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Qt5官方demo解析集26——Extending QML - Grouped Properties Example

本系列所有文章可以在這裡檢視http://blog.csdn.net/cloud_castle/article/category/2123873

接上文Qt5官方demo解析集25——Extending QML - Methods Example

如果之前看過了我前面介紹粒子系統的朋友,應該對

velocity: AngleDirection {angleVariation: 360; magnitude: 80; magnitudeVariation: 40}  

這樣的屬性設定格式屢見不鮮了,它實際是将一個AngleDirection類型作為velocity的屬性值,這樣我們就可以通過設定AngleDirection的屬性值來達到對velocity更複雜的控制。

在這個例子中,Qt 向我們展示了一種更巧妙的做法 —— 直接使用AngleDirection的屬性。

可能你之前經常會使用到font.family: "Ubuntu" 或是 font.pixelSize: 24 ,實際上這裡的font 也是一個集合屬性。

還是先把我們的項目檔案介紹一下:

Qt5官方demo解析集26——Extending QML - Grouped Properties Example

兩個自定義的C++類:Person與BirthdayParty,資源檔案中是我們的QML檔案example.qml。

為了有一個直覺的印象,我們先來看看qml的實作:

example.qml:

import People 1.0
import QtQuick 2.0  // For QColor

// ![0]
BirthdayParty {
    host: Boy {
        name: "Bob Jones"
        shoe { size: 12; color: "white"; brand: "Bikey"; price: 90.0 }   // QML文法基礎保證冒号為一個指派運算
    }                                                                    // 而這個語句保證了屬性指派在大括号内部進行

    Boy {
        name: "Leo Hodges"
//![grouped]
        shoe { size: 10; color: "black"; brand: "Thebok"; price: 59.95 }
//![grouped]
    }
    // ![1]
    Boy {
        name: "Jack Smith"
        shoe {
            size: 8
            color: "blue"
            brand: "Luma"
            price: 19.95
        }
    }
    // ![1]
    Girl {
        name: "Anne Brown"
//![ungrouped]
        shoe.size: 7                                 // 大括号拆開來實際就變成這幾個單獨的語句
        shoe.color: "red"
        shoe.brand: "Job Macobs"
        shoe.price: 699.99
//![ungrouped]
    }
}
// ![0]
           

這種指派方法是如何實作的呢,來看C++的定義:

BirthdayParty提供了生日派對的架構,這個類沒有變化。birthdayparty.h:

#ifndef BIRTHDAYPARTY_H
#define BIRTHDAYPARTY_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QQmlListProperty>
#include "person.h"

class BirthdayParty : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(Person *host READ host WRITE setHost)
    Q_PROPERTY(QQmlListProperty<Person> guests READ guests)
    Q_CLASSINFO("DefaultProperty", "guests")
public:
    BirthdayParty(QObject *parent = 0);

    Person *host() const;
    void setHost(Person *);

    QQmlListProperty<Person> guests();
    int guestCount() const;
    Person *guest(int) const;

private:
    Person *m_host;
    QList<Person *> m_guests;
};
           

birthdayparty.cpp:

#include "birthdayparty.h"

BirthdayParty::BirthdayParty(QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent), m_host(0)
{
}

Person *BirthdayParty::host() const
{
    return m_host;
}

void BirthdayParty::setHost(Person *c)
{
    m_host = c;
}

QQmlListProperty<Person> BirthdayParty::guests()
{
    return QQmlListProperty<Person>(this, m_guests);
}

int BirthdayParty::guestCount() const
{
    return m_guests.count();
}

Person *BirthdayParty::guest(int index) const
{
    return m_guests.at(index);
}
           

接下來,Person檔案中定義了一個額外的類ShoeDescription用來為shoe屬性提供描述。

person.h:

#ifndef PERSON_H
#define PERSON_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QColor>

class ShoeDescription : public QObject            // 這個類的作用類似我們前面所說的AngleDirection,用這個自定義類型定義shoe屬性
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(int size READ size WRITE setSize)        // 内部定義了四種屬性:尺寸、顔色、品牌、價格
    Q_PROPERTY(QColor color READ color WRITE setColor)
    Q_PROPERTY(QString brand READ brand WRITE setBrand)
    Q_PROPERTY(qreal price READ price WRITE setPrice)
public:
    ShoeDescription(QObject *parent = 0);

    int size() const;
    void setSize(int);

    QColor color() const;
    void setColor(const QColor &);

    QString brand() const;
    void setBrand(const QString &);

    qreal price() const;
    void setPrice(qreal);
private:
    int m_size;
    QColor m_color;
    QString m_brand;
    qreal m_price;
};

class Person : public QObject                       // Person類定義
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PROPERTY(QString name READ name WRITE setName)
// ![1]
    Q_PROPERTY(ShoeDescription *shoe READ shoe)     // 将shoe屬性設定為隻讀,否則它需要被冒号指派
// ![1]
public:
    Person(QObject *parent = 0);

    QString name() const;
    void setName(const QString &);

    ShoeDescription *shoe();
private:
    QString m_name;
    ShoeDescription m_shoe;
};

class Boy : public Person
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    Boy(QObject * parent = 0);
};

class Girl : public Person
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    Girl(QObject * parent = 0);
};

#endif // PERSON_H
           

person.cpp:

#include "person.h"

ShoeDescription::ShoeDescription(QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent), m_size(0), m_price(0)
{
}

int ShoeDescription::size() const
{
    return m_size;
}

void ShoeDescription::setSize(int s)
{
    m_size = s;
}

QColor ShoeDescription::color() const
{
    return m_color;
}

void ShoeDescription::setColor(const QColor &c)
{
    m_color = c;
}

QString ShoeDescription::brand() const
{
    return m_brand;
}

void ShoeDescription::setBrand(const QString &b)
{
    m_brand = b;
}

qreal ShoeDescription::price() const
{
    return m_price;
}

void ShoeDescription::setPrice(qreal p)
{
    m_price = p;
}

Person::Person(QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent)
{
}

QString Person::name() const
{
    return m_name;
}

void Person::setName(const QString &n)
{
    m_name = n;
}

ShoeDescription *Person::shoe()
{
    return &m_shoe;
}


Boy::Boy(QObject * parent)
: Person(parent)
{
}


Girl::Girl(QObject * parent)
: Person(parent)
{
}
           

最後來看main.cpp:

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QQmlEngine>
#include <QQmlComponent>
#include <QDebug>
#include "birthdayparty.h"
#include "person.h"

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);

    qmlRegisterType<BirthdayParty>("People", 1,0, "BirthdayParty");
    qmlRegisterType<ShoeDescription>();                          // 注冊該類型,但不進行執行個體化,這與Person類相同
    qmlRegisterType<Person>();
    qmlRegisterType<Boy>("People", 1,0, "Boy");
    qmlRegisterType<Girl>("People", 1,0, "Girl");

    QQmlEngine engine;
    QQmlComponent component(&engine, QUrl("qrc:example.qml"));
    BirthdayParty *party = qobject_cast<BirthdayParty *>(component.create());

    if (party && party->host()) {
        qWarning() << party->host()->name() << "is having a birthday!";

        if (qobject_cast<Boy *>(party->host()))
            qWarning() << "He is inviting:";
        else
            qWarning() << "She is inviting:";

        Person *bestShoe = 0;
        for (int ii = 0; ii < party->guestCount(); ++ii) {       // 比較每個客人鞋子價格,得出誰穿着最好的鞋
            Person *guest = party->guest(ii);
            qWarning() << "   " << guest->name();

            if (!bestShoe || bestShoe->shoe()->price() < guest->shoe()->price())
                bestShoe = guest;
        }
        if (bestShoe)
            qWarning() << bestShoe->name() << "is wearing the best shoes!";

    } else {
        qWarning() << component.errors();
    }

    return 0;
}
           

運作效果:

Qt5官方demo解析集26——Extending QML - Grouped Properties Example

可以看到,要想實作類似

shoe { size: 12; color: "white"; brand: "Bikey"; price: 90.0 }      

這種“群屬性”的設定方法,我們隻需要設定shoe為隻讀就可以了,這樣QML編譯器就不會尋找shoe後面的冒号,進入大括号後的指派語句,實際上是對ShoeDescription屬性的指派。

那麼如果我們想要實作這種寫法

shoe: ShoeDescription { size: 12; color: "white"; brand: "Bikey"; price: 90.0 }      

該如何改動呢?

第一點是shoe屬性的聲明,它必須是可讀寫的:

Q_PROPERTY(ShoeDescription *shoe READ shoe WRITE setShoe) 

當然還有對應的setShoe()函數的實作。

第二點是在main.cpp中QML類型的注冊:

qmlRegisterType<ShoeDescription>("People", 1,0, "ShoeDescription");

這裡的ShoeDescription就需要被執行個體化了。

這樣就可以再次運作了。