【龙腾网】人类会在火星上生活吗?

正文翻译

Will humans ever live on Mars?

人类会在火星上生活吗?

评论翻译

Dan Bradbury

Do you think humans can really build civilization on Mars?

Can, as in “totally possible within the laws of physics”? Yes, of course. We have the engineering prowess to invent the technology to do so.

你认为人类真的能在火星上建立文明吗？

能够，就像“这在物理定律下是完全可能的吗”？是的，当然。我们有强大的工程技术来发明这样的技术。

Can, as in “right now”? No. As a general rule, if we haven’t done it EVER, then we don’t have the technology. We can send probes (barely, at that). We haven’t sent people. Entire processes and technology would need to be invented to do that. As I mentioned, if we took the limit off the top of spending, then that would make it happen sooner.

Can, as in “will we ever”? I think so. I don’t think we’ll colonize Mars. I think that —based on any obxtive view of history— we become less and less comfortable with perils the more technology we have to remove them.

能够，就像“现在就能做到吗？不能。一般来说，如果我们以前从未做到过，那我们就没有技术。我们可以发送探测器（勉强）。我们还没有送人去火星。要做到这一点，整个流程和技术都需要被发明出来。但正如我所提到的，如果我们不计成本，那么有可能更快实现。

能够，就像“我们将来能做到吗？我认为会。我不认为我们会殖民火星。我之所以认为，是基于对历史的客观看法——随着我们掌握的技术越来越多，我们会越来越不在乎危险——我们越来越有技术消除危险。

To that end, I think that 1000–3000m diameter rotating ships in space with the ability to maneuver out of the way of obxts and the ability to harness energy from the sun will be our future. We may not even be “human” at that point, perhaps rotating will be a worthless thought. If we remain much as we are, then some form of gravity, a large interior space (a few kilometers across) with an internal light source and heavily regulated environment will be the aim.

为此，我认为未来需要直径1000 - 3000米的太空旋转飞船，这些飞船能够避开物体，并能够利用太阳的能量。到那时，我们甚至可能不再是“人类”，旋转可能是一个毫无价值的想法。如果我们保持现状，那么某种形式的重力，一个巨大的内部空间(几公里宽)，内部光源和严格监管的环境将是目标。

Ernest W. Adams

What is the likelihood that humans will eventually live on Mars?

For short periods on a scientific outpost, good.

For their whole lives on a permanent colony, not good. Any population living on Mars will require assistance from Earth indefinitely.

Also it’s a pretty lousy place to live regardless. I don’t think many people are going to want to raise their children in a place where they’ll never see a flower or an animal.

人类最终在火星上居住的可能性有多大？

在科学前哨站呆上一段时间，可能性很大。

要永久性殖民火星，并在火星度过他们的一生，可能性不大。任何生活在火星上的人口将无限期地需要地球的援助。

而且不管怎样，这是一个非常糟糕的地方。我想没有多少人愿意让他们的孩子在一个看不到花或动物的地方长大。

Sebastian Boyd

can we survive on mars?

While it is true Humans cannot survive on Mars without a spacesuit and special equipment, it does not mean we can’t live there.

Mars has all the resources necessary to sustain civilization as we know it. Iron, Carbon, Water Ice, Silicon, and just about every other element needed to support industry on Earth can be found in various forms on Mars. Using these resources, we can manufacture plastics, metals, electronics, with which we can make clothing, habitats, vehicles, computers, solar panels, wire, piping, containers, or anything else we require.

我们能在火星上生存吗？

虽然人类在没有太空服和特殊设备的情况下无法在火星上生存，但这并不意味着我们不能在那里生活。

火星拥有我们所知的维持文明所需的所有资源。铁、碳、水冰、硅以及几乎所有其他支持地球上工业的元素，都可以在火星上以各种形式找到。利用这些资源，我们可以制造塑料、金属、电子产品，用它们我们可以制作衣物、栖息地、车辆、电脑、太阳能板、电线、管道、容器或我们所需的任何其他东西。

In the shorter term, it is possible to produce both Oxygen and rocket fuel (Methalox) on Mars using the well known Sabatier Reaction, which uses hydrogen (Either imported or split from locally mined water ice) and the planet’s plentiful Carbon Dioxide atmosphere to produce Methane and water, which can then be split through electrolysis into Oxygen for breathing and Hydrogen to use as fuel or be fed back into the reactor to make more Methane and water.

As for growing food, tests have been performed growing wheat, beats, carrots, and many other crops in simulated Martian soil with moderate success. However it is known that Martian soil lacks much of the nitrogen that plants need to be healthy. This can in fact be remedied very easily by mixing the soil with specially treated solid waste (yes poo) exactly as is done to fertilize fields on here on earth, as human waste is very high in nitrogen and other things plants need to grow, such as helpful bacteria.

短期内，在火星上使用众所周知的萨巴捷反应（Sabatier反应）可以生产氧气和火箭燃料（甲烷-液氧，Methalox），萨巴捷反应利用氢气(进口或从当地开采的水冰中分离)和地球上丰富的二氧化碳大气产生甲烷和水，然后通过电解分解成供呼吸的氧气和用作燃料的氢气，或者反馈到反应堆中以产生更多的甲烷和水。

至于种植食物，已经在模拟火星土壤中进行了小麦、甜菜、胡萝卜和许多其他作物的试验，并取得了一定的成功。然而，众所周知，火星土壤缺乏植物健康所需的大量氮。事实上，这可以很容易地通过将土壤与经过特殊处理的固体废物(是的，粪便)混合来补救，就像在地球上给田地施肥一样，因为人类粪便中含有很高的氮和植物生长所需的其他物质，比如有益的细菌。

Other commonly cited obstacles to human exploration and settlement of Mars are Radiation, low gravity, and prolonged isolation. However, all of these are solvable problems.

It is my understanding that the radiation received from a three-year round trip to the red planet is sufficient to increase the risk of cancer by about 1%, meaning that if you sent a someone who smokes on such a mission and they gave up the habit in the process they would be reducing their risk of cancer by more than 25%. On the surface radiation can be reduced to terrestrial levels simply by burying the habitats people live in or even putting sandbags on top.

The Gravity issue is the most difficult to answer. Mars’ gravity is about one-third that of Earth’s, and while the effects of zero g’s on the human body are well known to be fairly adverse, we don’t know if the gravity on Mars is enough to avoid these effects, but we also won’t be able to find out unless we go.

人类探索和定居火星的其他常见障碍是辐射、低重力和长期隔离。然而，所有这些问题都是可以解决的。

据我了解，往返火星三年所受的辐射足以使患癌症的风险增加1%左右，这意味着，如果你派一个吸烟的人去执行这样的任务，并在此过程中戒掉这个习惯，他们患癌症的风险将降低25%以上。在地表，只需将人们居住的栖息地埋起来，甚至在顶部放置沙袋，就可以将辐射降低到地球水平。

重力问题是最难回答的。火星的重力大约是地球的三分之一，虽然零重力对人类的不良影响众所周知，我们不知道火星上的重力是否足以避免这些影响，但除非我们上到火星，否则也无法找到答案。

The psychological issues are mostly easily avoidable. being in stressful, high risk situations away from home is something thousands of soldiers go through daily, and the prospect of leaving home and family to explore and settle a dangerous new world is one countless pilgrims, pioneers, and frontiersmen embraced over three hundred years ago.

The question of Mars is no longer how or even why, it is when and who.

心理问题大多是很容易避免的。身处紧张、高风险的环境中远离家乡是成千上万的士兵每天都要经历的事情，而离开家园和家人去探索一个危险的新世界并在那定居的前景是三百多年前无数朝圣者、拓荒者和拓荒者所接受的。

在火星生活的问题不再是如何生活或为什么要去火星生活，而是何时去和谁去的问题。

Michael Laitman

I wrote about the idea of humans moving to Mars in an article I once published in KabNet. I’m posting the article here as it has what I have to say on the topic:

A Vision of Humans on Mars in the Year 2100

This is a story about our journey to Mars.

It’s the year 2100. Over 11 billion people inhabit the planet. Heightened global warming caused the sea to rise over coastal regions and islands, displacing hundreds of millions of people.

Many of them didn’t make it.

Diseases, impoverished conditions, famine and wars caused the deaths of millions more in the process.

Hope seems bleak on planet Earth. But as always the case throughout history, people await, still hopeful for better times.

Testimonials of Mars’ first inhabitants portray it as humanity’s safehaven. In the meantime, on Earth people suffer ecological, economic, social and psychological peril.

我曾在KabNet（一个与卡巴拉教育和研究相关的网站）上发表过一篇关于人类移居火星的想法的文章。我把这篇文章贴在这里，因为它有我对这个话题的看法:

2100年，人类关于火星上的愿景

这是一个关于我们前往火星的旅程的故事。

现在是2100年，这个星球上人口超过110亿。全球变暖加剧导致沿海地区和岛屿海平面上升，数亿人流离失所。

他们中的许多人无法活下来。

在这个过程中因疾病、贫困条件、饥荒和战争导致无数人死亡。

地球上的希望似乎很渺茫。但正如历史上一直以来的情况，人们仍在等待，仍然对更好的时代抱有希望。

火星上第一批居民的证词将其描绘成人类的避风港。与此同时，在地球上，人们遭受着生态、经济、社会和心理上的危险。