pytorch、opencv、dlib的安装的多种方式~值得尝试

1 安装Pytorch

安装pyTorch，首先需要考虑本机是否有GPU，如果有的话，需要安装CUDA；然后在官网选择相应的方式在命令行进行下载。【下载过程中注意版本】

1.1 GPU版本

1.1.1 查看自己的电脑是否有NVIDIA GPU

如果笔记本中显卡是集显Intel iris或者AMD的显卡，请转至1.2下载CPU版本。（原因很简单，就是，深度学习的cuda加速器是英伟达NVIDIA公司的，其他公司没有）

1.1.2 然后查看本机的GPU版本。

在桌面任意空白处右击，可以看到

NAVIDIA 控制面板

，点击进去，点击右上角

帮助

，

管理信息

，查看

细节

中的

驱动程序版本

。如下图所示，我的版本号是

451.91

。

1.1.3 前往NAVIDIA官网查看需要下载的

cuda

版本

在CUDA Driver查看上一点的版本号所对应的cuda版本号，如下图所示。

1.1.4 下载cuda

然后去下载相应版本的

cuda

，在cuda Toolkit archive找到自己对应的版本，点击进去。

然后选择相应的系统，进行下载。

1.1.5 下载

cuDNN

网址。下载cuDNN会比较麻烦，NAVIDIA会要求登录，账号注册完还是不容易下载。在此借鉴yinghai444同学的方法，完美下载。此处是cuDNN各版本的网址，界面如下图所示，按照cuda版本选择自己需要的版本。

我的版本对应的zip文件链接在此。然而，还是需要注册会员。我们可以直接将这个链接用xunlei下载（第一次使用这个软件下载，没有评论说的那么限速，真香）

下载完的文件是这个样子的：

1.1.6 安装

cuda

之前参考的博文，说是cuda像是一般的软件一样，傻瓜式安装就可。然而，我出现了种种问题。这一部分的操作参考自：win10下CUDA和CUDNN的安装（超详细）！亲测有效！

首先，双击上图的

.exe

文件，出现以下界面：

这是临时文件（我的版本解压后占5.22G内存），所以暂时存放在C盘待安装完成也会自动删除，然而习惯放D盘，在D盘新建一个空文件夹，将上面路径换到该文件夹下。OK，等待安装。

然后选择自定义安装（一开始我选择精简安装，然后有个包安装失败导致全部失败，而那个包还是用不到的）按照别人的常用推荐，选择了四项。

然后修改安装位置，其中

CUDA Documentation

和

CUDA Development

文件位置一致，加上

Samples

的路径即可，默认路径如下，最好更改到非系统盘。我的更改，前两项安装到

D:\ProgramFiles\NVIDIA\GPU Computing Toolkit

，

Samples

安装到

D:\ProgramFiles\NVIDIA\CUDA Samples

中。

然后，将之前下载的

cuDNN

解压，将其中的

bin

和

lib

文件夹放入

CUDA

的文件夹中，然后修改环境变量。下图中

CUDA_PATH

和

CUDA_PATH_V_0

是安装完成系统自动写入的路径，其余路径按如下格式写入即可。

然后在path中新增几个路径：

1.1.7 cuda安装成功–测试

配置完环境变量就完成了，现在试一下是否成功。

首先win+R启动cmd，cd到安装目录下的 …\extras\demo_suite,然后分别执行bandwidthTest.exe和deviceQuery.exe，如果以上两步都返回了Result=PASS，那么就算成功啦。

OR，你可以在命令行窗口输入

nvcc -V

，出现以下结果也表示成功！

(base) C:\Users\lenovo>nvcc -V
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2020 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Wed_Jul_22_19:09:35_Pacific_Daylight_Time_2020
Cuda compilation tools, release 11.0, V11.0.221
Build cuda_11.0_bu.relgpu_drvr445TC445_37.28845127_0
           

1.1.8 pytorch安装

基本安装方式，官网，命令直接招呼，当然需要网络情况良好。

【1】系统命令安装。

按照自己的系统版本选择，

Package

可选

Conda

和

pip

两种方式，语言一般都用

Python

，

CUDA

版本按照上面的版本，然后虾米那生成一条命令，直接在命令行窗口执行即可。本条命令中，我不需要

torchaudio

，去掉。其中

-c

表示用官网下载，如果更换了其他下载源，需要将这个也删掉。我用的命令：

conda install pytorch torchvision cudatoolkit=11.0 pytorch

OR

pip install torch===1.7.1+cu110 torchvision===0.8.2+cu110 https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html

【2】使用清华源–Anaconda 镜像使用帮助下载。

conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
           

执行以上命令，生成

.condarc

文件，位置：C盘下用户，当前用户文件夹下。然后将其内容改为以下:

channels:
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: true
channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
           

然后就可以使用上面的命令去安装了，记得要删除

-c

【3】直接下载镜像文件进行安装，

bz2

文件

win64的pytorch各版本的镜像在此，进去选择自己对应的版本进行下载，我安装了比较新的版本。

然后用conda进行下载，命令是

conda install 文件安装的位置\文件名

，这个方法我失败了，大家上面两种不成功的可以试试。

【4】使用whl文件安装

进入pytorch下载相应的whl文件，直接安装轮子wheel

命令：

pip install XXX.whl

【5】用anaconda界面直接下载

当然这只是一种好看的下载方式，如果上面四种都不行的话，这样子一般也是下载不了的。

1.2 CPU版本

1.2.1 conda安装

我原来的系统是64位Windows系统，没有GPU，已经安装了anaconda（anaconda中安装太慢，或出错），所以可以选择Conda和pip两种方式，复制生成的command，在命令行运行即可。

conda install pytorch torchvision cpuonly

，没有GPU，所以将其命令最后的

cuda

改为

cpuonly

。

安装过程中报过的错：

C:\Users\Administrator>conda install pytorch torchvision cpuonly
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
【Solving environment: failed with current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.】
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed

PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:

  - cpuonly
  - torchvision

Current channels:

  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch

To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
looking for, navigate to

    https://anaconda.org

and use the search bar at the top of the page.
           

1.2.2 pip安装

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install torch==1.7.0+cpu torchvision==0.8.1+cpu torchaudio===0.7.0 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
Looking in links: https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
Collecting torch==1.7.0+cpu
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu/torch-1.7.0%2Bcpu-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (184.2MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 184.2MB 111kB/s
Collecting torchvision==0.8.1+cpu
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu/torchvision-0.8.1%2Bcpu-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (808kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 808kB 3.2MB/s
Collecting torchaudio===0.7.0
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torchaudio-0.7.0-cp37-none-win_amd64.whl (103kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 6.8MB/s
Collecting dataclasses (from torch==1.7.0+cpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/26/2f/1095cdc2868052dd1e64520f7c0d5c8c550ad297e944e641dbf1ffbb9a5d/dataclasses-0.6-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in d:\anaco\lib\site-packages (from torch==1.7.0+cpu) (1.16.4)
Collecting typing-extensions (from torch==1.7.0+cpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/7a/e881b5abb54db0e6e671ab088d079c57ce54e8a01a3ca443f561ccadb37e/typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: future in d:\anaco\lib\site-packages (from torch==1.7.0+cpu) (0.17.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=4.1.1 in d:\anaco\lib\site-packages (from torchvision==0.8.1+cpu) (6.1.0)
Installing collected packages: dataclasses, typing-extensions, torch, torchvision, torchaudio
Successfully installed dataclasses-0.6 torch-1.7.0+cpu torchaudio-0.7.0 torchvision-0.8.1+cpu typing-extensions-3.7.4.3

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr 24 2019, 15:29:51) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32

Warning:
This Python interpreter is in a conda environment, but the environment has
not been activated.  Libraries may fail to load.  To activate this environment
please see https://conda.io/activation

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import torch
>>> import torchvision
           

想要查看

pip

安装的文件位置，命令行再次输入

pip install pytorch

即可知道位置

安装过程中下载的各种文件bz2和whl方式都失败了，哎~

2 OpenCV的安装

命令行直接输入：

pip install opencv-python

即可

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_35684521/article/details/81953047

3 dlib安装

可以用

pip

或者

conda

来安装，其对应命令：

pip install dlib

或者

conda install -c menpo dlib=18.18

或者直接下载

whl

文件，需要注意要与

python

版本相对应。

安装成功，并在命令行测试可以使用，但是pycharm仍不能导入的原因：

第一种方式出现的错误：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install dlib
Collecting dlib
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a4/7b/2f7f29f460629a8143b2deea1911e2fb1d9d88d29bf645ba321461588e88/dlib-19.21.0.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: dlib
  Building wheel for dlib (setup.py) ... error
  ERROR: Complete output from command 'D:\anaco\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mnnw0u32\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-li1ra7jv' --python-tag cp37:
  ERROR: running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  package init file 'tools\python\dlib\__init__.py' not found (or not a regular file)
  running build_ext
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 120, in get_cmake_version
      out = subprocess.check_output(['cmake', '--version'])
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 395, in check_output
      **kwargs).stdout
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 472, in run
      with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 775, in __init__
      restore_signals, start_new_session)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 1178, in _execute_child
      startupinfo)
  FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。

  During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 262, in <module>
      'Topic :: Software Development',
    File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 145, in setup
      return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
      dist.run_commands()
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
      self.run_command(cmd)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\wheel\bdist_wheel.py", line 192, in run
      self.run_command('build')
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
      self.run_command(cmd_name)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 129, in run
      cmake_version = self.get_cmake_version()
    File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 125, in get_cmake_version
      "\n*******************************************************************\n")
  RuntimeError:
  *******************************************************************
   CMake must be installed to build the following extensions: _dlib_pybind11
  *******************************************************************

  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for dlib
  Running setup.py clean for dlib
Failed to build dlib
Installing collected packages: dlib
  Running setup.py install for dlib ... error
    ERROR: Complete output from command 'D:\anaco\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mnnw0u32\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-bk7xkgd2\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    ERROR: running install
    running build
    running build_py
    package init file 'tools\python\dlib\__init__.py' not found (or not a regular file)
    running build_ext
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 120, in get_cmake_version
        out = subprocess.check_output(['cmake', '--version'])
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 395, in check_output
        **kwargs).stdout
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 472, in run
        with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 775, in __init__
        restore_signals, start_new_session)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\subprocess.py", line 1178, in _execute_child
        startupinfo)
    FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 262, in <module>
        'Topic :: Software Development',
      File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 145, in setup
        return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 966, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "D:\anaco\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 61, in run
        return orig.install.run(self)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\command\install.py", line 545, in run
        self.run_command('build')
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
        self.run_command(cmd_name)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "D:\anaco\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 985, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 129, in run
        cmake_version = self.get_cmake_version()
      File "C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\setup.py", line 125, in get_cmake_version
        "\n*******************************************************************\n")
    RuntimeError:
    *******************************************************************
     CMake must be installed to build the following extensions: _dlib_pybind11
    *******************************************************************

    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "'D:\anaco\python.exe' -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mnnw0u32\\dlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-bk7xkgd2\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mnnw0u32\dlib\
           

第三种方式成功安装(注意版本对应)：

C:\Users\Administrator>python -V
Python 3.7.3

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install dlib-19.17.99-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Processing c:\users\administrator\dlib-19.17.99-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: dlib
Successfully installed dlib-19.17.99

C:\Users\Administrator>pip show dlib
Name: dlib
Version: 19.17.99
Summary: A toolkit for making real world machine learning and data analysis applications
Home-page: https://github.com/davisking/dlib
Author: Davis King
Author-email: [email protected]
License: Boost Software License
Location: d:\anaco\lib\site-packages
Requires:
Required-by:

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr 24 2019, 15:29:51) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32

Warning:
This Python interpreter is in a conda environment, but the environment has
not been activated.  Libraries may fail to load.  To activate this environment
please see https://conda.io/activation

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import dlib