pytorch、opencv、dlib的安裝的多種方式~值得嘗試

1 安裝Pytorch

安裝pyTorch，首先需要考慮本機是否有GPU，如果有的話，需要安裝CUDA；然後在官網選擇相應的方式在指令行進行下載下傳。【下載下傳過程中注意版本】

1.1 GPU版本

1.1.1 檢視自己的電腦是否有NVIDIA GPU

如果筆記本中顯示卡是集顯Intel iris或者AMD的顯示卡，請轉至1.2下載下傳CPU版本。（原因很簡單，就是，深度學習的cuda加速器是英偉達NVIDIA公司的，其他公司沒有）

1.1.2 然後檢視本機的GPU版本。

在桌面任意空白處右擊，可以看到

NAVIDIA 控制台

，點選進去，點選右上角

幫助

，

管理資訊

，檢視

細節

中的

驅動程式版本

。如下圖所示，我的版本号是

451.91

。

1.1.3 前往NAVIDIA官網檢視需要下載下傳的

cuda

版本

在CUDA Driver檢視上一點的版本号所對應的cuda版本号，如下圖所示。

1.1.4 下載下傳cuda

然後去下載下傳相應版本的

cuda

，在cuda Toolkit archive找到自己對應的版本，點選進去。

然後選擇相應的系統，進行下載下傳。

1.1.5 下載下傳

cuDNN

網址。下載下傳cuDNN會比較麻煩，NAVIDIA會要求登入，賬号注冊完還是不容易下載下傳。在此借鑒yinghai444同學的方法，完美下載下傳。此處是cuDNN各版本的網址，界面如下圖所示，按照cuda版本選擇自己需要的版本。

我的版本對應的zip檔案連結在此。然而，還是需要注冊會員。我們可以直接将這個連結用xunlei下載下傳（第一次使用這個軟體下載下傳，沒有評論說的那麼限速，真香）

下載下傳完的檔案是這個樣子的：

1.1.6 安裝

cuda

之前參考的博文，說是cuda像是一般的軟體一樣，傻瓜式安裝就可。然而，我出現了種種問題。這一部分的操作參考自：win10下CUDA和CUDNN的安裝（超詳細）！親測有效！

首先，輕按兩下上圖的

.exe

檔案，出現以下界面：

這是臨時檔案（我的版本解壓後占5.22G記憶體），是以暫時存放在C槽待安裝完成也會自動删除，然而習慣放D盤，在D盤建立一個空檔案夾，将上面路徑換到該檔案夾下。OK，等待安裝。

然後選擇自定義安裝（一開始我選擇精簡安裝，然後有個包安裝失敗導緻全部失敗，而那個包還是用不到的）按照别人的常用推薦，選擇了四項。

然後修改安裝位置，其中

CUDA Documentation

和

CUDA Development

檔案位置一緻，加上

Samples

的路徑即可，預設路徑如下，最好更改到非系統盤。我的更改，前兩項安裝到

D:\ProgramFiles\NVIDIA\GPU Computing Toolkit

，

Samples

安裝到

D:\ProgramFiles\NVIDIA\CUDA Samples

中。

然後，将之前下載下傳的

cuDNN

解壓，将其中的

bin

和

lib

檔案夾放入

CUDA

的檔案夾中，然後修改環境變量。下圖中

CUDA_PATH

和

CUDA_PATH_V_0

是安裝完成系統自動寫入的路徑，其餘路徑按如下格式寫入即可。

然後在path中新增幾個路徑：

1.1.7 cuda安裝成功–測試

配置完環境變量就完成了，現在試一下是否成功。

首先win+R啟動cmd，cd到安裝目錄下的 …\extras\demo_suite,然後分别執行bandwidthTest.exe和deviceQuery.exe，如果以上兩步都傳回了Result=PASS，那麼就算成功啦。

OR，你可以在指令行視窗輸入

nvcc -V

，出現以下結果也表示成功！

(base) C:\Users\lenovo>nvcc -V
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Wed_Jul_22_19:09:35_Pacific_Daylight_Time_2020
Cuda compilation tools, release 11.0, V11.0.221
Build cuda_11.0_bu.relgpu_drvr445TC445_37.28845127_0
           

1.1.8 pytorch安裝

基本安裝方式，官網，指令直接招呼，當然需要網絡情況良好。

【1】系統指令安裝。

按照自己的系統版本選擇，

Package

可選

Conda

和

pip

兩種方式，語言一般都用

Python

，

CUDA

版本按照上面的版本，然後蝦米那生成一條指令，直接在指令行視窗執行即可。本條指令中，我不需要

torchaudio

，去掉。其中

-c

表示用官網下載下傳，如果更換了其他下載下傳源，需要将這個也删掉。我用的指令：

conda install pytorch torchvision cudatoolkit=11.0 pytorch

OR

pip install torch===1.7.1+cu110 torchvision===0.8.2+cu110 https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html

【2】使用清華源–Anaconda 鏡像使用幫助下載下傳。

conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
           

執行以上指令，生成

.condarc

檔案，位置：C槽下使用者，目前使用者檔案夾下。然後将其内容改為以下:

channels:
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: true
channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
           

然後就可以使用上面的指令去安裝了，記得要删除

-c

【3】直接下載下傳鏡像檔案進行安裝，

bz2

檔案

win64的pytorch各版本的鏡像在此，進去選擇自己對應的版本進行下載下傳，我安裝了比較新的版本。

然後用conda進行下載下傳，指令是

conda install 檔案安裝的位置\檔案名

，這個方法我失敗了，大家上面兩種不成功的可以試試。

【4】使用whl檔案安裝

進入pytorch下載下傳相應的whl檔案，直接安裝輪子wheel

指令：

pip install XXX.whl

【5】用anaconda界面直接下載下傳

當然這隻是一種好看的下載下傳方式，如果上面四種都不行的話，這樣子一般也是下載下傳不了的。

1.2 CPU版本

1.2.1 conda安裝

我原來的系統是64位Windows系統，沒有GPU，已經安裝了anaconda（anaconda中安裝太慢，或出錯），是以可以選擇Conda和pip兩種方式，複制生成的command，在指令行運作即可。

conda install pytorch torchvision cpuonly

，沒有GPU，是以将其指令最後的

cuda

改為

cpuonly

。

安裝過程中報過的錯：

C:\Users\Administrator>conda install pytorch torchvision cpuonly
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
【Solving environment: failed with current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.】
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed

PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:

  - cpuonly
  - torchvision

Current channels:

  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch

To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
looking for, navigate to

    https://anaconda.org

and use the search bar at the top of the page.
           

1.2.2 pip安裝

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install torch==1.7.0+cpu torchvision==0.8.1+cpu torchaudio===0.7.0 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
Looking in links: https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
Collecting torch==1.7.0+cpu
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu/torch-1.7.0%2Bcpu-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (184.2MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 184.2MB 111kB/s
Collecting torchvision==0.8.1+cpu
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu/torchvision-0.8.1%2Bcpu-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (808kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 808kB 3.2MB/s
Collecting torchaudio===0.7.0
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torchaudio-0.7.0-cp37-none-win_amd64.whl (103kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 6.8MB/s
Collecting dataclasses (from torch==1.7.0+cpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/26/2f/1095cdc2868052dd1e64520f7c0d5c8c550ad297e944e641dbf1ffbb9a5d/dataclasses-0.6-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\anaco\lib\site-packages (from torch==1.7.0+cpu) (1.16.4)
Collecting typing-extensions (from torch==1.7.0+cpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/7a/e881b5abb54db0e6e671ab088d079c57ce54e8a01a3ca443f561ccadb37e/typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: future in d:\anaco\lib\site-packages (from torch==1.7.0+cpu) (0.17.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=4.1.1 in d:\anaco\lib\site-packages (from torchvision==0.8.1+cpu) (6.1.0)
Installing collected packages: dataclasses, typing-extensions, torch, torchvision, torchaudio
Successfully installed dataclasses-0.6 torch-1.7.0+cpu torchaudio-0.7.0 torchvision-0.8.1+cpu typing-extensions-3.7.4.3

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr 24 2019, 15:29:51) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32

Warning:
This Python interpreter is in a conda environment, but the environment has
not been activated.  Libraries may fail to load.  To activate this environment
please see https://conda.io/activation

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import torch
>>> import torchvision
           

想要檢視

pip

安裝的檔案位置，指令行再次輸入

pip install pytorch

即可知道位置

安裝過程中下載下傳的各種檔案bz2和whl方式都失敗了，哎~

2 OpenCV的安裝

指令行直接輸入：

pip install opencv-python

即可

參考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_35684521/article/details/81953047

3 dlib安裝

可以用

pip

或者

conda

來安裝，其對應指令：

pip install dlib

或者

conda install -c menpo dlib=18.18

或者直接下載下傳

whl

檔案，需要注意要與

python

版本相對應。

安裝成功，并在指令行測試可以使用，但是pycharm仍不能導入的原因：

第一種方式出現的錯誤：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install dlib
Collecting dlib
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a4/7b/2f7f29f460629a8143b2deea1911e2fb1d9d88d29bf645ba321461588e88/dlib-19.21.0.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: dlib
  Building wheel for dlib (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Complete output from command 'D:\anaco\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mnnw0u32\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-li1ra7jv' --python-tag cp37:
  ERROR: running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  package init file 'tools\python\dlib\__init__.py' not found (or not a regular file)
  running build_ext
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 120, in get_cmake_version
      out = subprocess.check_output(['cmake', '--version'])
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 395, in check_output
      **kwargs).stdout
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 472, in run
      with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 775, in __init__
      restore_signals, start_new_session)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 1178, in _execute_child
      startupinfo)
  FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系統找不到指定的檔案。

  During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 262, in <module>
      'Topic :: Software Development',
    File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 145, in setup
      return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
      dist.run_commands()
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
      self.run_command(cmd)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\wheel\bdist_wheel.py", line 192, in run
      self.run_command('build')
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
      self.run_command(cmd_name)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 129, in run
      cmake_version = self.get_cmake_version()
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 125, in get_cmake_version
      "\n*******************************************************************\n")
  RuntimeError:
  *******************************************************************
   CMake must be installed to build the following extensions: _dlib_pybind11
  *******************************************************************

  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib
  Running setup.py clean for dlib
Failed to build dlib
Installing collected packages: dlib
  Running setup.py install for dlib ... error
    ERROR: Complete output from command 'D:\anaco\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mnnw0u32\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-bk7xkgd2\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    ERROR: running install
    running build
    running build_py
    package init file 'tools\python\dlib\__init__.py' not found (or not a regular file)
    running build_ext
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 120, in get_cmake_version
        out = subprocess.check_output(['cmake', '--version'])
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 395, in check_output
        **kwargs).stdout
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 472, in run
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 775, in __init__
        restore_signals, start_new_session)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 1178, in _execute_child
        startupinfo)
    FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系統找不到指定的檔案。

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 262, in <module>
        'Topic :: Software Development',
      File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 145, in setup
        return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 61, in run
        return orig.install.run(self)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\command\install.py", line 545, in run
        self.run_command('build')
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
        self.run_command(cmd_name)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 129, in run
        cmake_version = self.get_cmake_version()
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 125, in get_cmake_version
        "\n*******************************************************************\n")
    RuntimeError:
    *******************************************************************
     CMake must be installed to build the following extensions: _dlib_pybind11
    *******************************************************************

    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "'D:\anaco\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mnnw0u32\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-bk7xkgd2\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\
           

第三種方式成功安裝(注意版本對應)：

C:\Users\Administrator>python -V
Python 3.7.3

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install dlib-19.17.99-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Processing c:\users\administrator\dlib-19.17.99-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: dlib
Successfully installed dlib-19.17.99

C:\Users\Administrator>pip show dlib
Name: dlib
Version: 19.17.99
Summary: A toolkit for making real world machine learning and data analysis applications
Home-page: https://github.com/davisking/dlib
Author: Davis King
Author-email: [email protected]
License: Boost Software License
Location: d:\anaco\lib\site-packages
Requires:
Required-by:

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr 24 2019, 15:29:51) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32

Warning:
This Python interpreter is in a conda environment, but the environment has
not been activated.  Libraries may fail to load.  To activate this environment
please see https://conda.io/activation

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import dlib