一個國家的移民水準有很大一部分說明了國家的富有程度，可是有一些國家雖然國家整體并不富裕，可是移民海外的群體很多，甚至許多都是移民到了富有的美國，越南就是這樣的國家。越南整個國家目前的經濟發展比較落後，越南國内有9500萬左右的人口，可是生活在美國的越南人高達200萬，占亞裔美國人很大比例。在美版知乎Quora上，越南網友提問道：為什麼看起來每個越南人都想移居西方？這引起各國網友的關注和熱議，我們看看他們的觀點。
問題
越南網友的回答
If you travel to Vietnam, I'm sure you can't see both good and bad aspects. Although I really appreciate that you would politely say Vietnam is OK, "not so bad", in order to answer this question, I may have to tell you how bad Vietnam is.
如果你去越南旅行，是以我敢肯定你看不全好的和壞的方面。雖然我真的很感激你會客套說越南還可以，“沒有那麼糟糕”，但為了回答這個問題，我可能不得不告訴你越南有多糟糕。
How do you think it can be "bad" enough to make people want to emigrate? Political issues? environmental problems? Social welfare issues? Vietnam has all these problems.
你會想怎麼能“壞”到足以讓人想移民？政治問題？環境問題？社會福利問題？這些問題越南都有。
Listen, we love our country. Speaking of the country, I mean what nature has given us: land, oceans, atmosphere, natural resources and beautiful scenery. We like many aspects of culture (although some are conventional and backward). We love our language, we like our food very much, and most importantly, we love our family here, and we love Vietnam.
聽着，我們愛我們的國家。說到國家，我指的是大自然賦予我們的東西：土地、海洋、大氣、自然資源和美麗的風景。我們喜歡文化的許多方面（雖然有些是俗套而落後的）。我們熱愛我們的語言，我們非常喜歡我們的美食，最重要的是，我們愛這裡的家人，我們熱愛越南。
However, we may want to leave. Even those who have not planned yet will occasionally have such thoughts. Many people will go abroad to live as soon as they have a chance. Why?
然而，我們可能想離開。即使是那些還沒有計劃好的人，偶爾也會有這樣的想法。許多人會一有機會就跑到國外生活，為什麼會這樣？
Because the environment here, whether natural or political, is not suitable for living. People do not trust the authorities. The corruption rate is the worst in the world. The bad infrastructure is not because they do not have money to improve it (investment such as ODA is huge), but because politicians have been stealing money into their own pockets and the use of investment is inefficient. Now, the environmental problem has appeared again. The biggest scandal in the environmental field happened recently: a steel factory named FORMOSA admitted that it threw tons of toxic waste into land and water, causing the death of a large number of fish.
因為這裡的環境，無論是自然環境還是政治環境，都不适合居住。人們不信任當局，腐敗率是世界上最差的，糟糕的基礎設施，并不是因為他們沒有錢來改善它（像官方發展援助這樣的投資是巨大的），而是政客們一直把錢偷到自己的口袋裡，而且投資的使用效率很低。現在，環境問題又出現了，環境方面最大的醜聞發生在最近：一家名為FORMOSA的鋼鐵廠承認向陸地和水中投擲了數噸有毒廢物，導緻大量魚類死亡。
It is estimated that the toxic waste discharged into the sea by FORMOSA will damage the entire coastal ecosystem, which will take several years to recover. In addition, it is reported that fish in the sea area have been poisoned, so if we eat them, they will be poisoned. We never know whether our food is healthy. I don't think I need to tell you how serious the problems of water pollution and air pollution caused by industrialization are. Due to the extensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, most of the food we eat is considered to be toxic to some extent.
據估計，FORMOSA排放到海洋中的有毒廢物會破壞海岸的整個生态系統，需要數年才能恢複。此外，據報道，該海域的魚類已經中毒，是以如果我們食用，就會中毒。我們永遠不知道我們的食物是否健康。我想我不需要告訴你工業化帶來的水污染和空氣污染問題有多嚴重。由于農業中大量使用化肥，我們吃的大多數食物在某種程度上被認為是有毒的。
For most people, health care is expensive and corruption is pervasive. (The rich and officials enjoy the preferential access to medical resources, and this kind of corruption can be seen everywhere.).
對大多數人來說，醫療費用昂貴，腐敗無處不在。（富豪和官員享有醫療資源優先享用權，這種腐敗随處可見）。
If you live in Vietnam just to enjoy life, it's still good. But when problems occur, such as when you are sick or in legal trouble, you will see problems. It seems that young people can hardly see the future.
如果你住在越南隻是為了享受生活，那還是很不錯的。但當問題發生時，比如你生病了，或者遇到了法律麻煩，你會看到問題，年輕人似乎很難看到未來。
I'm not saying it's right or wrong to want to escape this country. Of course, Vietnam is not all bad, just as the West is not all good. But people do have reasons. Regardless of their cynicism, it is still reasonable that this country urgently needs change.
我并不是說想要逃離這個國家是對還是錯。當然，越南也不全是壞的，就像西方也不全好一樣。但人們确實有理由。不管是他們憤世嫉俗，這還是有道理的，這個國家迫切需要變革。
越南網友的回答
Because living in Vietnam is like living in an abused family, dominated by manipulative, selfish and stupid politicians. Imagine if your father pesters you every day, earns little money, and uses your hard earned money to buy wine. He scolds you and says:
因為生活在越南就像生活在一個被虐待的家庭裡，被操縱欲強的、自私的和愚蠢的政客支配。想象一下，如果你的父親每天都纏着你，掙的錢很少，還用你辛苦掙來的錢來買酒，一邊痛斥你，一邊說：
_ I do this because I love you and everything I do is for you.
_我這樣做是因為我愛你，我所做的一切都是為了你。
When you fight back, they will say:
當你反擊時，他們會說：
_ It is your responsibility to love your family, and family comes first.
_愛你的家人是你的責任，家庭是第一位的。
They hold all power and capital. They use this advantage for their own benefit, while ordinary people suffer.
他們掌握着一切權力和資本。他們利用這一優勢為自己謀取利益，而普通人卻在受苦。
I can live in a polluted environment.
我可以生活在污染的環境中。
I can live in a poor country.
我可以住在一個貧窮的國家。
I can live in a community with low education.
我可以住在一個低學曆的社群。
I love my family, my people and my community. Many people do. We live as a whole, and we Vietnamese people do not advocate individualism like the western people. We live as a community and care about each other. It is painful to leave your community or your family to live in a foreign land.
我愛我的家人，我的人民，我的社群。很多人都這樣。我們作為一個整體生活，我們越南人民不像西方人民那樣崇尚個人主義。我們作為一個社群生活，彼此關心。離開你的社群或你的家人去異鄉定居是很痛苦的。
As long as the government is willing to solve problems and truly cares about the people, the people will stay.
隻要政府願意解決問題，真正關心人民，人民就會留下來。
But they didn't. They only care about their so-called lofty ideals.
但他們沒有。他們隻關心自己所謂崇高的理想。
That's why many people want to leave. We cannot live with a government that is insane, morally corrupt and selfish. Those who still have hope for this country are:
這就是為什麼很多人想離開。我們不能與一個精神錯亂、道德敗壞和自私的政府生活在一起。對這個國家還抱有希望的人是：
-Ignorance, do not know the pain of others.
-無知，不知道他人的痛苦。
-Benefit from a corrupted system.
-從腐壞的系統中獲益。
-Still believe that they can help improve and develop society (like me).
-仍然相信他們可以幫助改善和發展社會（就像我一樣）。
越南網友的回答
This question reminds me of my dating life not long ago. You know? I have a crush on a girl, and she knows I like her. Unfortunately, I'm not very good at talking with girls, so no matter what I do, she doesn't give me any response. In the end, we parted ways and embarked on a different path.
這個問題讓我想起了不久前的約會生活。你知道的？我暗戀一個女孩，她也知道我喜歡她。不幸的是，我不太擅長與女孩交談，是以無論我做什麼，她都沒有給我任何回應。最終，我們分道揚镳，走上了不同的道路。
In retrospect, if she chose me, she may make me a very happy person, but at the same time she may question this choice for the rest of her life, so it will affect our relationship and make our future life worse. On the contrary, it may be the best thing in our relationship that she chose to leave me, because I didn't have the courage to leave her, which destroyed my life in the process.
現在回想起來，如果她選擇了我，她可能會讓我成為一個非常幸福的人，但同時她可能會在餘生中質疑這個選擇，是以這會影響我們的關系，使我們以後的生活變得更糟。相反，她選擇離開我可能是我們關系中最好的事情，因為我沒有勇氣離開她，在這個過程中毀了我的生活。
I feel the same way about immigration. Whether at home or abroad, there are a group of people who do not want Vietnam to move forward. No matter what the government does, they will not change their minds. For them, the biggest enemy is the Vietnamese government. These people all want to escape the country as soon as possible. Fortunately, since the early 1990s, they have been free to leave the country, either through an orderly departure plan (for partners of the South Vietnamese government) or through the student road.
回到移民的問題，我有同樣的感覺。無論是國内還是海外，都有一群人不希望越南向前發展，無論政府做什麼，他們都不會改變主意。對他們來說，最大的敵人是越南政府。這些人都想盡快逃離這個國家。幸運的是，從20世紀90年代初開始，無論是通過有序離境計劃（針對南越政府的合作者）還是學生道路，他們都可以自由離開該國。
For example, after the recent Trinh Hsuan Thanh incident, until now, Vietnamese organizations in Germany have still sent letters to the German government asking for an embargo on Vietnamese, which will indirectly affect me and my family, as well as all the people of Vietnam. I think if they really want freedom and democracy in Vietnam, they will not do so.
例如，最近在Trinh Hsuan Thanh事件發生後，直到現在，在德國仍有越南裔組織緻函德國政府，要求對越南人實施禁運，這将間接影響到我和我的家人，以及越南的全體人民。我想，如果他們真正想要的是越南的自由和民主，他們不會這麼做。
Let's look at the real reason behind the move: people want to live in a better place.
讓我們來看看搬家背後的真正原因：人們希望生活在一個更好的地方。
Not only Vietnam, but also a large number of people want to immigrate to the United States every year. According to the data of the Institute of Immigration Policy, 41.3 million people currently living in the United States are immigrants, 48% of whom report that their race is white, 26% are Asian (possibly in the Indian and Chinese circles), 9% are black, and 15% are of other races. Even Elon Musk was an immigrant. There are rumors that Arnold Schwarzenegger is an illegal immigrant.
不僅是越南，每年都有大批人想移居美國。根據移民政策研究所的資料，目前居住在美國的4130萬人是移民，其中48%的人報告他們的種族是白人，26%的人是亞裔（可能在印度圈和華人圈屬于這一類），9%的人是黑人，15%的人是其他種族。甚至埃隆·馬斯克也是移民。有傳言稱阿諾德·施瓦辛格是非法移民。
It is reported that in Europe, there are 32.5 million foreigners in the 27 EU countries, equivalent to 6.5% of the total population. Most of them, i.e. 20.2 million, are nationals of third countries (i.e. citizens of non EU countries), while the remaining 12.3 million are citizens of another member state.
據報道，在歐洲，歐盟27國有3250萬外國人，相當于總人口的6.5%。其中大多數，即2020萬，是第三國國民（即非歐盟國家的公民），其餘1230萬是另一個成員國的公民。
When asked why they want to leave Vietnam, one of the reasons I always hear people talk about is that they don't want to live in a country with corrupt officials, traffic chaos and environmental pollution. Their reason may be true, but I doubt that the reason is just an excuse. When Vietnam becomes a middle-income country, people will come back in droves, just like China.
當被問及為什麼要離開越南時，我總是聽到人們談論的一個原因是，他們不想生活在一個官員腐敗、交通混亂、環境污染的國家。他們的理由可能是真的，但我懷疑，原因隻是一個借口，當越南成為高中等收入國家時，人們會成群結隊地回來，就像中國一樣。
From my point of view, as a law-abiding citizen, I always receive worse treatment than those who oppose the Vietnamese government, and still have milk for my children.
從我的觀點來看，作為一個守法的公民，我總是比那些反對越南政府的人受到的待遇更差，還是會叫的孩子有奶吃。
越南網友的回答
People in every country want to move. However, now more and more people are able to do this, which is becoming more and more popular in Vietnam. They either have money or the skills they need to survive in a foreign environment. In other words, they are the upper class of Vietnam. I can think of the reasons why some wealthier people want to move out:
每個國家都有人想搬走。然而，現在越來越多的人有能力這樣做，這在越南越來越流行。他們要麼有錢，要麼有在外國環境中生存所需的技能。換句話說，他們是越南上層階級。我能想到一些更富裕的人想要搬出去的原因：
-Government: The corruption rate in Vietnam is very high, and it is unlikely to improve soon. People have lost their trust in the government and their belief that they can take action to change it. When you can't change the status quo, you'd better quit.
-政府：越南的腐敗率很高，不太可能很快改善。人們已經失去了對政府的信任，也失去了可以采取行動來改變的信念。當你無法改變現狀時，最好退出。
-Low standard of living: even with money, life here will be very difficult. You can easily see pollution, food hygiene and bad business practices in the media. People do not feel safe and protected about these things. They often compare the living conditions here with those of more developed countries such as Singapore, Australia, the United States, and even Thailand and Malaysia.
-生活水準低：即使有錢，這裡的生活也會很艱難。你很容易在媒體上看到污染、食品衛生和不良商業行為等問題。人們對這些事情并不感到安全和保護，經常将這裡的生活條件與新加坡、澳洲、美國等更發達國家，甚至泰國和馬來西亞等國家進行比較。
-People: The ordinary people are still not well educated. Bad habits are everywhere. People will not apologize even if they do something wrong, and decency and politeness have not been popularized. Overseas Vietnamese intellectuals are generally angry at the behavior of other people and think that this is one of the biggest reasons why they do not want to return.
-人民：普通群眾仍然沒有受過很好的教育。壞習慣無處不在。人們即使做錯了什麼也不會道歉，得體和禮貌并未得到普及。海外越南知識分子普遍對其他人的行為感到憤怒，認為這是他們不想回來的最大原因之一。
-Tradition: Vietnam is a conservative society with many traditions and social norms. It destroys individual growth and is conducive to group integration. This is also very unfair to women, which has brought them too much burden and responsibility, unable to balance family and work. The trend of Vietnamese upper class women marrying foreigners is growing, so they do not have to fully cope with this situation.
-傳統：越南是一個保守的社會，有許多傳統和社會規範。它破壞了個人成長，有利于群體整合。這對婦女也非常不公平，給她們帶來了太多的負擔和責任，無法兼顧家庭和工作。越南上流社會女性嫁給外國人的趨勢越來越大，這樣她們就不必完全應付這種情況。
-Transfer money out: Some people migrate to find a safe haven for their money. This may be money earned through illegal means, or it may be money that needs to be protected to prevent Vietnam's unstable banking system.
-把錢轉移出去：有些人移民是為了給他們的錢找一個避風港。這可能是通過非法途徑賺取的錢，也可能是需要保護的錢，以防越南不穩定的銀行體系。
Whatever the reason, this country is not as good as you think, which is a painful fact. This is a good place to visit, but it's not pleasant to stay for a long time. We can do many things to improve the life here, but once there is a good opportunity to move, it is hard to refuse.
不管是什麼原因，這個國家并沒有你想象的那麼好，這是令人痛苦的事實。這是一個遊覽的好地方，但長時間逗留不太愉快。我們可以做很多事情來改善這裡的生活，但一旦有好的機會搬家，就很難拒絕。
越南網友的回答
There are many reasons why people want to move to the United States or European countries. I will just give a few examples.
人們想移居美國或歐洲國家的原因有很多，我隻舉幾個例子。
1. People yearn for European and American life. When I was in Vietnam, I heard people bragging about how much money they made. American life is paradise.
1.人們向往歐美的生活。當我在越南時，我聽到人們吹噓他們賺了多少錢，美國的生活就是天堂。
2. Better higher education. Vietnam's pre university education is one of the best IMO. However, university is not a good place. That's why people send their children to America for better education. Some of them married Americans and brought their families over.
2.更好的高等教育。越南的大學前教育是最好的IMO之一。然而，大學并不是好的地方。這就是為什麼人們把孩子送到美國接受更好的教育。他們中的一部分人和美國人結婚，将他們的家人也接過來。
3. More opportunities. Vietnam is still a developing country, so there are not many job opportunities, especially in advanced fields. Most people go to business schools and find jobs in banking or related fields.
3.更多機會。越南仍然是一個開發中國家，是以沒有太多的工作機會，尤其是在先進領域。大多數人會去商學院，在銀行或相關領域找到工作。
4. The system relies too much on contacts rather than talents. Although it will be easier to find a job in the United States if you also have contacts, it will be more difficult to find a good job in Vietnam if you do not know the people in the system. You may eventually work for some people who have political power but do not have this knowledge. It is less likely that this will happen to foreign companies.
4.系統過于依賴人脈而非人才。雖然如果你也有人脈，在美國找工作會更容易，但如果你不了解體制内的人，在越南找一份好工作會更難。你最終可能會為一些擁有公權力卻沒有這方面知識的人工作，外國公司發生這種事的可能性較小。
My family emigrated to the United States because of immigration. I dropped out two years after I graduated from Vietnam's economic school. I went to MIT to study engineering, found a job where I wanted to go, and pursued my dream freely. So I think America is better for me.
我的家人因為移民而移居美國。我從越南的經濟學校畢業兩年後就退學了。我去了麻省理工學院學習工程學，在我想去的地方找到工作，自由地追求我的夢想，是以我認為美國對我來說更好。