遺傳算法(Genetic Algorithm)
1 原理
遺傳算法(Genetic Algorithm)是一類借鑒生物界的進化規律(适者生存,優勝劣汰遺傳機制)演化而來的随機化搜尋方法。它是由美國的J.Holland教授1975年首先提出,其主要特點是直接對結構對象進行操作,不存在求導和函數連續性的限定;具有内在的隐并行性和更好的全局尋優能力;采用機率化的尋優方法,能自動擷取和指導優化的搜尋空間,自适應地調整搜尋方向,不需要确定的規則。遺傳算法的這些性質,已被人們廣泛地應用于組合優化、機器學習、信号處理、自适應控制和人工生命等領域。它是現代有關智能計算中的關鍵技術之一。
遺傳算法是模拟達爾文的遺傳選擇和自然淘汰的生物進化過程的計算模型。它的思想源于生物遺傳學和适者生存的自然規律,是具有“生存+檢測”的疊代過程的搜尋算法。遺傳算法以一種群體中的所有個體為對象,并利用随機化技術指導對一個被編碼的參數空間進行高效搜尋。其中,選擇、交叉和變異構成了遺傳算法的遺傳操作;參數編碼、初始群體的設定、适應度函數的設計、遺傳操作設計、控制參數設定五個要素組成了遺傳算法的核心内容。 作為一種新的全局優化搜尋算法,遺傳算法以其簡單通用、魯棒性強、适于并行處理以及高效、實用等顯著特點,在各個領域得到了廣泛應用,取得了良好效果,并逐漸成為重要的智能算法之一。
遺傳算法的基本步驟 :
我們習慣上把Holland1975年提出的GA稱為傳統的GA。它的主要步驟如下:
編碼:GA在進行搜尋之前先将解空間的解資料表示成遺傳空間的基因型串結構資料,這些串結構資料的不同組合便構成了不同的點。
初始群體的生成:随機産生N個初始串結構資料,每個串結構資料稱為一個個體, N個個體構成了一個群體。GA以這N個串結構資料作為初始點開始疊代。
适應性值評估檢測:适應性函數表明個體或解的優劣性。不同的問題,适應性函數的定義方式也不同。
選擇:選擇的目的是為了從目前群體中選出優良的個體,使它們有機會作為父代為下一代繁殖子孫。遺傳算法通過選擇過程展現這一思想,進行選擇的原則是适應性強的個體為下一代貢獻一個或多個後代的機率大。選擇實作了達爾文的适者生存原則。
交換:交換操作是遺傳算法中最主要的遺傳操作。通過交換操作可以得到新一代個體,新個體組合了其父輩個體的特性。交換展現了資訊交換的思想。
變異:變異首先在群體中随機選擇一個個體,對于選中的個體以一定的機率随機地改變串結構資料中某個串的值。同生物界一樣,GA中變異發生的機率很低,通常取值在0.001~0.01之間。變異為新個體的産生提供了機會。
GA的計算過程為:
選擇編碼方式
産生初始群體
計算初始群體的适應性值
如果不滿足條件 {
選擇
交換
變異
計算新一代群體的适應性值
}
遺傳算法的特點:
遺傳算法作為一種快捷、簡便、容錯性強的算法,在各類結構對象的優化過程中顯示出明顯的優勢。與傳統的搜尋方法相比,遺傳算法具有如下特點:
搜尋過程不直接作用在變量上,而是在參數集進行了編碼的個體。此編碼操作, 使得遺傳算法可直接對結構對象(集合、序列、矩陣、樹、圖、鍊和表)進行操作。
搜尋過程是從一組解疊代到另一組解,采用同時處理群體中多個個體的方法,降 低了陷入局部最優解的可能性,并易于并行化。
采用機率的變遷規則來指導搜尋方向,而不采用确定性搜尋規則。
對搜尋空間沒有任何特殊要求(如連通性、凸性等),隻利用适應性資訊,不需要 導數等其它輔助資訊,适應範圍更廣。
2.執行個體
求函數-100*(x(1)^2-x(2))^2-(1-x(1))^2的最小值,兩個變量的取值範圍是from [-2.048;-2.048] to [2.048;2.048].
1)使用ga工具箱
X = ga(@(x) -100*(x(1)^2-x(2))^2-(1-x(1))^2,2,[],[],[],[],[-2.048;-2.048],[2.048;2.048])
2)未使用ga工具箱
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // Generic Algorithm for function f(x1,x2) optimum
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
clear all;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
close all;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // Parameters
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
Size = 80 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
G = 100 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
CodeL = 10 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
umax = 2.048 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
umin =- 2.048 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
E = round(rand(Size, 2 * CodeL)); % // Initial Code 産生初始群體
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // Main Program
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for k = 1 : 1 :G
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
time(k) = k;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // 選擇 % // 計算目标函數
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for s = 1 : 1 :Size % // 對每一行
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
m = E(s,:);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
y1 = 0 ;y2 = 0 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // Uncoding
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
m1 = m( 1 : 1 :CodeL);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for i = 1 : 1 :CodeL
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
y1 = y1 + m1(i) * 2 ^ (i - 1 );
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
x1 = (umax - umin) * y1 / 1023 + umin; % // 計算參數1
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
m2 = m(CodeL + 1 : 1 : 2 * CodeL);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for i = 1 : 1 :CodeL
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
y2 = y2 + m2(i) * 2 ^ (i - 1 );
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
x2 = (umax - umin) * y2 / 1023 + umin; % // 計算參數2
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
F(s) = 100 * (x1 ^ 2 - x2) ^ 2 + ( 1 - x1) ^ 2 ; % // 計算目标函數 ,F是向量
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
Ji = 1 . / F;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // ****** Step 1 : Evaluate BestJ ******
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
BestJ(k) = min(Ji); % // 找到F中最大的一項,儲存到向量BestJ
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
fi = F; % // Fitness Function
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
[Oderfi,Indexfi] = sort(fi); % // Arranging fi small to bigger
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
Bestfi = Oderfi(Size); % // Let Bestfi=max(fi)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
BestS = E(Indexfi(Size),:); % // Let BestS=E(m), m is the Indexfi belong to max(fi)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
bfi(k) = Bestfi;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // ****** Step 2 : Select and Reproduct Operation******選擇F較大的fi項
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
fi_sum = sum(fi);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
fi_Size = (Oderfi / fi_sum) * Size;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
fi_S = floor(fi_Size); % // Selecting Bigger fi value ,fi_S為80項的向量,每一項為0或1,1表示該項被選擇
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
kk = 1 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for i = 1 : 1 :Size
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for j = 1 : 1 :fi_S(i) % // Select and Reproduce
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
TempE(kk,:) = E(Indexfi(i),:);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
kk = kk + 1 ; % // kk is used to reproduce
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end % // 選擇完畢
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
fprintf( ' size TempE %//d\n ' ,size(TempE))
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // ************ Step 3 : Crossover Operation ************交換
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
pc = 0.60 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
n = ceil( 20 * rand);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for i = 1 : 2 :(Size - 1 )
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
temp = rand;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
if pc > temp % // Crossover Condition
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for j = n: 1 : 20
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
TempE(i,j) = E(i + 1 ,j);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
TempE(i + 1 ,j) = E(i,j);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
TempE(Size,:) = BestS;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
E = TempE;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
fprintf( ' size E %//d\n ' ,size(E))
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // pause
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // ************ Step 4: Mutation Operation **************
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // pm=0.001;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // pm=0.001-[1:1:Size]*(0.001)/Size; % // Bigger fi, smaller Pm
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // pm=0.0; % // No mutation
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
pm = 0.1 ; % // Big mutation
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for i = 1 : 1 :Size
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
for j = 1 : 1 : 2 * CodeL
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
temp = rand;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
if pm > temp % // Mutation Condition
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
if TempE(i,j) == 0
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
TempE(i,j) = 1 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
else
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
TempE(i,j) = 0 ;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
% // Guarantee TempPop(30,:) is the code belong to the best individual(max(fi))
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
TempE(Size,:) = BestS;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
E = TempE;
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
end
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
Max_Value = Bestfi
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
BestS
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
x1
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
x2
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
figure( 1 );
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
plot(time,BestJ);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
xlabel( ' Times ' );ylabel( ' Best J ' );
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
figure( 2 );
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
plot(time,bfi);
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/9ZDMuAjOiMmIsIjOiQnIsIiZpdmLl52bO9CXzJ3b0F2YpRmbJdmbp5WasRXdP9CXzV2Zh1WSvwVbvNmLzd2bsJmbj5yd3d3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
xlabel( ' times ' );ylabel( ' Best F ' );