After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao was defeated by Sun Liu's combined forces, laying the foundation for the establishment of the Three Kingdoms, and in the following ten years or so, Shu Han led the Northern Expedition several times but failed to change this pattern. Shu Han's own strength was weaker than that of Cao Wei, and after several Northern Expeditions, its strength was greatly weakened. Coupled with the struggle between Jiang Wei and Huang Hao after Zhuge Liang's death, it shook the foundation of Shu Han even more. On the other side, the State of Wu was also in constant turmoil because of Sun Quan's death, and many attacks on Wei ended in failure, and its strength was also weakened.
On the other hand, Cao Wei, even after the replacement of several monarchs and the seizure of power by the Sima family, the development was still relatively good. As a result, the situation in which Wei Shu and Wu fought side by side gradually collapsed due to the change of the three forces, which meant that the Three Kingdoms era had entered the end. It happened that in 260 AD, the Ganlu Incident, Sima Shi openly killed Cao Xian, although they further controlled the court but also lost public opinion and popular support.
In order to wash away the stains and accumulate capital for the usurpation of the throne, Sima Zhao urgently needed a big victory for the outside world. The weaker Shu Han between Shu and Wu became his target, and the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records: The old teachers and the people are tired, and I am now cutting them down, like fingers and ears. In August 263, after various arrangements and considerations, the 180,000 Wei army marched south in three ways. The playing style is very peculiar, Zhong Hui's army and Jiang Wei's main force are fighting at Jianmen Pass, and Deng Ai takes the opportunity to smuggle Yin Ping straight to Chengdu.
The Shu Han Dynasty came to this point today caused by many aspects, the limitations of its own strength, and the consumption brought about by the many Northern Expeditions. But his death so quickly was largely caused by the mistakes of the later lord Liu Chan, who listened to Huang Hao's ghost and witch theory. Blindly thinking that the Wei army would not attack, ignoring Jiang Wei's suggestions, and not letting the Qunchen know about this matter. As a result, it was too late for the Wei soldiers to come to the city, and Jiang Wei blocked Zhong Hui over there, but no one could stop Deng Ai anymore.
In this war of subjugation, the only correct choice Liu Chan made was probably surrender, after all, the battle of beicheng in this situation only brought about the destruction of the lives of the people. After the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty, Liu Chan moved to Luoyang, the capital of the Wei state, and was made the Duke of Anle County. In the seventh year of the Tai Dynasty (271), Liu Chan died, and the Jin (Sima Shi had replaced Cao Wei) gave him the courtesy name Sigong. Wei gave the fallen king better treatment and allowed him to spend the rest of his life in Luoyang, but what about the ministers under him?
The ministers under him had two endings because of their choices, one was to keep to themselves, and they could get a good ending. The premise of the anfen and self-preservation referred to here is that there is no enmity with the generals of the Wei state, and if there is a deep hatred in the blood sea, even if anfen keeps to oneself, it may not be possible to end well. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records that the Pang Dezihui, Sui Zhong, Deng Fa Shu, Shu Broken, destroyed the Guan family. When Pound De died at the hands of Guan Yu, Pang Hui always remembered this hatred, and when Shu died, he destroyed the Guan family.
Of course, this is only a minority, otherwise who would still be willing to surrender to the State of Wei would resist in order to survive. The other is to fight to the death, such as Jiang Wei, who is probably more affectionate than Liu Chan in his heart for the Shu Kingdom. The surrender was actually a false surrender, and the real intention was to encourage Zhong hui to rebel, and then plot to restore the country. At his instigation, Zhong Hui framed Deng Ai on the one hand, and prepared to rebel on the other hand. However, this matter was exposed, and on the eighteenth day of the first month of the fifth year of Jing Yuan (264), Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei died in a mutiny.
The matter did not end here, after Zhong Hui's death, the Wei army was uncontrolled, and hundreds of soldiers under the account were killed. Jiang Wei's wife and children did not escape the disaster, and liu Xuan, the former prince of Shu Han, as well as Zhang Yi, Jiang Bin, Jiang Xian, Wei Ji and others were all killed by the rebels, of which Jiang Bin and Jiang Xian were Jiang Huan's sons. Deng Ai's subordinates wanted to welcome back Deng Ai, but wei Wan instructed Tian Tou to kill Deng Ai's father and son, and Deng Ai's relatives and shi Lun and others were also killed.
And because Deng Ai was convicted of treason, several of his sons were killed, and his wife and grandson were exiled to the Western Regions. At this point, the Chengdu rebellion was settled, and Jiang Wei and others took advantage of their own deaths to pull a large number of generals of the Wei state. However, the main characters Jiang Wei and Zhong Hui were not extinct, and Jiang Wei also had a descendant named Jiang Baoyi, who served as a general of the Right Wu Wei during the reign of Li Yuan, the Emperor Gaozu of Tang. Another descendant named Jiang Ke, Emperor Gaozong of Tang, had already served as a military officer to the left, and Zhong Hui himself had no sons.
He only raised his brother's two sons, one Zhong Yong followed him and was killed, and the other adopted son and two nephews were imprisoned. Sima Zhao, taking into account the considerations of Zhong Xuan and others, only executed his adopted sons Zhong Yi and Zhong Yongzi, and also acquiesced to Xiang Xiong's collection of corpses for Zhong Hui. That is to say, the most tragic person in this incident was not the minister of the Shu state, but Deng Ai, who should have been a great hero but ended up in a situation of ruin.
Reference: Romance of the Three Kingdoms