng, Hua Face could play "Judge Of The Dragon", Wu Sheng could play "Serial Set", Hongsheng could play "Huarong Dao"; followed the example of Wang Guifen, Lao Dan could play "Fishing for Golden Turtles", "Digging the Ground to See Mother", "You Liu Dian" and so on. It is worth mentioning that when Gao Qingkui performed in Shanghai many times, in addition to the above popular plays, there are one to three copies of "Drama Fan Biography" that are the most famous. In the play, Gao Qingkui, as a fan, plays the role of sheng, dan, net, ugly, and various genres.
Fourth, the heavenly jealous talents and masters have fallen
At the end of 1934, Gao Qingkui's throat suddenly fell ill, and he was so dull that he could not say a word.
Zhuge Liang played by Gao Qingkui
Regarding the cause, there are many speculations, some say that the disease accumulation in the early years recurred in the prime of life, and the poisonous fire extended to the throat; some simply said that it was throat cancer; and some said that it was drugged and assassinated. He had to quit acting at home, and Xu Tu recuperated. The way of heaven, the so-called loss of more than enough to make up for the lack, although Gao Qingkui himself is humble and kind, but such a high-pitched voice can not last long after all. From the way of nature, if you dig and use too much, it is easy to get into trouble; from the way of the world, such a good voice is inevitably hated by people. In short, God has given you the same extraordinary endowment, and will also find you some trouble on this, and will not let the good be good and the bad always bad.
In 1938, he went to teach at the Chinese Opera College, and from 1939 to Fu Lian Cheng Society, he served as a consultant.
On February 4, 1942, Gao Qingkui died at the age of 53 at the 78th Apartment in Beijing's Rotten Alley.