【托福備考經 ● 二. 托福閱讀技巧 ● 2.2.4 句: 插句入段題】

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2.2.4 句: 插句入段題

1) 插句入段題簡介

插句入段題（lnsert Text Questions）: 給一個句子，把該句子插入文章中合适的位置

2) 插句入段題解題技巧

段落結構法 + 指代法 + 邏輯關系法

3) 解題技巧詳細說明和例子

(1)段落結構法

段落結構法	劃分文章段落結構，根據文章結構，把句子插入合适的位置。
典型的段落結構	【典型段落結構】 主題句 Topic 解釋拓展主題句Detail1 + 細節或者例證detail1 解釋拓展主題句Detail2 + 細節或者例證detail2
【說明】 主題句一般是文章的第一句或者第二句話
例子	【題目原文】lronically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although church ritual had sustained an interest in time keeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature's time.【1】Day and night were divided into thesame number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and nighthours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours variedwith the seasons.【2】But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and thisimplied a new time reckoning.【3】The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century.【4】From the start, however, thetowns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocksinstalled in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of anew, secular municipal authority. 【待插入句子】The division of time no longer reflected the organization of religious ritual.
【結構分析】             Topic: 機械鐘削弱了天主教的權威    Detail1:教會時間即自然時間   detail1: 時間随季節變化    Detail2:機械鐘時長固定       detail2: 教會抵制，世俗政權接受
lronically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority(主題句Topic). Although church ritual had sustained an interest in time keeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature's time(解釋拓展主題句Detail1).【1】Day and night were divided into thesame number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and nighthours were unequal; and then of course the length of these hours variedwith the seasons.(細節或者例證detail1)【2】But the mechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning. (解釋拓展主題句Detail2)【3】The Catholic Church resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about a century.【4】From the start, however, thetowns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocksinstalled in town halls and market squares became the very symbol of anew, secular municipal authority. (細節或者例證detail2)
【答案分析】待插入句子The division of time no longer reflected the organization of religious ritual，意識是：時間的劃分不在反應宗教禮儀的結構。是以可以判斷出這屬于Detail2的内容，再根據前後句子内容判斷，帶插入句子應該放在【3】。

(2)指代法

指代法	如果待插入句子中有代詞this / that / such等，那麼前文一定有指代的具體内容，通過尋找這個具體的指代内容，找到句子插入的位置

例子1

【題目原文】Finally, we may doubt the notion that the Upper Paleolithic period was a paradisein which food came readily, leaving humans ample time to amusethemselves with art.【1】For Europe it was still the lce Age.【2】An estimate of the basic level of sustenance then necessary for human survival has beenjudged at 2200 calories per day.【3】This consideration, combined with thestark emphasis upon animals in the cave art, has persuaded some archaeologists that the primary motive behind Paleolithic images must lie with the primary activity of Paleolithic people: hunting.【4】 【待插入句子】Obtaining this level of nourishmeht from such a harsh environment musthave consumed most of Paleolithic people's time and attention.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出現了代詞this level , 那麼前文一定出現了某種level。【3】的前面，出現了An estimate of the basic level of sustenance… 據此，待插入句子應該插入【3】。

例子2

【題目原文】On viewing the lush plant growth of a tropical rainforest, most people would conclude that the soil beneath it is rich innutrient. 【1】Howevey, although rain forest soils are highly variable,they have in common the fact that abundant rainfall washes mineral nutrients out of them and into streams.【2】This process is known as leathing.【3】Because of rain leaching, most tropical rain forest soils have low to very low mineral nutrient content, in dramatic contrast tomineral-rich grassland soils.【4】 【待插入句子】ln many contexts—grasslands and most other types of forest, forexample—that inference would be correct.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出現了代詞that inference , 那麼前文一定出現了某種推理inference。【1】的前面，出現了would conclude that … 據此，待插入句子應該插入【1】。

例子3

【題目原文】A large delta may spread out in this manner until it covers thousands of square kilometers. 【1】Most fans, however, are muchsmaller, covering a fraction of a square kilometer to a few square kilometers. 【2】The Mississippi River has flowed through seven different delta channels during the past 5,000 to 6,000 years.【3】But in recent years, engineers have built great systems of levees (retaining walls) in attempts to stabilize the channels.【4】 【待插入句子】lf the Mississippi River were not contained by such systems, it would probably abandon its present path and cut into the channel of a nearby river to the west.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出現了代詞such systems,, 那麼前文一定出現了某種system。【4】的前面，出現了engineers have built great systems of levees (retaining walls)… 據此，待插入句子應該插入【4】。

(3) 邏輯關系法

邏輯關系法

根據待插入句子裡的一些積極或者否定的感情色彩詞（positive/negative sign），尋找帶插入的位置

【題目原文】There was much debate on the relative efficiencies of different types ofwaterwheels,【1】The period from about 1650 until 1800 saw some excellent scientific and technical investigations of different designs.【2】They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency, the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. 【3】(They also proved that, in principle, the overshot wheel, a type of wheel in which an overhead stream of water powers the wheel, should win the efficiency competition.)【4】 【待插入句子】Happily, serious studies began to be conducted to help resolve disagreements.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出現了感情積極的标志positive sign: Happily， 且提到help resolve disagreements，那麼前文一定出現了某種disagreements，感情色彩是消極的。【1】的前面，出現了much debate on… 據此，待插入句子應該插入【1】。

【題目原文】Another immensely significant step occurred around 3100 B c E., when Sumerian accountahts extended the token-based signs to include the first real numerals.【1】Previously, units of grain had been represented by direct one-to-one correspondence—by repeating the token or symbol for a unit of grain the required number of times.【2】 The accountants, however, devised numeral signs distingt from commodity signs, so that eighteen units of grain could be indicated by preceding a single grain symbol with a symbol denoting“18".【3】Their invention of abstract numerals and abstract counting was one of the most revolutionary advances in the history of mathematics.【4】 【待插入句子】Such a system was clearly awkward for large inventories.

【答案分析】待插入句子中出現了感情消極的标志negtive sign: awkward，，那麼前文感情色彩是消極的。【2】的前面，出現了Previously… 且說明以前的是不好的，【2】的後面緊接着出現了轉折however…,感情轉正。是以，待插入句子應該插入【2】。

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