【托福備考經 ● 二. 托福閱讀技巧 ● 2.2.1 詞: 詞彙題】

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2.2.1 詞: 詞彙題

1) 詞彙題簡介

詞彙題（Vocabulary Questions）就是對閱讀文章中某個詞彙或者短語的考察。通常情況下，被考到的單詞或短語對于了解文章一個大的或重要的部分起到至關重要的作用。被直接考察的詞一般不帶有學科屬性。

2) 詞彙題解題技巧

對于認識的詞，解題技巧： 結合文章直接選出答案

對于不認識的詞，解題技巧： 詞根詞綴法 + 對比/轉折 + 文中提示（體會感情色彩或程度）+ 句子邏輯法

3) 解題技巧詳細說明和例子

(1) 直接選答案

【技巧1】	認識的單詞，結合文章直接選出答案
【例子1】	【題目】1.The word "intensive" in the passage is closest in meaning A. Periodic  B. various  C. strong  D. promising
【解析】intensive 表示加強的，意識相近的隻有strong, 選C。

(2) 詞根詞綴法

【技巧2】	詞根詞綴法：根據一些核心詞，詞根和詞綴，猜測單詞意思
【例子2】	【題目】The word "multitudinous" in the passage is closest in meaning to A. a great many      B. rapidly increasing C. finely divided      D. extremely strong
【解析】multi 詞根表示多，不要想太多，直接選A, a great many 表示很多。

(3) 對比/轉折

【技巧3】	對比/轉折：考察的單詞出現在文章中有轉折或對比的地方，轉折或對比的地方，前後意思一般相反
【例子3】	【原文】Kettlewell hypothesized that the normal pale forms are difficult to see when resting on lichen-covered trees, whereas dark forms are conspicuous.
【題目】10. The word "conspicuous" in the passage is closest in meaning to A. easily eaten        B. clearly visible C. poorly adapted     D. rarely present
【解析】前面說很難看見，然後來個轉折whereas，那麼 conspicuous的意思就是與難看見相反的，是 clearly visible, 選B。

(4) 文中提示(體會感情色彩、程度)

【技巧4】	文中提示(體會感情色彩、程度)：根據文中體會感情色彩、程度等來猜測單詞意思
【例子4】	【原文】Chondrules and inclusions in Allende are held together by the chondrite matrix, a mixture of fine-grained, mostly silicate minerals that also includes grains of iron metal and iron sulfide. At one time it was thought that these matrix grains might be pristine nebular dust, the sort of stuff from which chondrules and inclusions were made. However, detailed studies of the chondrite matrix suggest that much of it, too, has been formed by condensation or melting in the nebula, although minute amounts of surviving interstellar dust are mixed with the processed materials..
【題目】The word "pristine" in the passage is closest in meaning to A. pure   B. solid    B. ordinary    D. tapped
【解析】 at one time,曾經認為，潛台詞是現在不是這了。 且後文出現了轉折however和are mixed with ,後面是混合mixed，那前面就是純淨的pure。選A。

(5) 句子邏輯法

【技巧5】	句子邏輯法：看文章邏輯結構，判斷是因果、條件或其他關系
【例子5】	【原文】The individual raising the alarm is simply protecting itself, but in doing so it is warning all of the others. Herding is highly successful, provided members of the herd stay together in a tight bunch. The hunter moves with the herd, watching for an individual to wander away from the others.
【題目】The word "provided" in the passage is closest in meaning to A. if   B. because   C. unless   D. therefore
【解析】畜群是很成功的，如果動物成員們聚集在一起，provided表條件，相當于if。

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