Author: Lao Tan, Source: Tang Poetry song poetry ancient poems (ID: tsgsc8)
The poets of the Tang Dynasty, some of whom had similar names, such as Li Du and Xiao Li Du, would always make people have inextricable associations.
According to scholars, Li Bai and Li Shangyin, Du Fu and Du Mu, do have a little relationship.
Compared with the relationship between them who could only fight with eight rods, between Du Fu and Du Zhenyan, it was really a real grandfather and grandson.
In the TV series "The Legend of Wulin", Guo Furong has a line, which basically means: Now when I am mentioned, everyone will bear the brunt of saying that I am daddy's daughter; when I break out of the Ming Hall, I will talk about Guo Juxia in the jianghu, and I must say that he is Guo Furong's father Yunyun.
The elders are too strong, it is conceivable that the pressure of children is bound to be great, and Du Fu's life must have experienced such stages.
The reason is that there is no him, Du Fu's grandfather Du Zhenyan, he is crazy, strong in writing poetry, many friends, and Lu Ziye.
Fortunately, Du Fu's achievements are even higher, posterity knows more about him, knows less about Du Zhenyan, and even the author conceived the title of Du Zhenyan, but also has to take advantage of the heat of his grandson.
Confucianism is the foundation
Referring to his grandfather Du Zhenyan, Du Fu once said proudly: "Since the ancestors of the emperor Du forgave, pre-surrendered, served the Confucian officials, and did not fall into the su karma." ”
Du Fu's words come from the "Table of Entering the Sculpture", in which the "ancestors" Du Shu and Du Pre actually have a lot of potential. Du Shu was a sage at the end of the Han Dynasty, and Du Pre removed the identity of a famous minister, or a famous Confucian of the Jin Dynasty, and he also had a lot of experience in the study of the "Left Transmission".
Recently, in the entertainment industry, a "star" said that his son became famous, and said a saying: "The old cat sleeps in the room, and it is passed down from generation to generation." Although this sentence is rude, it is quite appropriate to use on the old Du family.
Not to mention the Han and Jin Dynasties, Du Zhenyan of the Tang Dynasty took learning as the basis, served Confucian officials, and finally used Confucianism into poetry, living off the image of a Confucian who had been passed down from generation to generation.
In the Confucian tradition, the idea of loyalty undoubtedly occupies an important position, and through Du Zhenyan's poetry, you can see the depth of his loyalty thought.
There are not many poems circulated by Du Zhenyan, but nearly 1/5 of the content is about the poems that should be made. The so-called "poems that should be made" are just to accompany the lucky waiters and feast, sing praises and praises.
Longevity Zhen Xiang Offering, Three Spring Scenery Nourishment.
The young minister drank with the sea and sang praises and answered inaction.
Du Zhenyan obtained a meritorious name when he was young, and his studies were extremely smooth, but his career was quite bumpy, and in the last few months before his death, he became a scholar of the Shuwenguan, writing articles, sorting out classics, lecturing on the history of the scriptures for the emperor, and so on.
Frankly speaking, Zhi Xueshi was not a high official, ranking below the six pins, but for a Confucian, it can be said that he was highly compatible, and Du Zhenyan must have been quite happy. One Chinese New Year's Eve festival, Du Zhenyan was already dying of old age, but he wrote:
Smell the pot with pleasure, and see the bucket at night.
It will also be trillions of lives, and it will also be the Ninth City.
As for Du Fu, speaking of his grandfather's resume, he also had reverence, and his pride was simply overflowing with words, and in the "Table of Entering the Sculpture", Du Fu continued to write:
"(Grandpa Du Zhenyan) Xiuwen was in the dynasty of Emperor Zhongzong, and he was highly regarded as the house of the library, so the world's bachelors have been taught to this day."
Looking at Du Zhenyan's poems alone, you must feel that he is always cautious and cautious, and he is always trembling; and if you look at Du Fu's articles, his grandfather has ink in his chest and poetry books in his belly, and he can be called a teacher of the world's bachelors.
It's just two people. Therefore, in addition to the identity of the Confucian, what kind of character is Du Zhenyan?
Arrogance for the bone
Du Fu's exaggeration is already a bit exaggerated, but it is not enough to describe Du Zhen's madness.
In the main history, he is described by the four words "arrogant and proud". The so-called "謇", originally meaning "stuttering", extended to "integrity" and "pride", from this point of view, "謇傲" has both integrity and pride.
Integrity is the duty of a Confucian, but pride is a crazy daily life. Realistically speaking, since ancient times, few intellectuals have not been arrogant, and even the pride and even unreasonableness of the literati can be understood and tolerated by the world.
However, Du Zhenyan can be called a unique madman in the Tang Dynasty, arrogant to the point where people cannot tolerate it.
Also from the records of the Zhengshi, Du Zhenyan once said that his literary style was enough to humiliate Qu Yuan, and his calligraphy could accept Wang Xizhi as an apprentice.
There is a saying that people are going to die, and their words are good, and Du Zhenyan is seriously ill, and when he is dying, Song Zhiqing and other friends go to visit.
On the sickbed, Du Zhenyan did not change his arrogant nature: "An individual's life is given by God, what can I say about this?" I have suppressed you for a long time on top of the literary talent, and now I am going to die, which is really a happy thing. The only regret is that I can't see the person who replaced me. ”
At this point, it is difficult for us to imagine that Song Zhi asked everyone what kind of expression they had.
People often say that the madness comes to an end, and it is difficult to harvest the water. In addition to patting the emperor on the horse, Du Zhenyan was crazy about his colleagues and friends for a lifetime. He went crazy to the end, taunted his friends for decades, and in the end, all the poets obediently came to send him to the end.
So, at least as far as Du Zhenyan was concerned, the madness came to an end, a bunch of friends.
Taoism is for use
Yu Jiaguo Sheji, Du Zhenyan regarded Confucianism as orthodox; helplessly, Orthodox did not accept him, and Du Zhenyan occasionally used Lao Tzu's ideas of "dealing with inferiority" and "misfortune" to forgive himself.
There is no land to go, and there is a unique king.
The wine is full of moons, and the clouds are floating outside.
"Divine horses are floating clouds" is an old Internet buzzword, and you can see that Du Zhenyan, who dates back to 1300 years ago, has long been mentioned in the poem.
Although he was arrogant and not accepted by the powerful, Du Zhenyan was quite popular. In Terms of Confucianism, he had four close friends, known in history as the "Four Friends of articles". On the Taoist level, he had more friends, reaching ten.
We can't even judge whether the reason why there are so many friends outside the party is because his popularity is too good, or whether there are more people who are ostracized, and the base is large enough, and there are more people who have fallen into the world.
Taoism originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and went through the Southern and Northern Dynasties, so that it was sui and Tang dynasties. Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, in order to raise his stature, climbed laozi Li Er and claimed to be a descendant of Laozi.
It is true that Emperor Li Tang believed in Buddhism, but when it comes to governing the country and the world, he still has to rely on Confucianism. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the Confucian master Han Yu also used the doctrine of Mandate of Heaven and feudal gangchang to oppose the Buddha and Dao Yijun.
Confucianism is the body, Taoism is the use, so it has become the way of dealing with the world by Du Zhenyan.
The "Ten Friends of Fangwai" contains many celebrities who have attracted worldwide attention, such as Chen Ziang, who also drilled Confucianism and was equally arrogant, but also "worldly good to eat", and was a devout Taoist believer.
Du Zhenyan experienced the ups and downs of the eunuch sea, and in his interactions with them, he established a life creed of origin and retreat: take "chaoyin" as the heart and the career path as the trace. As he says in his poem:
Suddenly sighing that everyone is turbid, and the embankment is waterproof to clear.
The king of the valley often does not let it, and he can be deeply refrained from profiting.
Yushu Zhilan
Du Zhenyan's personality is very simple, offending the powerful, but gaining friendship. In addition to many friends, Du Zhenyan's descendants are equally outstanding, which is his happiness and luck.
Why is it his luck? When Du Zhenyan was demoted to Jizhou, he offended the local magnates and was imprisoned, and at the crucial moment, it was his thirteen-year-old son Du He, who was armed with a sharp blade and sneaked to assassinate the magnates to avenge his father.
The existence of his son Du He is the personal luck of Du Zhenyan; the birth of his grandson Du Fu is the luck of all Chinese.
Du Fu's poems resounded through the clouds, and Han Yu's poems said: "Li Du's article is here, and the flames are long." "As sily said.
Du Zhenyan did not look up to Qu Yuan, and Du Fu did not want to see it either, in the poem "The Magnificent Tour", Du Fu wrote:
Qi Qi Qu Jia Lei, short eyes Cao Liu Wall.
He resigned from Jing Yin Tang alone.
In the poems, "Qu Jia" and "Cao Liu" refer to Qu Yuan, Jia Yi, Cao Zhi and Liu Zhen respectively, without the author saying more, they are all famous people in the world.
Of course, the same is to say harsh words, Du Fu is not like his grandfather, bragging to the limit, Du Fu means: I am not inferior in my heart, Jia; in sight I am stronger than Liu and the wall.
As everyone knows, Du Fu worried about the country and the people all his life, and he served the Confucian Shouguan I, in addition, his arrogance is also obvious to all.
I have to say that Du Fu's various behaviors are too much like Du Zhenyan's, and he is also a perfect collection of Confucians and madmen. Moreover, Du Fu's achievements in poetry are far stronger than those of Naizu.
Du Zhenyan, who had been crazy all his life, knew about the underground, and if he knew about this grandson, he didn't know how he would react.
Du Zhenyan said that the words must be simple, and the word "must be simple" comes out of the "Book of Rites and Music": "Great music will be easy, and great gifts will be simple." What this sentence means is that the best music must be easy; the greatest etiquette must be minimalist.
Du Zhenyan's life was neither easy nor simple, and he came in a frenzied manner and went without fear. The music he dedicated to the world was arrogant, arrogant, and magnificent.
In this way, will it be easy to be happy?
Resources:
1, Song Qi, Ouyang Xiu, etc.: New Book of Tang
2, Liao Lan: "Du Zhenyan and His Poetry Research"
3, Zhang Qinghua: "Du Zhenyan Commentary"
4, Pan Yue: "The Influence of Small Discussion on Du Fu's Poetry Creation"
-Author-
Always talk, always talk, always talk about people, nothing else.