本文是A Guide to the Agile Management Body of Knowledge(ABOK)一書的讀書筆記。
MARR: Minimal Accepted Rate of Return
discounted:已貼現的
Economic feasibility analysis:
1. Payback Analysis: 投資回收分析
[1] Create a time line
[2] 應用cash flow到每一個period
[3] 計算Payback
這種方法雖然簡單,但現金流不是貼現的。可以使用Discounted Payback方法來避免這個問題。
Payback Period = (Initial Investment / Net Annual Cash Flow)
投資回收期 = (期初投資/年淨現金流量)
例: Initial Investment=90,000.00
Cash Flow: yr1=10,000.00 yr2=20,000.00 yr3=20,000.00 yr4=50,000.00 yr5=30,000.00
Payback Period = Number of years before full recover + Un-recovered cost at the start of the year four / (Cash flow during the fourth year / 12)
= 3 + 40000 / (50000 / 12) = 3 years 10 months
2. Net Present Value(NPV):淨現值
[1] 找出每一筆現金流的Present Value(PV現值)。貼現現金流。
[2] 貼現現金流和期初投資的和就是NPV。
[3] 如果NPV大于或是等于0,可以考慮做此項目。
[4] 如果比較多個項目,則NPV較大的項目較可取。
3. Return On Investment(ROI):投資回報率
ROI = PV(B - O&M) / PV(O&M + Initial Investment)
ROI = (B - O&M) / Initial Investment
O&M: Operation and Maintenance(? 不知是不是這個意思)
B:Benefit效益(?不知道是不是這個意思)
4. Incremental Benefit/Cost Analysis 增量效益/成本分析
5. Cost Effectiveness Analysis成本效益分析
方法: Numerical and Non-Numerical Scoring Models(數值及非數值評分模型)
6. IRR Internal Rate of Return: 内部收益率
(PV) Cash Inflows - (PV) Cash Outflows = 0
NPV = 0