Fujian Ningde "Ehime 28" citrus cultivation technology
Xu Saihua
0 Preface
The "Ehime 28" variety is a hybrid citrus variety cultivated after hybridization in Ehime Prefecture, Japan, whose father is Amakusa and mother is Nanxiang at the Fruit Tree Test Site, and is also known as Red Beauty because of its deep red color after ripening, smooth fruit surface and beautiful appearance. After being introduced to Fujian region, the variety has a good performance in terms of quality, appearance and fruit habits and stress resistance, etc., so it has been widely planted in Fujian region, and has developed as an early ripening high-grade citrus variety in the planting industry, and has obtained better market benefits, and now summarizes the related cultivation technology of "Ehime 28" as below.
1 Overview of the performance of "Ehime 28" after the introduction
1.1 Botany characteristics
After the successful introduction, the fruit tree has a strong ability to pick branches, and the growth of the treetops is at a medium level compared with other citrus varieties, and the overall growth trend is on the strong side. Compared with the "Newhall" varieties in the market at that time, the leaves were dark green, slightly smaller and narrower in shape, and a few fruit trees could form a "willow leaf", and the fruit was slightly longer. In general, it sprouts at the end of February and can be pumped 3 to 4 times, with an average length of 8 cm to 12 cm. The summer stage is from May to July, which is very prone to a long time, with a length of 20 cm to 34 cm, which can reduce the convulsions of summer shoots after entering the fruiting period. The autumn shoot period is August, when the leaves are larger. Entering the flowering period, the flowers are white and oval, the petals are spindle-shaped, mostly 4 petals to 5 petals, and the filament has 16 to 22 branches, which are separated. Pollen pollen is medium, with 5 sepals, and the ovary is spherical. The flowering period is in mid-to-late March, the full flowering period is in mid-to-late April, and the first physiological fruit drop is from the end of April to the beginning of May. The second physiological fruit drop begins in June, and from July to September, it enters the fruit expansion period, and after entering the end of October, the fruit matures and physiological fruit fall rarely occurs. In the practice of planting, it was found that in the fruiting stage after the high-succession substitution, it was necessary to implement bracing and fixation to prevent the results from breaking the branches too much.
1.2 Economic characteristics of the fruit
The fruit is flattened, short, round, and the skin is orange-red in color, thin and smooth, with a larger and slightly prominent hug. The average fruit weight is about 200g, the largest is 248g, the thin wall of the capsule is tightly connected with the white cortex, the peeling is not easy, the flesh is orange, soft, fruity and seedless. It can be ripened and picked in late October, but it is not easy to store, and the peel of the stored fruit will become soft, and it is not easy to separate the pulp and peel. After ripening, the soluble solids of the fruit are about 11%, the acid is reduced early, and the taste is suitable.
2 Overview of cultivation techniques related to "Ehime 28"
2.1 Choose a suitable cultivation base
The cultivation base should have no pollution, convenient transportation and drainage, sufficient light conditions, there should be a soil depth of more than 1m and the groundwater level is below 1.5m, the soil is loose and fertile, and the soil pH is slightly acidic. If you want to plant in a hilly and mountainous terrain area, you can choose a gentle slope with a slope of less than 30° below.
After selecting the planting base, the excavation and fertilization operation was carried out, and from the end of January to the end of February, the excavation operation was carried out in the cultivation ground according to the plant spacing of 3 m and the pit spacing, and the cultivation hole specification was 1 m in length, width and depth. In the digging operation, the topsoil and the bottom soil are placed separately, and after the cultivation hole is dug, combined with the nature of the backfill soil, a total of 60 kg of livestock manure (pigs, sheep, cattle), 30 kg of poultry manure (chicken, duck, goose), or the decomposed "rape cake 3 kg + calcium superphosphate fertilizer 2 kg" is used as the bottom fertilizer, according to the analogy of a layer of fertilizer and a layer of soil, the distribution is evenly applied in the lower part of the cultivation hole, and the fertilization is stopped when the backfill depth reaches two-thirds of the height. After backfilling, the soil of the cultivation hole will be about 15 cm higher than the original ground, and after the soil sinks, the hole will be dug and transplanted. Hilly and mountainous terrain should be excavated in accordance with the contour line. Usually, the number of cultivation pits should be 66 to 74 /667m2.
2.2 Transplanting and colonization
From mid-February to early March, we will carry out transplanting and colonization work, select robust grafted seedlings, and dig a customized hole in the cultivation hole, with a specification of 15 cm to 20 cm. Plant one plant per hole, preferably 5 cm above the surface of the seedling at a depth. When grafting seedlings need to be transported over long distances, their roots need to be soaked in water for 2 h and covered with mud. When planting, the saplings should be kept upright, the root system should be stretched as far as possible, not in direct contact with the bottom fertilizer, and the soil filled with the root system should be finely fragmented. After planting, gently lift the saplings upwards with your hands, and water them in time with your feet on the soil, covering a layer of dry fine soil.
2.3 Sapling management
For the management of seedlings at the young age, the main work is to prevent soil drought compaction, prevent water staining, regular weeding, regular application of ammonia fertilizer to help lift seedlings, and timely shaping and pruning. In order to improve the efficiency of land use, dwarf crops such as mung beans and peanuts can be planted in areas other than the vertical projection of the sapling canopy, which can not only control weed growth, but also increase economic benefits.
Authentic Elephant Mountain Red Beauty Citrus Seedling Ehime No. 28 No. 38 Early Ripening Orange Sapling Southern Planting Result ¥39.6 Purchase
For the management of adult saplings, in the sixth year after the set, the Ehime fruit can enter the peak of fruit, during which the amount of fertilization should be increased, and land fertilization should be implemented twice a year. In the stage of fruit expansion, Ehime fruit is very sensitive to the supply of water, in order to avoid the lack of water caused by the fruit small taste acid, should be timely implementation of irrigation and drainage, it is best to implement irrigation at 10 a.m. Regular pruning should also be carried out each year to promote branch germination and cultivate more fruiting mother branches. Light conditions can be improved in combination with the "open skylight" method, and pillars should be set up in time for branches with more fruits to prevent damage to branches from affecting the results of the next year.
The pest control work of Ehime fruit is also very important, the main diseases are ulcers, scabs, bituminous coal disease, you can choose thiophoresis copper, Bordeaux liquid, stone sulfur compound and other pesticides for alternating spray control at the beginning of the disease. The main insect pests are red spiders, black spinosa whiteflies, sagittarius lice, rust ticks, tianniu pests, which can be used in time to implement alternating spray treatment with pesticides such as thiazide ketone, stone sulfur compound, pyridoxine, avermectin, sodium tartarate, octylthion and so on. In Fujian, the effective measures for pest control are commonly used as a white single-layer bag method, and good pest control effects have been achieved in practice.
3 Conclusion
In summary, "Ehime 28" as an early ripening citrus variety, about 1 month earlier than the "Newhall" ripening period in the market, the flesh is orange, soft texture, juicy and thin, the fruit aroma is strong, there is also a "jelly orange" called. In order to occupy a better market, it is necessary to base it on excellent cultivation technology, so as to ensure the supply demand of fresh fruits in the Chinese market and play a role in supplementing the diversity of varieties.