網絡

網絡：英文一般翻譯為：internet ,network或.[electrics] [computer] a network。簡單的來說，就是用實體鍊路将各個孤立的工作站或主機相連在一起，組成資料鍊路，進而達到資源共享和通信的目的。

　　凡将地理位置不同，并具有獨立功能的多個計算機系統通過通信裝置和線路而連接配接起來，且以功能完善的網絡軟體（網絡協定、資訊交換方式及網絡作業系統等）實作網絡資源共享的系統，可稱為計算機網絡。

網絡一詞有多種意義，可解作：

　　1、流量網絡（flow network）也簡稱為網絡(network)。一般用來對管道系統、交通系統、通訊系統來模組化。有時特指計算機網絡 (computer network)，或特指其中的網際網路 (internet)由有關聯的個體組成的系統，如：人際網絡、交通網絡、政治網絡。

　　2、由節點和連線構成的圖。表示研究諸對象及其互相聯系。有時用帶箭頭的連線表示從一個節點到另一個節點存在某種順序關系。在節點或連線旁标出的數值，稱為點權或線權，有時不标任何數。用數學語言說，網絡是一種圖，一般認為它專指權重圖。網絡除了數學定義外，還有具體的實體含義，即網絡是從某種相同類型的實際問題中抽象出來的模型，習慣上就稱其為什麼類型網絡，如開關網絡、運輸網絡、通信網絡、計劃網絡等。總之，網絡是從同類問題中抽象出來的用數學中的圖論來表達并研究的一種模型。

　　計算機網絡是用通信線路和通信裝置将分布在不同地點的多台自治計算機系統互相連接配接起來，按照共同的網絡協定，共享硬體、軟體和資料資源的系統。

<b>實作網絡的四個要素：</b>

        1、通信線路和通信裝置

        2、有獨立功能的計算機

        3、網絡軟體軟體支援

        4、實作資料通信與資源共享

【計算機網絡的發展階段】

        遠端終端聯機階段

        計算機網絡階段（區域網路）

        計算機網絡互聯階段（廣域網、internet）

        資訊高速公路階段（高速，多業務，大資料量）

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【英文簡述】

     in general, the term network can refer to any interconnected group or system. several different types of networks exist, including:

    1. human networks[business network;entrepreneurial network;social network;economic network;old boy network; sexual network ]

    2. media

    radio network, create and distribute radio programming through multiple channels that connect in a network

    television network, create and distribute television programming through multiple   channels that connect in a network

    network (film), an academy award winning film from 1976

    nettwerk, a record label

    the network, a band

    network (comics), a name given to several marvel comics super heroes

    network (computer game), an economic simulation for the apple ii personal computer

    3. technology

    electrical network, a network of electrical components

    computer network, a network of computers

    computer networking, the scientific and engineering discipline concerned with this kind of network

    telecommunications network, a network of telecommunications links

    energy transmission and distribution networks

    electric power transmission network, a network of conduits for bulk transmission of electric power

    electricity distribution network, a network of conduits for delivery or short-haul transmission of electric power

    pipeline transport network, a network of pipes for transmission of gases, usually natural gas

    gas distribution network, a network of pipes for delivery of gases, usually natural gas or, formerly, town gas

    network systems system network, a system of combined networks of main systems

    4. science, mathematics, and engineering

    network theory, the applied mathematics counterpart of graph theory, especially in combinatorial optimization

    flow network, an assignment of flow to the edges of a directed graph where each edge has a capacity

    network (mathematics), a type of diagraph in graph theory

    neural network, an interconnected group of biological neurons

    artificial neural network, an interconnected group of artificial neurons

    5.other

    transport network, facilities on which people and goods move

    spatial network, urban networks or networks of rooms within buildings

    network effect, a characteristic that causes a good or service to have a value to a potential customer dependent on the number of customers already owning that good or     using that service

    network (catholic lobby), a national catholic social justice lobbying group based in washington, dc.