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比较状语从句的句式分析

作者:我的考试日记

英语复合句中,很多从句往往相当于一个副词,充当句子状语。根据从句意思,可以划分出不同类型的状语从句。比较状语从句是关于事物间的比较,有两者之间的比较,也有三者以上的比较。比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中,通常由as或than引起,这类从句和大多数状语从句不同,它们不修饰动词,而是修饰as,so,less,more等副词,或其他比较级的词。

一、常见引导词

比较状语从句引导词包括:

as...as(和......一样);

not as/so...as(和......不一样);

than(比);the more...the more...(越......越......)等。

中间使用形容词或副词,说明事物的特性。

如果是同级之间比较,也就是两者在某一方面是相同的,这时用形容词或副词的原级。常用句式为:

as…as(和……一样);

not so(as)…as …(和不一样);

如果是两者之间比较,一方比另一方在某方面更胜一筹,则用形容词或副词的比较级。常用句式为:more…than(更);

如果是三者以上的比较,那么其中必定有某一个比其他有优势,那就是其中“最....”样的,这时用形容词或副词的最高级。常用句式为:

the most…in/of,

the + 形容词+est…of/in。

注意在使用最高级的时候,一定要明确限定比较的范围,可用of或in引出来。of是表示它是其中一个,in表示限定在某个空间或时间范围内。

二、用法比较

比较状语从句从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句。

1、as...as...

例如:

He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.

他醒来得和入睡一样突然。(第一个as是副词,第二个as 是连词。)

I have never seen so much rain as (it) fell that February.

我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。(否定结构常用so…as, 也可用as...as)

The girl is as innocent as she is pretty.

那个女孩既漂亮又天真。

比较状语从句的句式分析

as 连接的比较状语从句常常省去与主句相同的部分,只留下相比较的部分。

例如:

she is as sly as a fox.

她像狐狸一样狡诈。

He is as strong as an ox.

他身体强壮如牛。

Your shoes are not so stylish as my shoes.

你的鞋子不如我的时尚。

也可以说成:Your shoes are not so stylish as mine.

注意:倍数 + as + adj/adv + as, 和......的几倍一样。

I spent three times as much as you did, so I finally passed the exam.

我学习花费的精力是你的三倍,所以我最终通过了考试。

若涉及数量或程度,还可以用:

as + much + 不可数名词 + as 或者

as + many + 复数名词 + as 的结构

例如:

Americans eat twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

今天的美国人每人吃的蔬菜的种类是他们在1910年吃的两倍。

再比如:

as fast as a hare,动如脱兔;像野兔一样快;

as brave as a bear,像熊一样英勇;

as free as a bird,像小鸟一样自在;

as neat as a new pin,非常整洁;

as quiet as a mouse,非常安静;像老鼠一样安静;

as big as a house,像房子一样大。

2、than

例如:

The youth of today are better off than we used to be.

今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。

The lesson is more difficult than I expected it to be.

这一课比我原想的要难得多。

than 连接的比较状语从句常常省去与主句相同的部分,只留下相比较的部分。

There were more casualties than that was reported.

实际伤亡人数比报道的要多。

也可以说成:

There were more casualties than reported.

I know you better than he (knows you).

我比他更懂你。

也可以说成:

I know you better than him.

此外还有:the more ... the more... “越...... 就越......”

例如:

The busier she is, the happier she feels.

她越忙越觉得快乐。

比较状语从句的句式分析

The more he learns, the more he wants to learn.

他学得越多越想学习。

The harder I work, the greater progress I will make.

我越用功,进步就越大。

3、according as ,“根据......的方式,视......而定。”

例如:

They will be praised or blamed according as their work is good or bad.

给他们的赏罚将视乎他们工作的好坏来决定。

They are paid according as how well they work.

按工作情况的好坏给他们发工资。

4、in proportion as,“随着......的增加或减少。”(表示两个事物之间的比例关系,其中一个事物的变化会导致另一个事物的相应变化。)

例如:

In proportion as the sales increase the profit will rise.

销售量增加利润也成比例地增加[随着销售量的增加,利润也会相应地增加]。

Men are happy in proportion as they are virtuous.

人之幸福与德行成正比。

5、The most…in/of,“最......”

例如:

This book is the most interesting of the three.

这本书是三本中最有趣的。

6、the + 形容词+est…of/in,“最......”

例如:

This road is the busiest street in our city.

这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。

比较状语从句的句式分析

7、no more than,“只不过(嫌少的意思)”

例如:I have no more than two pens.

我只有两支笔。

The company employs no more than a couple of dozen people.

这个公司顶多雇用了几十个人。

If you've been asked for an interview you are probably on a short list of no more than six.

如果通知你去面试,你就很可能上了不超过6人的候选名单。

The restaurant was no more than a glorified fast-food cafe.

这地方美其名曰餐馆,其实只不过是个快餐店而已。

Some places were no more than glorified pubs.

一些地方名字叫得好听,其实不过是酒馆而已。

Unhappily, he had done no more than pay lip service to their views.

不幸的是,他对他们观点的支持只是口惠而实不至。

8、not more than,“不如.....”(前者不如后者);不超过

例如:

Jack is not more diligent than John.

杰克不如约翰勤奋。

He was a kid really, not more than eighteen or nineteen.

他实际上还是个孩子,最多不过十八九岁。

9、one of the +形容词最高级+ 名词(复数) …之一(用于最高级)

例如:

Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.

韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。

This is one of the most commonly used methods.

这是最常采用的方法之一。

It is one of the greatest roles she has played.

这是她所扮演过的最重要的角色之一。

It was one of the hardest things I ever did.

这是我做过的最难的事情之一。

She was one of the greatest minds of her generation.

她是她那一代人中最聪慧的人之一。

比较状语从句的句式分析

This family is one of the most deserving cases.

这是最应当得到帮助的一户人家。

She was one of the best tennis players of her generation.

她是同辈中最出色的网球运动员之一。

She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.

她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物。

It is one of the safest cars in the world.

这是世界上最安全的车型之一。

That was one of the happiest moments of my life.

那是我一生中最快乐的一段时光。

三、总结:

(一)同级比较,使用形容词(adj.)或副词(adv.)的原形。

重点句型:

1、as + adj/adv + as, “ 和......一样”。

2、not as (so) + adj/adv + as,”和...... 不一样”。

3、倍数 + as + adj/adv + as,“和......的几倍一样”。

(二)不同级比较,使用形容词(adj.)或副词(adv.)的比较级或最高级。

重点句型:

1、adj/adv 比较级 + than,“比......更”

2、the more ... the more... ,“越...... 就越......”

3、as 和 than连接的比较状语从句常常省去与主句相同的部分,只留下相比较的部分。

比较状语从句的句式分析